有逻辑英语作文

篇一：英语作文中逻辑词的使用问题

. 逻辑连接词的定义和分类

逻辑连接词(logical conjunction) 又名信号词，在衔接手段中是比较复杂的一种，它标示着一种只能通过参照其它部分才能完全理解篇章的关系, 因而是一种衔接。信号词对于文章过程的连贯起到了作用, 它也是英语写作中众多过渡手段之一。Quick(1973)将连词、连接副词、介词、介词短语等语篇连接词归入逻辑词范畴。这些起桥梁作用的过渡词语(TransitionalWords\Phrases)把语篇有条理的衔接起来,使整篇文章流畅自然、语义连贯。从形式上看，逻辑连接词可以由词、短语、从句三类语言单位充当（刘庆元，2000）；从意义上看，逻辑连接词可以表示多种不同的语义关系。近年来，许多语言学家对逻辑连接词的分类都发表了自己的见解，没有一个统一的标准，但有一方面是可以肯定的，它们所表示的语义关系是多种多样的。最常见的分类方式如下：

（1）表示增补，如：and, also, too, in addition, moreover, besides,furthermore, not only———but also, above all, as well as, togetherwith, along with, next, what’s more.（2）表示时间，如after, before, soon, when, until, during, immediately,then.（3）表示举例，如for example, for instance, such as, that is, inother words, in fact.（4）表示相同即第二个观点在某些方面和第一个观点相似。如：Like, as, similarly, in the some way, as well, too, equally, likewise.（5）表示不同，即观点和我们所期望的观点不同。读者需要对下一句的意思转换做好准备。如：Unlike, in contrast with\to,whereas, on the contrary, on the other hand, instead, but, however,yet, although, nevertheless, even though, in spite of, despite, ratherthan.（6）表示因果：since, because, due to, owing to, for, as, becauseof, on account of, as a result, therefore, thus, hence, so, consequently,so—that.（7）表示目的：in order to, in the hope that, so as to, so that, in thehope of.（8）表示总结：in a word, in conclusion, on the whole, in short,to conclude, to sum up, finally, at last.（9）表示顺序：first, then, next, after that, finally, last of all, at thebeginning, one ,another, still, soon, later, initially.（10）表示条件：if, unless, on condition that, as long as, in case,suppose.

（11）表示空间：above, across, beyond, in front of , next, adjacentto, to the left.（12）表示强调：chiefly, especially, indeed, in fact, actually.

2. 写作中逻辑连接词的使用情况

根据近几年学生作文情况来看，大部分学生都开始有意识的使用连接词来达到语篇的连贯，但在使用上仍存在问题。

（1）有的逻辑连接词使用错误是因为对词语的意义把握偏差导致错用。如on the contrary和in contrast; on the other hand 和otherwise; above all和firstly; at last和later.

（2）有的学生滥用逻辑连接词。他们在主观上想尽量多用连接词语，以加强句际衔接，但结果是连接词语过分堆积，造成多余。如: In the eyes of our parents and teachers, campus loveshouldn’t appear among college students. But gradually at last it becomesthe admission and popularity to college students.虽然中国学生在有意识地通过特定的手段来表现内容是一个可喜的现象, 但中国学生过多地使用连接词也是一个不容忽视的问题。通过研究学者发现我们大学生在常写的议论文和说明文中,最常见的是表示举例、结果、转折等关系的逻辑连接词。一些学者在使用Wordsmith 统计每种连接词出现的频率,用卡方检验, 再通过Excel记录整理, 用SPSS 进行分析的研究发现：中国大学生对表述“空间”的接词总体上用的较少,表示“增补”

的连接词尤其多,表示“总结”的词特别多，且在使用表示各种情况的连接词时,使用的简单词比较多，如：中国学生在使用表示“强调”的连接词时用especially, in fact, above all，国外学生在使用表示“强调”的连接词多用indeed, particularly;表示“转折”的词,中国学生用on the contrary, on the other hand，而国外学生用yet表示举例的词, 还有一些中国学生比较常用的词如so,firstly, because, also, in a word, thus, therefore, above，这说明学生对逻辑连接词的掌握不够多样化,仅局限于少数常用的表达上。运用逻辑连接词对于组织英语语篇固然重要，然而,这些连接词语应尽量简练而不引起人的注意。连接词语的过渡使用会分散读者对整篇文章意思的注意力。

（3）文化干扰对逻辑连接词的影响。

由于语言与文化之间的密切联系, 中国学生在英语写作时不可避免地把中国传统思维习惯、价值观念等带入到作文中去,从而形成了干扰，而这一干扰也体现在对连接词的使用上。①有些时候, 尽管有的句子语法是正确的, 而单个句子的语义也是正确的, 但如果未能用一些过渡连接词适当的把这些句子连接起来, 就不能体现出句子间的逻辑关系。如: They (College students)can talk with each other, play witheach other, help each other, learn from each other. They can get o lotof happiness. 这两个句子在意义上实质上是关联的, 即恋爱的快乐来自于彼此的交流。这两个句子如果加上适当的逻辑过渡词就会更符合逻辑。以上两个句子可以修改为：They (College students)can talk with each other, play with each other, help each other,learn from each other, from which they can get o lot of happiness.②我们在汉语中, 当要转换话题的时候, 不需要任何的连接词，可以直接从一个话题转到另一个话题。但在英语中, 要转换话题时必须有适当的连接词, 否则的话，有时要出现病句即逗号错接句。只有加上适当的连接词才能保证句子的语法、语义的正确。如:周末时,有的学生学习, 有的学生逛街。这个句子如果写成:Some students studies, some students goes shopping onweekend.就是个病句。句子间缺少了逻辑连接词就造成了英语中的病句。正确的句子为:Some students studies, while some studentsgoes shopping on weekend.③有时由于英汉思维的差别, 受汉语的影响, 学生在英语中使用连接词时也会受其影响。如汉语中可以说“因为他们花费在恋爱上的时间太长,所以就没时间学习”。但英语中就不能译成Because they spend too much time on love, so they can’t concentrateon their study.因为英语中because 和so 不能在同一句子中使用。

中国哲学、艺术和语言注重的是心理时空, 尤其偏重于时间的逻辑事理性。因此, 中国人在用语言表达一些较复杂的思想时, 往往按照动作发生的顺序或逻辑顺序逐步交代,从而形成一种“流水句”式的时间型样态；另一方面, 中国人强调直觉和普遍联系, 轻视分析，因此有些句子中的必然联系就被忽略了。

篇二：英语文章中常见的逻辑关系

英语文章中常见的逻辑关系

1.并列关系

and, and also, or, neither……nor, either……or, not only……but also, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say, as well as, same……as;

2.递进关系

also, then, besides, additionally, in addition, furthermore, moreover, what is more; indeed;

3.因果关系

because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so…..that, such…..that, in order that, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, in response to, on account of, because of, considering that, seeing that, in that, now that, lest, as a result, for this reason;

4.转折关系

but, however, yet, contrarily, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately;

5.让步关系

although, though, even though, even if, even, nevertheless, despite, in spite of; regardless of;

anyway, anyhow

6.列举（顺序）关系

first\second\last of all, in the first place\in the second place\finally, to begin with\ to continue, first……then, on one hand……on the other hand, for one thing……for another, one……another, some……others……still others;

7.对比关系

while, whereas, as, / rather than, instead of, not….. but;

8.时间关系

when, whenever, before, after, since, as, while, until, till, simultaneously, meanwhile, in the meantime, at the same time;

9.条件关系

if, only if, if only, unless, otherwise, as soon as, as long as, in case, suppose that, supposing that, provided that, providing that, when, whenever, with;

10.举例关系

such as, for example, for instance, of (these, those, them), among (these, those, them), to illustrate, as an illustration, to take an example, more specifically speaking, namely;

关联词运用实例说明

1．表示举例说明

a case in point, after all, as a proof, as an illustration, as an example, for example, for instance, in particular, just as, namely, such, specifically, that is, to illustrate, to demonstrate

a) Many southern cities are growing above the national average — Atlanta is a case in point.

b) The news about calcium and kidney stones is a case in point.

c) Prisoners should be treated with respect — they are human beings after all.

d) These are, after all, very familiar species.

e) It's extremely expensive to live in New York. For example, I pay $1, 250 for a one-bedroom apartment. f) Many countries, for example Mexico and Japan, have a lot of earthquakes.

g) Old English was in many ways similar to Modern German. For instance, the nouns, adjectives, and verbs were highly inflected.

h) We need to rethink the way we consume energy. Take, for instance, our approach to transport. i) Automobile prices in particular have fallen in recent months.

j) His last album sold half a million copies and we hope this one will be just as (=equally) popular.

k) One of the most important stages has yet to be started, namely beginning to fit the person into their new job.

1) The issues are in two main clusters, namely the safety and the pricing and procurement of drugs. m) The rules make it quite clear what should be done in such a situation.

n) We're talking about money —specifically, the money we need to repair our schools.

o) One solution would be to change the shape of the screen, that is, to make it wider.

2．表示增补意义

additionally, again, along with, also, and, and then, as well as, besides, equally, even, further, furthermore, in addition, in other words, just as, likewise, moreover, not only...but also, similarly, to put it another way, to repeat, then, too, what's more

a) They may also additionally represent much more; they may indeed have a highly integrating social function.

b) And again, these workshops will benefit the community considerably.

c) Dunne was murdered, along with three guards.

d) Sugar is bad for your teeth. It can also contribute to heart disease.

e) This is a flexible and user-friendly system suitable for beginners and advanced users alike.

f) Fry the onions gently, and then add the meat and cook for a few minutes.

g) The organization gives help and support to people in need, as well as raising money for local charities. h) People choose jobs for other reasons besides money.

i) We want the economy to grow, but equally we want low inflation.

j) It is possible to make good movies cheaply. Further, "low-budget" doesn't have to mean "bad. "

k) The majority of Americans increased their wealth in the past decade. Furthermore, the gains were substantial.

l) A new security system was installed. In addition, extra guards were hired.

m) The company provides cheap Internet access. In addition, it makes shareware freely available. n) The tax only affects people on incomes over $200, 000—in other words, the very rich.

o) The clams were delicious. Likewise, the eggplant was excellent.

p) Using language is a very complex enterprise. Moreover, there is more to communication than merely putting sentences together.

q) The system was not only complicated but also ineffective.

r) The cost of food and clothing has come down in recent years. Similarly, fuel prices have fallen quite considerably.

s) Money makes money. To put it another way, the more you invest, the greater your potential profit will be. t) The problem demands a global solution. To put it another way, local regulations will have very little effect. u) First you need to collect all the information and make detailed notes. Then you can start to actually write your essay.

v) Think about what you owe, too, in terms of mortgages, credit cards, loans or hire purchase.

w) Gas is a very efficient fuel. And what' s more, it's clean.

3．表示强调

above all, anyway, as a matter of fact, certainly, indeed, in fact, in particular, most important, obviously, of course, surely, to be sure, truly, undoubtedly, without doubt

a) Although it is somewhat limited in its applications it is easy to operate and above all it is fun.

b) He got lost and spent hours looking for the station, and anyway it was past midnight by the time he got home.

c) And, as a matter of fact, the U. S. Golf Association was delighted.

d) Books and people certainly affected him.

e) Most of the essays were very good indeed.

f) Her teachers said she was a slow learner, whereas in fact she was partially deaf.

g) Automobile prices in particular have fallen in recent months.

h) But the reverse is true when an attorney represents a person who is obviously guilty or whose guilt is widely perceived.

i) This is very obviously the approach of some one writing exclusively and specifically for the young. j) Of course there will be some difficult times ahead.

k) If a sign were needed that the Internet has become a real market, the arrival of tax avoidance is surely it. l) Throwing money at the problem is surely not the way to convince people of sincerity.

m) It was difficult, to be sure, but somehow we managed to finish the job.

n) If we truly believe we can win, then we have a very good chance at doing it.

o) Undoubtedly, public interest in folk music has declined.

p) Sally was without doubt one of the finest swimmers in the school.

4．表示对比或对照

by contrast, but, conversely, in contrast, instead, on the contrary, on the other hand, otherwise, unlike, whereas, while, yet

a) The birth rate for older women has declined, but, by contrast, births to teenage mothers have increased. b) The purpose of the scheme is not to help the employers but to provide work for young people.

c) American consumers prefer white eggs; conversely, British buyers like brown eggs.

d) Scandinavian cruises are very popular in the summer; conversely, the Carib bean is most popular in the winter.

e) The stock lost 60 cents a share, in contrast to last year, when it gained 21 cents.

f) Instead of being annoyed, he seemed quite pleased.

g) It wasn't a good thing; on the contrary it was a huge mistake.

h) Nuclear power is relatively cheap. On the other hand, you could argue that it's not safe.

i) It is equally vital that both should be mentioned, otherwise a client, particularly a buyer, could be seriously misled.

j) Unlike most people in the office, I don't come to work by car.

k) A bowl of instant oatmeal costs about $1. 5, whereas regular oatmeal costs only $0. 5 per bowl. l) The old system was fairly complicated whereas the new system is really very simple.

m) Schools in the north tend to be better equipped, while those in the south are relatively poor.

n) Last summer there was a drought, yet some people were still watering their lawns every day.

5．表示比较

by comparison, equally, equally important, in comparison, in the same way, in the same manner, like, likewise, similarly

a) After months of living in a tropical climate, Spain seemed cool by comparison.

b) By comparison with other European countries, car prices in the UK are very high.

c) Even when the correct word was given a high probability, there were many other words with an equally high probability.

d) Many business people do not know what sexual harassment is. Equally important, they do not know how to prevent it.

e) an extremely unpleasant disease which is, however, easy to treat

f) Cotton production was on the increase. However, it was still a small industry compared to hemp and canvas production.

g) The deaf children of hearing parents are almost normal in comparison, having everything except language experience.

h) There is often stronger social control evident in the socialisation of girls in comparison to boys.

i) Good management accounts separate the well-organised from the rest but are not vital in the same way. j) I don't want him treating me like Jim treated me.

k) The clams were delicious. Likewise, the eggplant was excellent.

l) The cost of food and clothing has come down in recent years. Similarly, fuel prices have fallen quite considerably.

6．表示让步

admittedly, after all, all the same, although, certainly, clearly, even so, it is true (that), in spite of, nevertheless, of course, still, true

a) The technique is painful, admittedly, but it benefits the patient greatly.

b) Printing and presentation should be as attractive as possible — after all the library is an attractive place, isn't it?

c) I realise she can be very annoying, but I think you should apologise all the same.

d) We decided to take rooms in Longwood House, although we knew we could not really afford the rent. e) We are not especially well-treated, certainly not as well as the locals.

f) Clearly, the racial problems in America have no easy answers.

g) The fines for speeding are large, but even so, they are not always a deterrent.

h) And it is true that after his death she ceased to exist for the world beyond the farm.

i) But in spite of the hardships, real efforts and progress are being made.

j) A false belief may nevertheless be justified.

k) Though employment growth is down, the area is still attracting health care, high tech, banking and sports-related industries.

7．表示结果

accordingly, as a result, consequently, for this reason, hence, in this way, so, therefore, thus

a) Some of the laws were contradictory. Accordingly, measures were taken to clarify them.

b) As many as 2, 500 people died as a result of the earthquake and the ensuing tidal waves.

c) Most computer users have never received any formal keyboard training. Consequently, their keyboard skills are inefficient.

d) The cost of transport is a major expense for an industry. Hence factory location is an important consideration.

e) In this way normal healthy people may be tested without inducing any damage in their brain.

f) The building work is taking quite a long time, and therefore costing us money.

g) Most of the evidence was destroyed in the fire. Thus it would be almost impossible to prove him guilty.

8．表示转折

although, but, despite, except for, though, however, in spite of, instead, nevertheless, on the other hand, otherwise, rather than, though, yet

a) You can copy down my answers, although I'm not sure if they're right.

b) In the US it is normal for the police to carry guns, but not in Britain.

c) Despite international pressure, progress has slowed in the peace talks.

d) Pen Pros: Except for personal letters, handwritten notes are withering into extinction.

e) The rooms, though small, were pleasant and airy.

f) This is a cheap and simple process. However there are dangers.

g) In spite of her success, Spencer continues to get depressed.

h) Cardew did not join the navy. Instead, he decided to join the theater and become an actor.

i) Thus we can talk of a local government system which is different from a central government system but nevertheless interacts with it.

j) Reintroduction of food after elemental regimens must nevertheless be undertaken with the greatest of care irrespective of whether or not elimination diets are used.

k) The hamburger was tough and overcooked. The fries, on the other hand, were terrific, and well worth the money.

l) Stir the sauce until it cools, otherwise it will be lumpy.

m) It presumes that reality is dynamic rather than static, and therefore seeks relationships between ideas, to aim at synthesis.

n) There is no important theory-based reason why these countries rather than others were selected. o) The offenders were dealt with firmly though fairly.

p) They charge incredibly high prices, yet customers keep coming back for more.

9．表示结论

as has been noted(mentioned，stated)，at last，finally，in a word，all in all，in brief, in conclusion, in short，in sum，in summary，to conclude，to sum up，to summarize

a)An inhibition，as mentioned above，is rarely used．

b)At last, we were able to afford a house．

c)We finally found a decent apartment close to campus．

d)Pop，in a word，is fascination versus meaning．

e)It was，all in all，more like a prison than an office．

f)In brief，the President plarts to cut defense spellding and lowet taxes.

g)In conclusion，I want to thank all the people who have volunteered their time to our organization．h)In short，the report says that more money should be spent on education.

i)In sum，we need to cut costs．

j) In summary, do not sell your shares.

k) To conclude, the prospects for philosophy of religion look brighter than they have done for many moons.

l) To sum up, for a healthy heart you must take regular exercise and stop smoking. rn) To summarize, in most cases the schools were achieving the standards set.

10．表示顺序

and, besides, finally, first, firstly, further, in the first place, last, next, second, secondly, third, thirdly, to begin with, to start with,

a) It also assigned staff people to work with individual companies that wanted to launch a program. b) This is a flexible and user-friendly system suitable for beginners and advanced users alike.

c) You need to know what tights you have and how to use them.

d) Besides going to aerobics twice a week, she tides horses on Saturdays.

e) And finally, I' d like to thank the crew.

f) First, I'd like to thank everyone for coming.

g) The application of the five stages to the task illustrated would involve, firstly, the definition of the task. h) It is possible to make good movies cheaply. Further, "low-budget" doesn't have to mean "bad. "

i) And there i. s the question of the relevance of the trading of information in the first place.

篇三：中考英语作文中常用的逻辑词汇

1. 并列关系

and, furthermore, more than that, also, likewise, moreover, in addition, what is more, for instance, for example

2. 转折关系

although, however, on the contrary, but, in spite of, nevertheless, yet, otherwise, despite

3. 顺序关系

first, second, third, and so on, then, after, before, next

4. 因果关系

as a result, for, thus, because, for this reason, so, therefore, as, since, consequently, on account of

5. 归纳关系

as a result, finally, therefore, accordingly, in short, thus, consequently, in conclusion, so, in brief, in a word

几个用得比较多的句子:

As far as I am concerned, the advantages of ? outweigh its disadvantages.Nevertheless, the disadvantages of ? is undeniable.

To sum up/ In general/ On the whole/ In brief/ In short/ In a word, it is true that ? bring about both positive and negative results. But we can try our best to reduce the negative influence to the least extent.

Obviously, in every aspect, ?

This diagram unfolds a clear comparison between?and?

As to the other three, though the growth rates were not so high, they were indeed remarkable and impressive.

英文作文中常用套句

下文中出现的 A,B, “...”(某事物), "sb"( somebody),

要在写作中要根据上下文进行适当替换. 开头: When it comes to ..., some think ... There is a public debate today that ... A is a commen way of ..., but is it a wise one? Recentaly t(来自:WWw.zW2.CN 爱作文网)he problem has been brought into focus. 提出观点: Now there is a growing awareness that... It is time we explore the truth of ... Nowhere in history has the issue been more visible. 进一步提出观点: ... but that is only part of the history. Another equally important aspect is ... A is but one of the many effects. Another is ... Besides, other reasons are... 提出假想例子的方式: Suppose that... Just imagine what would be like if...

It is reasonable to expect... It is not surprising that... 举普通例子: For example(instance),... ... such as A,B,C and so on (so forth) A good case in point is... A particular example for this is... 引用: One of the greatest early writers said ... "Knowledge is power", such is the remard of ... "......". That is how sb comment ( criticize/ praise...). "......". How often we hear such words like there. 讲故事 (先说故事主体),this story is not rare. ..., such delimma we often meet in daily life. ..., the story still has a realistic significance. 提出原因: There are many reasons for ...

Why .... , for one thing,... The answer to this problem involves many factors. Any discussion about this problem would inevitably involves ... The first reason can be obiviously seen. Most people would agree that... Some people may neglect that in fact ... Others suggest that... Part of the explanation is ... 进行对比: The advantages for A for outweigh the disadvantages of... Although A enjoys a distinct advantage ... Indeed , A carries much weight than B when sth is concerned. A maybe ... , but it suffers from the disadvantage that... 承上启下: To understand the truth of ..., it is also important to see... A study of ... will make this point clear 让步: Certainly, B has its own advantages, such as... I do not deny that A has its own merits.

结尾:

>From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw

the conclusion that ...

In summary, it is wiser ...

In short...

在作文中引用合适的名言警句,会给你的文章增色许多。这里收集了我本人喜爱的一些名言,可能会对你有用。我们使用引用的位置可以在开头结尾或正文段落中.

常见的使用形式如下:

One of the greatest early writers said ...

"Knowledge is power", such is the remard of ...

"......". That is how sb comment ( criticize/ praise...).

"......". How often we hear such words like there.

Useful quotations

逆境

by Robert Collier

In every adversity there lies the seed of an equivalent advantage. In every defeat there is a lesson showing you how to win the victory next time.

努力与成功

by Ann Landers

Opportunities are usually disguised as hard work, so most people don't recognize them.