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篇一:代词one, the one, that及those的用法辨析

代词one, the one, that及those的用法辨析

李春

【来源:新高考(高三语数外)】

代词辨析实际上是一类比较难的试题,很多同学往往混淆其中难以理清,本文就有关易混的几个代词来作一下重点的剖析并通过强化训练来帮助同学们更好地掌握有关代词的用法:

一、代词one 与the one 的用法

请看以下几个例句:

( 1) It is a very colorful event, one that has become an institution (习俗,风俗) for celebrating the King or Queen’s birthday since 1805.

( 2) Meeting my uncle after all these years is an unforgettable moment, one that I will treasure forever.

( 3) Tom wants to buy a birthday present for his mother, one that is useful but not expensive.

( 4) Never forget that within even the weakest of human bodies lies a life that is precious indeed—one that needs to be respected and honored.

分析通过对以上例句的观察我们可以发现代词one 在以上例句中均充当同位语这一成分,且代词one 后面都有由that 引导的定语从句来修饰,此处为何选择使用one 呢? 因为此处代词one 分别指前文中的a very colorful event,an unforgettablemoment,a birthday present,a life,也就是说one 一词表示泛指( 且只能指代可数名词) , 指代前文中的泛指结构,前文中泛指结构中通常有不定代词a。

请比较下一个例题:

All of us have the desire to visit the three main temples in Athens,especially the one that contains a gold and ivory statue of Athena.

分析此例中使用了代词the one,此处的the one 成分也为同位语且后面也跟带有that 引导的定语从句,但是此处的the one 指代的是前文中的the three main temples 中的一座庙,前文所提及的三座庙本为特指,因此后续句中的代词也应使用特指来指代,指雅典的三座庙中的那一座“有金和象牙铸成的雅典娜雕像”的庙。

【典题例析】

Last Sunday, I went shopping for the perfect dress, would make me look younger.( 2009苏州高三调研)

A. one in which B. the one in which C. one that D. the one that

分析本例中选择代词the one,因为the one 代替前面的the perfect dress 为特指,因此,此处的同位语使用the one,并且不定代词为先行词后面应使用that 来引导。故答案为D。

二、代词that 的用法

代词that 的指代为特指,并且我们通常归纳为 “同物异指”,即代词that 指代的物体与前文中的物体是同样的名称,但是有不同的内涵,另外代词that 可以指代前文中的不可数名词,如:

The climate of Jilin is not so mild as that of Jiangsu. 吉林的气候不如江苏温和。

代词that 指代前文中climate,同样都是climate,前文中为吉林的气候,而后文中that 所指代的气候是江苏的气候,名称相同但内涵不一样,这就是所谓的“同物异指”。此处代词that 指代的climate 即为不可数名词。

(来自:WwW.smhaida.Com 海达 范文 网:the,one)

◆代词that 与one 的区别:

that 指代可数名词单数或者不可数名词,为特指, that 代替可数名词单数时等同于the one。

one 指代可数名词单数,为泛指。

The weather in Beijing in winter is colder than that of Shanghai. 北京的天气比上海的天气要冷。

As they are retired,Mr. and Mrs. Scot prefer a house in the country to one in a large city. 因为他们退休了,司各特先生和太太宁愿要一座农村里的房子也不愿要一座大城市里的房子。

【典题例析】

Nine in ten parents said there were significant differences in their approach to educating their children compared with of their parents. ( 2009 江苏卷)

A. those B. one C. both D. that

分析此例中的代词that 指代前文中的 approach 为特指,前文中approach 为90% 的父母教育孩子的方法,而后文中代词that 所指代的 approach 为这90%的父母的父母教育他们的方法,代词that 为“同物异指”。故答案为D。

三、代词those 的用法

that 可代替不可数名词,也可代替可数名词单数,代替可数名词单数时等同于the one,表示特指意义; those 只能代替可数名词复数,等同于the ones。 The days in summer are longer than those in winter. 夏天要比冬天长一些。

分析代词those 指代前文中的复数the days。

【典题例析】

Despite the negative image of nuclear energy, actually its public safety risks are no greater than of fossil fuels. ( 2011 南京三调)

A. one B. that C. them D. those

分析代词those 指代前文中的public safety risks,指代前文中的复数名词用those 符合题意,句子意思为: 尽管核能的形象比较负面,但是实际上核能的公共安全危害性还不如矿物燃料的公共安全危害性大。故答案为D。

专项训练

1. —Mike, have you ever heard of the latest water heater using solar energy? —Yes, of course, but I haven’t decided whether to buy . ( 2011 南通一调)

A. it B. one C. this D. that

2. The cost of renting a house in central Xi’an is higher than in any other area of the city. ( 2010 陕西卷)

A. that B. this C. it D. one

3. The high housing price has become a serious problem among young people in China, the government hasn’t yet found a better solution to. ( 2011泰州一模)

A. the one B. that C. one D. those

4. My most famous relative of all, who really left his mark on America, was Rob

Sussel, my great-grandfather.

A. one B. the one C. he D. someone

5. He in the U. K. for about ten years so far,but his lifestyle differs little from of his people back in China.

A. has lived; those B. had been living; ones

C. has been living; that D. has been living; one

6. —What do you think of the book Harry Potter?

—Harry Potter is a world of magic and wonders, anything can happen.

A. one that B. one which C. the one where D. one where

7. To prevent cybercrimes more efficiently, it is important to make new laws and create international standards for them similar to concerning international airspace.

A. that B. what C. one D. those

8. Many people agree that there has never been a more splendid opening ceremony than of the Guangzhou Asian Games in history.

A. one B. that C. which D. this

Keys: 1 ~ 5 BACBC 6 ~ 8 DDB

篇二:one,that,it,the one用法解析

one,that,it,the one用法解析

1. it/one /that三者均可用作代词, 指代前面提到的名词。一般说来, it指代同名同物; one与that则指代同名异物。

I have lost my umbrella; I'm looking for it. (该句中it就是指前面的my umbrella)

I have lost my umbrella; I think I must buy one. (one在该句中表泛指, 因为my umbrella已经丢了)

The umbrella you bought is cheaper than that I bought. (替代词that在该句中特指“the umbrella I bought”, 以区别“the umbrella you bought”)

2. one与that虽可用来指代同名异物, 但one为泛指, 相当于a/an+名词; that为特指, 相当于the +名词。所以one所指代的名词的修饰语一般为 a/an /some /any; that所指代的名词的修饰语往往是the /this /that。

A chair made of steel is stronger than one made of wood. (该句中one可以换成a chair)

The water in the cup is hotter than that in the pot. (该句中that可以换成 the water)

3. one只能代替可数名词单数, 代替可数名词复数时用ones; that既可以代替不可数名词也可以代替可数名词单数, 代替可数名词复数时用 those。

I like this pen more than that one. (one代替可数名词单数pen)

There were a few young people and some older ones in the house. (ones代替可数名词复数people)

Mary's handwriting is far better than that of Peter. (that代替不可数名词 handwriting)

These pictures are more beautiful than those. (those代替可数名词复数 pictures)

4. one既可代替事物, 也可代替人, that只能代替事物而不能代替人。有时可以用the one或the ones代替that或those。

The one /That on the table is mine. (该句中The one代替事物, 并且也可以用That)

He is the teacher, the one who is loved by the students. (该句中the one代替人, 不能用that)

He advised the farmers to choose the best seed-heads, the ones /those that had the best color. (该句中the ones代替事物, 并且也可以用those)

5. one一般有前置修饰语, 有时也可有后置修饰语或不用修饰语。而 that不能有前置修饰语, 但可有后置修饰语。

Cook was a strict but good captain, one who took good care of his sailors. The water in the well is cleaner than that in the river.

6. it可以替代句中的不定式或从句等, 充当形式主语或形式宾语。one与that均无此用法。

It is known to everybody that the moon travels around the earth once every month.

I found it hard to get on with her.

7. it与that均可以替代上文全句的内容或部分内容, 而one /ones则不可以。 He has saved my life; I'll never forget it. (it代替第一分句)

Tom is painting his house. I am told he does it every four years. (it代替前面分句的部分内容painting his house)

Let's say we meet here at three o'clock. That ought to give you time to buy everything. (That代替前面表述的内容)

[相关练习]

1. Mr Zhang gave the textbooks to all the pupils except _____ who had already taken them.

A. the ones B. ones C. some D. the others

2. I find _____ easy enough to get on with Pam.

A. that B. this C. one D. it

3. If I can stop her coming to you, I shall do_____.

A. those B. which C. these D. it

4. I haven't a pen. Can you lend me_____?

A. these B. those C. them D. one

5. _____ is necessary that I get the text of my revision typed.

A. There B. This C. That D. It

6. I took _____ for granted that you would stay with us.

A. it B. that C. these D. them

7. Few pleasures can equal _____ of a cool drink on a hot day.

A. some B. any C. that D. those

8. Of all my old friends, the only _____ I saw much of was Betty.

A. it B. that C. one D. this

Key: 1—8ADDDDACC

篇三:定语从句中THE ONE

定语从句中THE ONE该怎么用?

㈠Is this museum ___you visited that day?

Is this the museum ____you visited that day?

A. where B. that C. which D .the one

㈡The book I bought last week is not the same ___I borrowed from the library.

The book I bought last week is quite different from ___I borrowed from the library.

A .like B. which C. as D. the one

1. 这样的题目我们可以先把它变成肯定句,然后看句子成分 this museum is _____you visited that day?

从句子结构看,is 后边缺少表语,而visit 后边缺少宾语,这样这个句子很显然是缺少两个成分,you visited that day很显然是做定于从句,所以前边要有中心词,这个中心词应该是the museum, 因为前边已经出现了,所以用the one 来代替,作the musuem得同位语,同时作为you visited that day的中心词

而第二句话因为句式有区别:this is the museum that you visited that day ,所以已经有the museum 做表语和中心词,所以选that /which 又因为做宾语,所以也可以省略,什么都不填

2、因为the same 用在定语从句中时,一般都是跟as 连用,所以第一个选as

第二个句子的分析句子成分,跟第一题的第一个是一样的,先要有名

词作from的宾语,然后这个宾语作为后边定语从句的中心词,所以答案选the one

一直弄不清楚定语或同位语从句中the one 和one 做关系词时的用法,

拿几到题来说吧~

1. Is this factory____you visited last year? 应填the one.

2. Ms.Claire is a strict but kind teacher,____who,usually,is popular with her students.

应填one.

不是说名词前不加the时,就用the one么,再看下题

Is this hotel____offered you a job where you stayed the first time you arrived here? 为何不能填the one? 谁能给个详细的解释和总结?the one不属于关系代词呀~ 还能应导定语从句???? 疑惑中......

首先,你举的第三个例子的答案就是错误的,你可以对比第一句和第三句:

1。 Is this factory the one you visited last year ?

3。 Is this hotel ____offered you a job .....?

两句的开头都是一样的,都是this 和紧跟的那个词合起来做了句子的主语。1句用 了the one ,3句为什麽不能用呢?

只是这里需要明确一下,1、3句中都使用the one ,但是两个the

one 在句中作的成分是不同的。

1句中是省去了关系代词which 的定语从句,因为which 在定语从句中是做宾语的,是可以省略的

3句中的关系代词是不能省的。来看一下完整句:

Is this hotel the one which \that offered you a job ....?

显然which 在定语从句中是作主语的,主语是不能像做宾语一样省略的。 所以,第三句话是可以、而且也必须用the one 的(这个原因我已经在你提出的“英语单选”问题中解释过了,建议和那个解释一起来看,会有助于你理解)

只是你的the one 后面需要加上关系代词which \that .

所以你说得没错,the one 当然是不能引导定于从句的了,即使有时看不到先行词,那也是因为先行词在从句中作了宾语成分而可以省略的缘故

至于第2句,是个同位语从句,用one 来代替前面的名词,是固有的结构,是不能再前面加上the 的

希望我回答的两个问题你能合起来看,相信你会理解的,所以希望我的答案能让你满意。相信我吧,英语知识方面的问题,我没有把握是不会回答的,我的答案绝对是正确的,因为我上高三就经常给同学解答这个问题!!! 定语从句中的WHICH 和 THE ONE怎么区分?

各分什么情况用呢? 还是举个定从的例子吧!

1.Is this the factory _ you visited the other day?

A.which B.where C.when D.the one

2.Is this factory _ some foreign friends visited last Friday?

A.that B.where C.which D.the one

当你束手无策时,别管其他,现把它变成陈述句

1.this is the factory 可以看出句子已经完整

然后我们看从句 visited 后面缺宾语吧,然后就可以填that/which

2.主句this factory is缺宾语,从句visited后面也缺宾语吧 这个句子缺两个宾语哦!不能填一个which就打发了它

主句的宾语是some foreign friend visited ....

用that 来代替,那么从句的宾语只能用the one,加起来就是that the one。which 也可以代表多项的

eg: A group of men which was suppose arrive....

the one 只能代表单个

eg: The one that was suppose to arrive...

两个也可以一起用:

He was the one which was suppose to arrive ...

is this factory( )we visited last year?

A.which B.the one C./ D.where

本题应该选B.the one作定语从句we visited last year的定语从句,the one的后面省略了引导定语从句的关系代词that,因为that作及物动词visited的宾语。this factory是句子的主语,这里不能用作定语从句的先行词,因此不能选A或C.

篇四:认识The ONE

认识The ONE

本学期开始做真正意义上的研究,主要方向为wireless and mobile network,VANET。之前一直在看paper,现在由于任务需求,需要尽早把一些科研工具学透,包括模拟器,建模解模工具以及非常重要的python,一切都是新东西,只能边学边实践,并尽可能提高效率,尽量地往前赶。

今天第一次接触one这个模拟器,关于MN的模拟器有很多,之前有接触过NS2和NS3,NS2是一款开源的免费软件,用C++外加tcl脚本语言所写,对于一般的场景已经足够,主要用于模拟MANET,对于拓扑动态变化的场景适应不是很好,非常不稳定,如VANET,另外,如果仿真的节点过多,速度会非常慢。此外,仿真的脚本用tcl来写,除了对C++精通外,还要下功夫了解。

NS3,并不是NS2的升级版,用C++语言所写,外加一些脚本优化模块,用python所写,python是世界上效率最高的语言(Bruce大师所讲),在NS3中,新增了802.11协议的很多模块,而且对物理层中MAC层和PHY层做了相当的优化,仿真速度更快而且占用内存更少,目前不支持GUI,听说正在开发,但由于没有GUI,反而减少了仿真的限制,可以自定义节点的数量和通信的接口,更加的灵活,另外一点简单易学,但需要熟悉python,仿真的脚本部分要用python来写。

本来之前一直在学NS3,但和学长交流后,他建议我学ONE,ONE也是一款开源免费的,不过是用java所写的DTN网络模拟器,使用于任何DTN的环境的路由协议和应用研究分析。它具有面向对象,离散事件驱动、可以模拟真实网络环境的特点。ONE在单个框架中具有模拟分析多种DTN协议的能力,并且不像其他DTN模拟器那样只是关注于路由的模拟,它将移动模型、DTN路由和可视化的图形界面整合为一体。这样ONE就非常容易进行扩展,并可以提供大量的结果报告和分析模型,以便后期做进一步的数据分析和模拟。

此外,还有一些模拟器,如OMNeT++(类似于ns2)和DTN 路由(如dtnsim and dtnsim2),前者缺乏对DTN很好的支持,而后者只是集中在路由的模拟。另外,还有一款商业的网络仿真软件OPNET,功能很强大,可以仿真基本上所有的网络,如以太网、无线网络等等。因为是商业软件,所以它的图形界面做的很好,并且带有各种分析工具,提供了大量的网络设备模型,用户可以直接使用这些模型进行仿真,同时也可以自己建立进程、节点和网络进行仿真,最后根据自己的仿真结果分析问题,提出改进意见。但由于是商业的,缺点就是价格很贵,而且模块的更新很慢。

1、下面主要对今天所看的有关ONE的相关资料进行总结,并巩固相关知识点:

reference:

【1】The ONE Simulator for DTN Protocol Evaluation

【2】Opportunistic Network Environment simulator

【3】homepage:http://www.netlab.tkk.fi/tutkimus/dtn/theone/可以下载软件和源码

首先,从整体上把握ONE的基本框架,如下图:

从图上可以看出,在ONE中,一个模拟环境包含节点的移动模拟,路由模拟,可视化的界面以及消息报告模块。移动模型可以通过整合的移动模块产生,也可以通过外部的接口人工导入,模拟产生的消息事件可以导出到报告模块做进一步分析。

节点移动行为通过movement models实现,软件已经整合了六种移动模型,详见【2】,当然也可以自定义自己的移动模型,定义的方法有两种,一种方法通过外部收集的trace集进行导入,trace

集有严格的数据格式(比如节点位置(GPS),buffer size,速度等),CARWDAD网站中收集了各种移动模型的真实场景的数据。另外一种方法通过一个外部模块接口实现。路由功能通过routing modular实现,同样,ONE已经定义了六种路由模型,详见【2】,这六种路由模型皆为active routing,为了与外部的其他DTN路由模拟器的路由模型(如dtnsim)交互,或是方便自定义自己的路由算法,ONE特意设定了一个passive routing接口,如此,方便了ONE路由模型的扩展。路由模块主要负责消息的传送,包括消息的copy,relay,receive,abort等事件。消息事件的产生则由event generator负责。模拟的结果作为输出事件通过simulation engine输入到report modular中做进一步分析处理,处理结果再进一步被外部的post-processing tools处理,产生关于本次模拟的统计信息,这些信息可以通过作图工具(如Graphviz和gnuplot)直观地显示出来。另外,GUI可以显示出整个模拟的场景和节点的状态信息,如:位置,相遇时间,信息携带者,信息传送的量等。

各个模块详细记录了当前操作的状态,模块之间通过bus进行通信,共享各模块相互操作的结果。如节点移动模块可以根据路由模块的状态改变它的移动行为,反过来,路由模块可以基于节点移动模块中的相遇时间调整通信的参数。

2、下面对软件框架的各个部分进行简单的说明和整理:

Software architecture

首先,软件各个模块的package,以及它们之间的交互显示如下:

每个模块分别对应上面的体系结构,其实现都是继承至一个基类,然后进行自身模块的扩展,core package实现了DTN主机以及它们之间的连接关系;gui package实现和GUI相关的类,playfield package是它的一个子类,负责整个界面的中央部分,ui实现了与用户交互的接口类和基于文本的console 接口(传说中的黑框,ONE中也作为模拟界面,名为patch);routing实现

篇五:the_one_against_the_many_翻译

The one against many 翻译

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