may,j,lee,资料

篇一：Lee

罗伯特·爱德华·李（Robert

Edward Lee 1807年1月19日—1870年10月12日），美国职业军人，为南北战争期间联盟国最出色的将军。他最终以总司令的身份指挥联盟国军队。如同古代的汉尼拔（Hannibal）与二战时期赫赫有名的沙漠之狐埃尔文·隆美尔（Erwin Rommel）一样，其以寡击众以少胜多但最终不敌的情势为他赢得长久的名声。战后，他积极推动重建，在其生命的最后数年成为进步的大学校长。李将军维持着联盟国代表象征及重要教育家的形象至今。

早年生涯与事业

罗伯特·爱德华·李出生于弗吉尼亚州威斯特摩兰县的Stratford Hall Plantation，为独立战争英雄亨利·李（Henry Lee）（绰号轻骑兵哈利）与安·希尔·李（Anne Hill (née Carter) Lee）的第四子。他

在1825年入学美国军事学院（United States Military Academy），并于1829年在46名同学中以第二名的成绩毕业。不仅在校成绩顶尖，他同时也是该校第一个（至目前为止也是唯一的一个）完美无缺的毕业生。 李将军其后曾驻防于乔治亚州考克斯珀岛

（Cockspur Island）上的普拉斯基堡(Fort Pulaski)七个月。1831年，他转调至维吉尼亚州的（Fort Monroe）担任助理工程师。

驻扎该地期间，他与马莎·华盛顿（Martha Washington）的曾孙女玛丽·安娜·伦道夫·蒄提斯·李（Mary Anna Randolph Custis Lee，1808年–1873年）结褵于其父母位于华盛顿特区对面的住处，阿灵顿之屋（Arlington House）。他们共有三子四女：George Washington Custis Lee、William Henry Fitzhugh Lee、Robert Edward、Mary、Annie、Agnes、与Mildred。

工兵生涯

李将军于美墨战争期间(1846年–1848年)表现卓越超群。他当时在由(Veracruz)推进至墨西哥市的过程中，是温菲尔德·史考特(Winfield Scott)的主要助手之一。身为幕僚的他以个人侦搜促成了美军多场胜仗。他找出了数条可用的攻击路线，墨军犹以为这些路线无法穿越而未加防守。

他于1847年四月的塞罗戈多战役(Battle of Cerro Gordo)后升为少校。他曾参与的战役有康崔拉斯(Contreras)、楚鲁巴斯科之役(Battle of

Churubusco)、以及夏布尔特佩克之役(Battle of Chapultepec)。他在此役中负伤。战争结束后擢升为中校。

美墨战争之后，他驻防于巴尔的摩港的卡洛堡(Fort Carroll)三年。其后于1852年成为西点军校校长。在西点的三年中，他改善了校园内的建筑与课程，并付出时间与官校生相处。其长子George Washington Custis Lee于其任内入学西点军校，并在1854年以第一名的成绩毕业。

1855年，奉调至第二骑兵队开赴德州前线，协助保护当地移民免受与卡曼契族印地安人的攻击。那一阵子并不是李感到称心如意的日子。他不喜欢长期远离家人，尤其时当他的妻子病重。李只能尽可能的经常回家探视。

1859年，当约翰·布朗(John Brown )于维吉尼亚州的哈普斯渡口(Harpers Ferry)(今位于西维吉尼亚)发动突袭时，李正好人在华盛顿。于是奉命逮捕布朗并重建秩序。他迅速达成任务并返回德州的驻地。当德州于1861年脱离联邦时，李奉召至华盛顿待命。 身为奴隶主

身为维吉尼亚上流社会成员，李终身与接触密切，但他名下拥有的奴隶未曾多于半打。实际上，在于维吉尼亚石桥郡(Rockbridge County)的记载中重新发现其1846年的遗嘱前，未能确知其名下是否拥有任何奴隶。其遗嘱内容为在他去世时解放一名叫做Nancy的女奴及其子女。

然而，当李的岳父George Washington Parke Custis于1857年十月去世时，李经由于执行其遗嘱，自妻方获得了可观的房产，并有权暂时支配63名奴隶，包含男女及小孩。依Custis遗嘱所言，自其去世起的五年内，在“遗嘱执行人自视最为得当时”解放这些奴隶。

Custis的遗嘱于1857年12月7日认证。虽然Robert Lee Randolph、Right Reverend William Meade、与George Washington Peter与李共为遗嘱执行人，但另三人不符资格，所以仅剩李一人单独负责结算房产及支配Custis的奴隶。李发觉自己需要资金来清偿其岳父所遗留的债务，及修缮所继承的房产。于是，尽管遗嘱提供奴隶们在“遗嘱执行人自视最为得当时”得到解放的机会，他仍决定充分利用遗嘱所给予的五年支配权，雇用这些奴隶们到邻近的农场以及有更多工作机会的维吉尼亚东部去工作，以资获利。这项决定使Custis的奴隶们感到不满，他们曾被告知在Custis去世后即可获得自由。

1859年，这群奴隶中的三名－Wesley Norris、他的姐妹Mary、及他们的一名表亲－逃到北方。纽约论坛报(New York Tribune)收到两封(日期为 June 19与 June 21)的匿名信。这两封信基于传闻与1866年全国反蓄奴规范(National Anti-Slavery Standard)所印行的Wesley Norris的访谈记录，声称Norris等人在距宾州边界数哩处遭捕获，并送回给李，遭李施以鞭刑并以浓盐水擦拭伤痕累累的背部。他们在行刑后被迫到维吉尼亚的里士满工作，后又被转送至阿拉巴马。Wesley Norris在1863年1月于该州潜越战线至北军所控制的区域而获得自由。

李于1862年秋，五年期满后，释放Custis的其余奴隶。

篇二：英语研讨会材料整理

英语教学研讨会会议材料

一、在教学中如何进行教学反思

（一）什么是反思？

1．所谓?反思?，顾名思义可以解释为：?思考过去的事情，从中总结经验教训?。

而对于我们教师来说，反思就是教师以自身或他人的教育教学实践活动为思考对象，以现代教育理论为指导，对教育决策、教育行为、教育现象以及由此所产生的结果等进行审视和分析的过程。

2．所谓反思教学，就是观察教师本人在教室里做什么，考虑为什么这样做，以及这样做是否奏效的过程。也可以说是教师自我观察、自我评价的过程。

反思性教学不仅仅是回忆或回顾已有的教学活动和教学行为，而是要通过教学主体的不断探究、质疑，找到其中的问题和答案，审慎的考虑教学实践并不断矫正不正确的教学行为，合理的进行自我评价，追求教学实践合理性，指导未来的教学行为，使自身的教学具有发展的价值、创造的价值和自我实现的价值，使自我经验型的教师发展成为学者型的教师的过程。

（二）反思的过程、内容和方法

1．反思性教学是教师专业发展的特定途径。科顿和斯巴克斯---兰格于1993年对反思的过程提出了一个教师反思

的框架，即：

明确问题———收集资料———分析资料———建立理论假设———实施行动五个步骤。

2．反思的内容：① 可以说是无所不包的 ；② 凡是与专业教学有关的内容皆可以作反思，如： 教学信念、教学策略、实践习惯、课堂管理、学生学习和沟通技巧。

3．反思教学的四个相应阶段：① 描述（Describing） ② 领悟（Informing）（诠释）③ 正规（Confronting）④ 改造（Reconstructing）

4. 反思教学实施的三个方面：① 反思性计划：包括备课和预习两方面；② 反思性教学：包括授课和听课两方面；③ 反思性评价即授课后的情况。5．反思教学的五个功能：① 提升解决教学问题的能力；② 拓展专业知识的运用； ③ 推行学习型组织发展；④ 激励个人及组织发展；⑤ 缩短理论与实践的距离（espoused theory vs theory-in-practice）。

6．反思教学的方式：西方学者布鲁巴赫（J.W.Bru- bacher）等人提出了四种反思方法供参考：① 写反思日记；② 观摩和分析；③ 职业发展；④ 行动研究。

① 反思日记是教师在完成一天的教学工作后对自己教学经验或体会所做的笔记，由其他教师尤其是指导教师共同进行评析。

a. 反思日记写什么？（5个方面）

b. 写那些方面？（课程目标方面、学生方面、课堂管理方面、活动和资料方面）

② 观摩和分析是教师之间的互相听课、评课并互相交换意见。（包括：听课、评课、录课、录音、学生反馈）

③ 职业发展实际是指教师就教学的问题进行探讨，共同寻找解决方法，并以此指导实践，同时共享有效的教学经验，从而促进整个教师队伍的专业发展。

④ 行动研究是教师为解决教学中具体的问题而进行的调查研究。

以上这四种反思的方法并非完全独立，由于都具有分析的特性，他们实际上是相互联系的，教师在反思过程中可以综合地加以应用。

（三）反思的态度

教师应持什么态度才能把反思教学做得好？有以下三个方面：

① 开放的态度 （Open--mindedness ）

② 有责任感 （Responsibility）

③ 全心全意 （Whole--heartedness）

(四) 反思的作用

① 反思性教学能促进教师积极主动的探究教学问题。 ② 反思性教学有助于教师成为研究者。

③ 反思性教学有利于增强教师的道德感，提高教师的教学水平。

（以上内容可参考课件）

二、初中英语教学课堂用语的分类和使用

初中和小学有着密切的联系，小学和初中的衔接问题是我们现在应认真考虑的问题。而初中、小学的课堂用语也相差无几。课堂教学用语是教师组织课堂教学活动时所使用的语言，是成功课堂教学的保证之一。教师课堂教学语言的质量在某种意义上是教师基本素质的缩影。教师在使用课堂教学用语时应注意使用策略，要注意体现?人本性?，注重学生的情感因素。

教师的课堂教学用语从教学功能上可分为五大类：1．招呼/问候语 2．提问语 3．反馈语 4．指示/演示语 5．告别语。

1．招呼/问候语

教师的课堂教学实际上从其走进教室的那一刻起就开始了。A good beginning makes a good ending. 一个好的开端对于一堂课来说非常重要。教师主动、友好地同学生打招呼，不仅可以唤起学生的注意力，使其为开始上课作好准备，还可以创造一个平等、和谐、愉快的学习氛围, 以保证课堂教学的顺利进行。

参考用语：

Hi! Good morning/ afternoon.

Good morning/afternoon, class./boys and girls. It’s so nice/I’m so happy to see you again. Good , you look great/ wonderful today.

How are you doing?

How’s it going？

You look so happy, any good news?

OK, class/ boys and girls , are you ready to have class/begin?

(Instead of saying: ?You?)

May I know your name?

(That’s a nice name.)

Could you tell me your name, please?

(You’ve got a beautiful name. I really like it. ) Shall we begin our lesson now?

Let’s start our class, shall we?

2．提问语

教师在提问时态度和声音要和蔼、可亲。提问语的使用要注意体现对学生的尊重, 不要让学生感到紧张，有压力。注意提问语的使用策略可减轻学生的学习焦虑情绪，保护学生的学习积极性。

参考用语：

篇三：石墨烯文献

1、 Free-Standing Hierarchically Sandwich-Type Tungsten Disulfide Nanotubes/Graphene

Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries（独立的分层三明治型WS2纳米管与石墨烯复合型锂离子电池阳极材料）

Renjie Chen, Teng Zhao, Weiping Wu, Feng Wu, Li Li, Ji Qian, Rui Xu,Huiming Wu, Hassan M. Albishri, A. S. Al-Bogami, Deia Abd El-Hady, Jun Lu, and Khalil Amine

Nano Lett., 2014, 14 (10), pp 5899–5904

Publication Date (Web): August 27, 2014 (Letter) DOI: 10.1021/nl502848z

2、Graphene Nanoribbon/V2O5 Cathodes in Lithium-IonBatteries（石墨烯纳米带与V2O5复合锂离子电池阴极）

Yang Yang, Lei Li, Huilong Fei, Zhiwei Peng, Gedeng Ruan, and James M.Tour

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2014, 6 (12), pp 9590–9594 Publication Date (Web): May 20, 2014 (Research Article)

DOI: 10.1021/am501969m

3、（锂离子电池用石墨烯/TiO2复合材料的无定形界面中Li存储研究）

Enzuo Liu, Jiamei Wang, Chunsheng Shi, Naiqin Zhao, Chunnian He, JiajunLi, and Jian-Zhong Jiang ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2014, 6 (20), pp 18147–18151

Publication Date (Web): September 23, 2014 (Research Article)

DOI: 10.1021/am5050423

4、（在石墨烯上生长用于锂离子电池的碳包覆介孔TiO2纳米晶） Zehui Zhang, Ludan Zhang, Wei Li, Aishui Yu, and Peiyi Wu

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2015, 7 (19), pp 10395–10400 Publication Date (Web): April 30, 2015 (Research Article)

DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b01450

5、（在石墨烯纳米带上生长用于全锂离子电池的SnS2纳米盘）

Caitian Gao, Lei Li, Abdul-Rahman O. Raji, Anton Kovalchuk, Zhiwei Peng,Huilong Fei, Yongmin He, Nam Dong Kim, Qifeng Zhong, Erqing Xie, andJames M. Tour

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2015, 7 (48), pp 26549–26556

Publication Date (Web): November 12, 2015 (Research Article) DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b07768

6、（用于提高锂离子电池的容量和稳定性的Si-Mn/还原氧化石墨烯纳米复合阴极材料）

A Reum Park, Jung Sub Kim, Kwang Su Kim, Kan Zhang, Juhyun Park, Jong Hyeok Park, Joong Kee Lee, and Pil J. Yoo

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2014, 6 (3), pp 1702–1708

Publication Date (Web): January 20, 2014 (Research Article)

DOI: 10.1021/am404608d

7、（用于锂离子电池阴极材料的树枝状石墨烯纳米胶囊材料）

Chuangang Hu, Lingxiao Lv, Jiangli Xue, Minghui Ye, Lixia Wang, andLiangti Qu

Chem. Mater., 2015, 27 (15), pp 5253–5260

Publication Date (Web): July 14, 2015 (Article)

DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b01398

8（用于锂离子电池、具有优异的电化学性能的三维多孔石墨烯-Li2FeSiO4复合阳极材料） Hai Zhu, Xiaozhen Wu, Ling Zan, and Youxiang Zhang

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2014, 6 (14), pp 11724–11733 Publication Date (Web): June 25, 2014 (Research Article)

DOI: 10.1021/am502408m

9（用于高容量锂离子电池的氟掺杂SnO2@石墨烯多孔复合材料）

Jinhua Sun, Linhong Xiao, Shidong Jiang, Guoxing Li, Yong Huang, andJianxin Geng Chem. Mater., 2015, 27 (13), pp 4594–4603

Publication Date (Web): June 16, 2015 (Article)

DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b00885

10、（用于柔性锂离子电池集流体的具有高电导率独立石墨烯薄膜）

Kuldeep Rana, Jyoti Singh, Jeong-Taik Lee, Jong Hyeok Park, and Jong-Hyun Ahn

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2014, 6 (14), pp 11158–11166

Publication Date (Web): April 23, 2014 (Research Article)

DOI: 10.1021/am500996c

11、Graphene as an Interfacial Layer for Improving Cycling Performance of Si Nanowires in Lithium-Ion Batteries（石墨烯作为界面层提高锂离子电池用Si纳米线的循环性能） Fan Xia, Sunsang Kwon, Won Woo Lee, Zhiming Liu, Suhan Kim, TaeseupSong, Kyoung Jin Choi, Ungyu Paik, and Won Il Park

Nano Lett., 2015, 15 (10), pp 6658–6664 Publication Date (Web): September 11, 2015 (Letter)

DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02482

12（用催化辅助自组装法制备用于高能量型锂离子电池的嵌有石墨烯的LiFePO4的阳极材料）

WonKeun Kim, WonHee Ryu, DongWook Han, SungJin Lim, JiYong Eom, and HyukSang Kwon

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2014, 6 (7), pp 4731–4736 Publication Date (Web): March 12, 2014 (Research Article)

DOI: 10.1021/am405335k

13、（在石墨烯上原位生长微孔TiO2纳米晶以用于高效光催化和锂离子电池）

Bocheng Qiu, Mingyang Xing, and Jinlong Zhang

J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2014, 136 (16), pp 5852–5855

Publication Date (Web): April 8, 2014 (Communication)

DOI: 10.1021/ja500873u

14（在中空微米球上制备氮掺杂多孔石墨烯机器用于锂离子电池的活性电极中） Zhong-Jie Jiang and Zhongqing Jiang

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2014, 6 (21), pp 19082–19091 Publication Date (Web): October 13, 2014 (Research Article)

DOI: 10.1021/am5050604

15、（用于高倍率锂离子电池的具有自密实的阴极材料：生长弹性a-Si纳米颗粒的石墨烯） Minseong Ko, Sujong Chae, Sookyung Jeong, Pilgun Oh, and Jaephil Cho

ACS Nano, 2014, 8 (8), pp 8591–8599 Publication Date (Web): July 31, 2014 (Article)

DOI: 10.1021/nn503294z

16、（用于高倍率超长循环寿命Li-S电池的氮掺杂石墨烯） Yongcai Qiu, Wanfei Li, Wen Zhao, Guizhu Li, Yuan Hou, Meinan Liu, LishaZhou, Fangmin Ye, Hongfei Li, Zhanhua Wei, Shihe Yang, Wenhui Duan,Yifan Ye, Jinghua Guo, and Yuegang Zhang

Nano Lett., 2014, 14 (8), pp 4821–4827 Publication Date (Web): July 29, 2014 (Letter)

DOI: 10.1021/nl5020475

18、（一种用于锂离子电池的具有高性能阴极材料：磷和氮双共掺杂少层多孔石墨烯）

Xinlong Ma, Guoqing Ning, Chuanlei Qi, Chenggen Xu, and Jinsen Gao

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2014, 6 (16), pp 14415–14422 Publication Date (Web): August 8, 2014 (Research Article)

DOI: 10.1021/am503692g

19、（一种基于石墨烯阴极和LiFePO4阳极的先进锂离子电池） Jusef Hassoun, Francesco Bonaccorso, Marco Agostini, Marco Angelucci,Maria

Grazia Betti, Roberto Cingolani, Mauro Gemmi, Carlo Mariani,Stefania Panero, Vittorio Pellegrini,

and Bruno Scrosati

Nano Lett., 2014, 14 (8), pp 4901–4906 Publication Date (Web): July 15, 2014 (Letter)

DOI: 10.1021/nl502429m

20、2（石墨烯上原位生长超小TiO2纳米颗粒复合材料用作钠/锂离子电池阴极材料）

Huiqiao Liu, Kangzhe Cao, Xiaohong Xu, Lifang Jiao, Yijing Wang, andHuatang Yuan

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2015, 7 (21), pp 11239–11245

Publication Date (Web): May 12, 2015 (Research Article)

DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b02724

21、（用于高可逆Li存储的类三明治石墨烯基混合薄膜的常用制备方法） Xiongwu Zhong, Zhenzhong Yang, Xiaowu Liu, Jiaqing Wang, Lin Gu, andYan Yu

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2015, 7 (33), pp 18320–18326

Publication Date (Web): August 10, 2015 (Research Article)

DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b03942

22、（一种离子自组装法制备用于提高Li存储的类三明治型纳米片：石墨烯/SnO2/石墨烯）

Jinzuan Wang, Ping Liu, Yanshan Huang, Jianzhong Jiang, Sheng Han, Dongqing Wu and Xinliang Feng

RSC Adv., 2014,4, 57869-57874

DOI: 10.1039/C4RA10573G, Paper

23、3D porous hybrids of defect-rich MoS2/graphene nanosheets with excellent electrochemical performance as anode materials for lithium ion batteries（锂离子电池用具有优异的电化学性能的三维多孔复合阴极材料：具有大量缺陷的MoS2/石墨烯纳米片）

Longsheng Zhang, Wei Fan, Weng Weei Tjiu and Tianxi Liu

RSC Adv., 2015,5, 34777-34787

DOI: 10.1039/C5RA04391C, Paper

24、（用于电化学能量存储的Nb2O5/石墨烯纳米复合材料）

Paulraj Arunkumar, Ajithan G. Ashish, Binson Babu, Som Sarang, Abhin Suresh, Chithra H. Sharma, Madhu Thalakulam and Manikoth M. Shaijumon

RSC Adv., 2015,5, 59997-60004

DOI: 10.1039/C5RA07895D, Paper

25、Green synthesis of 3D SnO2/graphene aerogels and their application in lithium-ion batteries（绿色合成3DSnO2/石墨烯气凝胶机器在锂离子电池中的应用）

Chen Gong, Yongquan Zhang, Mingguang Yao, Yingjin Wei, Quanjun Li, Bo Liu, Ran Liu, Zhen Yao, Tian Cui, Bo Zou and Bingbing Liu

RSC Adv., 2015,5, 39746-39751

DOI: 10.1039/C5RA05711F, Paper

26、Electrochemical lithium storage of a ZnFe2O4/graphene nanocomposite as an anode material for rechargeable lithium ion batterie（可充电锂离子电池阴极材料ZnFe2O4/石墨烯纳米复合材料的电化学Li存储）

Alok Kumar Rai, Sungjin Kim, Jihyeon Gim, Muhammad Hilmy Alfaruqi, Vinod Mathew and Jaekook Kim

RSC Adv., 2014,4, 47087-47095

DOI: 10.1039/C4RA08414D, Paper

27、（用于高倍率锂离子电池的在石墨烯片上生长TiO2纳米管的阴极材料）

32、（通过多层石墨烯包覆和电解液添加剂的协同效应来控制锂枝晶的生长）

Joo-Seong Kim, Dae Woo Kim, Hee Tae Jung, and Jang Wook Choi

Chem. Mater., 2015, 27 (8), pp 2780–2787

Publication Date (Web): March 26, 2015 (Article)

DOI: 10.1021/cm503447u

33、4（自组装具有高倍率容量的石墨烯和LiFePO4复合材料用于锂离子电池） Wen-Bin Luo, Shu-Lei Chou, Yu-Chun Zhai and Hua-Kun Liu

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2014,2, 4927-4931

DOI: 10.1039/C3TA14471B, Paper

34、（石墨烯增强碳包覆TiO2纳米颗粒用于锂离子电池）

Zhongtao Li, Guiliang Wu, Dong Liu, Wenting Wu, Bo Jiang, Jingtang Zheng, Yanpeng Li, Junhua Li and Mingbo Wu

篇四：龚帅杰 外文翻译

外文： Long-distance supervisory system data terminal research Based on GPRS

1 introduction

With the development of computer technology, Internet technology is particularly extensive and in-depth various aspects of people's lives. make people's lives has undergone a profound change.As industrial areas, because of the need to control areas, monitoring of a wide range of objects, hence the need to spend a lot of manpower, material and financial resources for equipment maintenance. Moreover, there are many adverse conditions, it is not easy to stay the occasional moment of arrival or not some field data collection. If the amount of wiring work it is not the economy, is unreasonable. This has helped wireless communications technology development in the field of remote monitoring.

GPRS (General Packet Radio Service), as the existing GSM network evolution of the transition to the third generation mobile communication technology for (2.5G), with rapid access, always online, so by the flowmeter features Remote real-time data transmission in a sudden unmatched advantages.

2 GPRS technology

GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) is based on the GSM mobile network systems, the use of packet switching technology, compatible with GSM, and high-speed data transmission networks, GPRS in the GSM network to introduce a traditional three new components : PCU (Packet Control Unit, a control unit). SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node. GPRS service node support) and GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node. Gateway GPRS support node) with the following characteristics :

The high utilization rate of resources to the introduction of the GPRS packet switching mode of transmission, Only users send or receive data only during the occupation of resources This means that many users share the same wireless communications and high efficiency, thereby increasing the utilization of resources. GSM

circuit switched data transmission methods and models for the entire link period, Whether users transmit data alone will occupy Channel. GPRS Billing users by the flow of data communications for the accounting standards.

GPRS data transmission speed of high-speed transmission 57.6KB/s. the highest attainable 115-117.2kb/s fully meet user needs.

Access to wait for a short time GPRS access time is short, fast connectivity, the average 2s.

Online users will provide real-time line and on-line at the initial state, which will visit service is very simple and rapid.

GPRS supports IP and X.25 support of the most widely used Internet IP and X . 25 agreement, but because of GSM network coverage, makes GPRS will provide Internet and other wireless access to a global network.

GPRS features can be seen from the above, the GPRS network is particularly suited to the frequent small-volume data transmission.

Industry Remote Data Acquisition System is a relatively small volume of data typical of the real-time frequency transmission system.

3 System Design

3.1 system structure

Overall system structure like chart 1 shows.

Serial or user terminal equipment to connect to GPRS wireless data terminals, and

then labeled as

IP packet data. GPRS air interface to access through GPRS network Gateway Routing and eventually arrived at through various data centers.

3.2 terminals hardware design

GPRS data terminal hardware modular design, include the data-processing module, remote communication module. analog-digital conversion module and display module,

the system structure is shown in figure 2.

Data processing module contains AT89C55[3], X25045 two chips, AT89C55 for dealing with long-range communication modules, analog / digital converter module and the module data transmission. To ensure that data will not be lost restart. Serial E2PROM X25045 device used for data storage.

Remote Communication module includes GPRS module and SIM Serial Module MAX3238 three parts. SIEMENS GPRS wireless module using the MC35[4]GPRS module Its function is to connect the data with an antenna or through an order to launch, the data transmission or reception Remote Monitoring Center. to receive further information or to order corresponding to the agreement, sent through MAX3238 single chip processor, MX3238 starting level conversion and serial communication function Due to the absorption method is the GPRS network, data transmission, it is indispensable to the SIM. function is to store data in a safe condition and complete customer

information and customer identification authentication encryption algorithm as a whole. Analog-digital conversion module of the analog signal processing functions will be converted to digital, microprocessor as information sources AD0832 chip circuit design using the chip as the analog-digital conversion. AD0832 first converted into analog signals into digital, and then sent T89C55 chips and handling.

When the module is mainly on account management staff to inspect the scene, they can facilitate real-time understanding of the situation. management system using a special keyboard and LED display, intelligent control HD7279A. HD7279A processor uses serial interface, the interface circuit and the external circuit -- simple. I occupied lines, only 4, with low cost and high performance.

3.3 Terminal Software Design

Data terminals must possess the following basic functions : automatic download the GPRS network. Automatic data centers to the SIM IMSI and its dynamic IP address for data transmission.

3.3.1 Serial Driver

Data terminal is due to the MCU. Serial communication must begin from the bottom GPRS download and eventually achieve data transmission. Serial opened Serial Driver (Open Comm) closed Serial (Close Comm) Reading serial data (Read Comm), wrote to the serial data (Write Comm) interrupt (Interrupt UartRxISR).

3.3.2 download GPRS network

AT command set to support GPRS Modem its initialization, initialization can be successful for dial-up connections. GPRS and dial-up modem initialization process is as follows :

AT+IPR=38400;

4003rd regard for the Baud Rate Setting 38400b/s, default values for 9600b/s.

AT+CGCLASS= "B";

4003rd mobile terminals for the B category, with GSM and GPRS Internet voice function, However, they can not use that can automatically switch..

AT+CGDCONT=1, "IP", "CMNET";

4003rd installed GPRS Access Gateway, Modem return "310D" said initialization successful.

Send "ATDT*99***1#" If Modem return "310D" said successfully connected GPR S network.

3.3.3 Network consultation

GGSN and Modem Communication followed with PPP. After the first modem dial-up communication links with the GGSN for consultations that the point-to-point communication link for the distribution of the parameters, the process followed LCP, PAP, CHAP. IPCP other agreements, LCP for the establishment, structure, testing Link Connection. PAP or CHAP for handling password verification ;IPCP part of the agreement for the establishment of network protocol environment. and distributed IP addresses. Modem will receive its data input terminal for the allocation of IP address fields. Data terminals to the data center configuration data frame transmission, this IMSI and its dynamic IP address. Data center storage to the information received, as under the downlink data from the contact information.

3.3.4 transmissions data

Gateway GPRS time to finish the consultation process .

4 Conclusion

Remote monitoring technology in the field of industrial control applications are extensive, in the power system. Network ignite oil investigation, irrigation, transportation and other areas has a very important role, using GPRS wireless technology makes real-time monitoring system reliability has been greatly improved. Intelligent Monitoring System to further promote the industrial and information technology.

篇五：英语学习资料

21------I hear you ____ in apub .what’sit like?

------Well ,it’s very hand work and I’m always tired , but I don’t mind.

A.are working

D.will be working

22．The fact that so many people still smoke in public place

_______that we may need antionwide campaign to raise awareness of the riks of smoking.

A.suggest

D.suggesting

23．-----Tommy is planning to buy a car.

----I know .By next month ,he__enough for a used one

A. saves

will have saved

24．Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, __________ the audience can buy ice-cream.

A．When B．Where C．that D．which B .saved C.will save D. B.suggests C.suggested B.will work C.were working

25．In that school, English is compulsory for all students, but French and Russian are _________.

A．special

D．original

26．It was never clear _______ the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner.

A．that B．how C．when D．why B．regional C．optional

27．Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional ___.

A．consequence

D．intelligence

28．--- Are you still mad at her? B．independence C．competence

---Not really, but I can’t ______ that her remarks hurt me.

A．deny

B．refuse C．reject D．decline

29．— Linda didn’t invite us to the party.

— ______? I don’t care.

A．For what B．So what C．What’s on D．What’s up

30．— You look upset. What’s the matter？

— I had my proposal _______ again.

(转 载于:wWw.SmHaIDA.cOM 海达 范文 网:may,j,lee,资料)

A．turned over B．turned on C．turned off

D．turned down

31．Recently a survey _______ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.

A．compared B．comparing C．compares D．being compared

32．We’d better discuss everything _______ before we work out the plan.

A．in detail B．in general C．on purpose D．on time

33. It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine. , we’d better take it to the garage immediately.

A. Otherwise B. If not C. But for that D. If so

34. ---I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.

---How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone ______ it.

A. will have stolen B. might have stolen

C. should have stolen D. must have stolen

35. ---You could always put the decision off a little bit longer. ---_____ If I leave it much longer I might miss my chance.

36.A. preferring B.offering C.receiving D.allowing

37.A. so B.then C..but D or

38.A.sadder B.angrier C. hungrier D.tastier

39.A. expanding B. stretching C.swinging D.pulling

40.A. strength B. length C. range D.heigh

41.A.jump B.look C. walk D.glance

42.A. tip B. stage C. top D. level

43.A hope B. hand C. sight D. reach

44.A. put B. stand C. get D. hold

45.A. break B. shake C.take D. strike

46.A. up B. forword C.down D. around

47.A.for B. with C.on D. of

48.A. After B. Through C .Without D.Upon

49.A. back B. away C. up D. down

50.A. wishes B. beliefs C. efforts D. goals

51.A. thought B. imagoned C.tried D. cliamed

52.A.Therefore B.However C.Moreover D.Otherwise

53.A. skilful B. cheerful C.harmful D. helpful

54. A. something B. anything C.everything D.nothing

55.A．change B.express C.forget D.describe

We know the famous ones—the Thomas Edisons and the Alexander Graham Bells —but what about the less famous inventors? What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper(雨刮器)？Shouldn’t we know who they are?

Joan Mclean think so. In fact, Mclean, a professor of physics at Mountain University in Range, feels so strongly about this matter that she’s developed a course on the topic. In addition to learning “who”invented”what”, however, Mclean also likes her students to learn the answers to the”why” and ”how” questions. According to Mclean,”When

students learn the answers to these questions, they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try.”

So,just what is the story behind the windshield wiper? Well,Mary Anderson came up with the idea in 1902 after a visit to Mew York City.The day was cold and stormy, but Anderson still wanted to see the sights ,so she jumped aboard a streetcar. Noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow covering the winshield,she found hersefe wondering why there couldn’t be a buolt-in devic for cleaing the window. Still wondering about this when she returned home to Birmingham, Alabama, Anderson started drafting out solutions. One of her ideas, a lever(操作杆)on the inside of a vehicle that would contral an arm on the outside, became the first windshield wiper.

Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations，It’s hard to imagine driving without Garrett A.Morgan’s traffic light. It’s equally impossible to picture a world without Katherine J.Blodgett’s innovation that makes glass invisible, Can you picture life without clear windows and eyeglasses?

56.By mentionong “traffic light”and “windshield wiper”,the author indicates that countless inventions are .

A.beneficial,because their inventors are famous

B. beneficial,though their inventors are less famous

C.not useful, because their inventors are less famous

D. not useful, though their inventors are famous

57.Professor Joan McLean’s course aims to_____.

A. add colour and variety to students’ campus life

B. inform students of the windshield wiper’s invention

C. carry out the requirements by Mountain University

D. pre[are students to try theie own invention

英语作文