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说明文评析

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说明文评析体裁作文

篇一:说明文的真题评析

说明文的真题评析

(2004年6月)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition entitled A Brief

Introduction to a Tourist Attraction. You should write at least 120 words according to the

following guidelines:

Your roe: a tour guide

Your audience: a group of foreign tourists

Your introduction should include: some welcome words, the schedule for the day, a description of

the place the tourists will be visiting (e.g. a scenic spot or a historical site, etc. ) You should makethe introduction interesting and the arrangements for the day clear to everybody.

范文:

A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction.

Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, welcome to Beijing. To begin with, I would like to

introduce myself: I am the tourist guide from China Travel Service and it’s great honor to stay

here with all of you for a whole day. Just as the old saying goes, “ It is always a pleasure to greet a

friend from afar.” I wish all of you to enjoy yourselves during this trip.

The following is the schedule of the day. The first spot we are going to visit is the Great Wall,

the grandest fortification in ancient China. The nest sight to look around is the Ming Tombs,

which is one of the best preserved tombs for 13 emperors in Ming Dynasty more than one

thousand years ago. In the afternoon, we will go for the Summer Palace, the royal park for

Chinese ancient emperors.

Currently we are on the way to the Great Wall. Dating back to the seven century B.C., the

Great Wall is constructed by respective states for fortifying against invasion of neighboring states.

By the reasons of long history and its length, it becomes one of the eight wonders in the world and

represents the highest wisdom and crafts. From the top of the Great Wall, we can enjoy a

magnificent view of continuous mountains, green trees and blooming wild flowers. It is no doubt

that one says, “ He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man.”

Above is my introduction to the Great Wall. If any of you have questions, please feel free to

ask me at any time.

评析:

这是一篇生动的导游词,非常贴近导游和旅行的现实,让读者如身临其境。开篇的自我

介绍,写得热情洋溢,谚语It is always a pleasure to greet a friend from afar的使用非常贴切,

既增加了文采,又生动有趣。体现了引经据典是说明文常用的方法。接着作者按照旅游的时

间顺序,介绍了沿途的行程,并且对各个景点也作了介绍。紧接着就介绍了当前他们所在的

景点:长城。从历史到现实的风景,使说明文变得栩栩如生。此段又用了另一个谚语:He who

has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man.最后一段对全文作了一个简短的总结。可以

说,这是一篇相当精彩的文章。

(2005年1月)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic of A

Campaign Speech. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on

the outline (given in Chinese ) below:

1. 你认为自己具备什么条件(能力、性格、爱好)可以胜任学生会主席工作?

2. 如果当选,你将会为本校同学做些什么?

范文:

A Campaign Speech

Today I am very glad to run for the president of the students’ union. I am junior in Chemical

Department. Since I came to the university, I have always been the monitor of my class. I have

done a very good job for my classmates, and my classmates and my teacher all give me a good

praise. I am good at communication and organizing. And I like to help others. Moreover, I have a

variety of hobbies, for example, basketball, football, pingpong, etc. I am sure that I am qualified

for this position.

If I become the president, I will try my best to do well. I will organize some suitable activities

for you. I will do many things for you to reach your demands as well.

I sincerely hope you will give me a chance, and please believe that I will be a good president.

Thank you.

评析:

这篇是竞选的演讲词, 而其文体是说明文。作者首先列举自己的种种优点,而且还用

自己已经获得的成绩作为证据,说明自己的能力。第二段则用一个topic sentence作为引领,

后面的发展句都围绕这一主题具体说明自己的计划。最后一段作为演讲的结束词,既是对前

文的总结,又显得有礼貌,有力量。

议论文的真题评析

(1997年6月)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic of

Getting to Know the World outside the Campus. You should write at least 100 words and you

should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese ) below:

1. 大学生了解社会的必要性。

2. 了解社会的途径 (大众媒介、社会服务等)

3. 我打算怎么做。

破题:首先要肯定地论述大学生有必要去了解社会,然后具体地列举了解社会的各种途径,

最后在结论处要明确地写出自己打算通过什么途径来了解社会。

范文:

Getting to Know the World outside the Campus

Today the campus should no longer be an “Ivory Tower”. College students must go outside to

get to know the world. They should acquire knowledge not only from books but also from the

society. Thus they can adapt to society more quickly after they graduate from school.

Science and technology are developing rapidly with each passing day. Most students can

keep themselves informed by watching TV, listening to the radio, reading newspaper and using

computers. It’s also good to take a part-time job. Any of these methods will enable students to get

in touch with society.

Summer vacation is round the corner. I’ve already eolled to be a volunteer to help others. I

think I can do well. Although I won’t be paid, the most important thing is that I can learn a lot

about society.

评析:

文章一开始就提出论点:College students must go outside to get to know the world.

接着进一步说明了原因,论证比较充分。第二段在列举了几种途径之后,不失时机地加了一

句总结:Any of these methods will enable students to get in touch with society.

起到了很好的概括作用;第三段讲了自己将在暑假中通过做志愿者来了解社会。本文没有使

用高难、生僻的词汇,并不华丽,但朴实易懂,结构明晰,是一篇好文章。

(2005年12月)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic of

Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourist? You should write at least 120 words and

you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese ) below:

1. 名校校园正成为旅游新热点。

2. 校园是否应对游客开放,人们看法不同。

3. 我认为……

破题:这种3段式的议论文题型近几年来很大程度上已被记述文和应用文所取代,但2006

年12月又出现了这种考题。面对这种考试题型,有准备的学生可以轻松地进行“机械化制

作”,即第一段提出问题,第二段开始论述人们的不同看法,第三段说明自己的观点。

范文:

Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourist?

Nowadays, we can find that more and more campuses of well-known universities have been

listed as tourist spots by a large number of travel agencies, which attract a lot of tourists both

home and overseas. (开门见山地提出问题,语言简洁)

However, as to whether the university campus should be open to tourists or not, there is

consensus among the people.(合理地使用过渡句,自然地引出两种对立观点)Some believe

that the prestigious universities have definitely accumulated incredible culture and knowledge

deposit, as a result, they can offer tourists an impressive experience and even help to realize

people’s dream to be eolled into them. By contrast, some voice negative opinion that famous

universities can not be open to tourists because they are afraid that the quietness of campuses will

inevitably be disturbed by the tourists more or less.

As far as I am concerned, those opinions are actually reconcilable (在主题句中明确地表明

个人观点)Since travelers want to pay a visit to some universities, we can schedule the tours

during the interval of summer and winter vacations, which can both cater to the tourists’ interest

and maintain the academic atmosphere for the university students.(恰当地使用一些连接词,语

言自然流畅,表意清楚)

图表作文的真题评析

(2002年6月)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed

说明文评析

thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic of

Students use of Computers. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your

composition on the chart given below:

1. 下图所示为1990年、1995年、2000年某大学使用计算机的情况,请描述其变化;

2. 请说明发生这些变化的原因(可从计算机的用途、价格或社会安定发展等方面加以说

明);

3. 你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。

范文:

Students use of Computers

From the chart, we can see clearly that the average number or hours a students spends on

the computer per week has increased from less than two hours in 1990 to nearly four hours in

1995, and then to 20 hours in 2000.

This significant growth in the use of computers by students in the 1990s can be attributed to

several factors. Firstly, because of the social modernization, computer becomes an indispensable

tool for students to study and communicate. Today’s society relies heavily on computers for

immediate access to the news and for entertainment. Secondly, the fast development of the internet

stimulates people to spend more and more hours on computer. What’s more, due to the fierce

competition in Hi-tech industry, the price of computer has dropped significantly. It is no longer a

luxury but a common “household appliance”.

However, the increasing use of computers results in some problems and challenges. Some

students cannot resist the temptation of some unhealthy information on the internet and are lured

by it without self-control. And some others indulge themselves in computer games so much that

they cut class so often.

评析:

相对于统计表来说,柱形图的数据显得非常简洁明了。该图的横向坐标为日期,纵向

坐标为大学生每周使用计算机的时间。写作时要考虑的关键是计算机应用与日期的关系:随

着日期的推移,大学生使用计算机的时间越来越多。

文章第一段中对图表的描述言简意赅,具有高度的概括性,开门见山,直入主题。文

章第二段采用主题句+支撑的段落结构,分别采用等使论述层次清晰,一目了然,显示了考

生良好的驾驭英语语言的能力,反映了考生良好的语言基本功。第三段用将话锋一转,指出

了当今学生使用计算机时存在的实际问题。

对于本类图表作文来说,可以根据题目中的提纲把第三点作为整个文章的结尾段内容,

也可以再单独加一个段落作为结论段,如:In a word, what we should do is to use computers

wisely, that is to say, take advantages computers bring to us and do our utmost to avoid its

disadvantages。

记述文的真题评析

(2003年6月)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a passage entitled An

Eye-witness Account of a Traffic Accident. You should write at least 120 words and you should

base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese ) below:

假设你在某日某时某地目击一起车祸,就此写一份见证书。

见证书须包括以下几点:

1 车祸发生的时间及地点。

2. 你所见到的车祸情况。

3. 你对车祸原因的分析。

范文:

An Eye-witness Account of a Traffic Accident

My name is Li Ming. I am a university student. Three days ago, I witnessed a traffic

accident which happened just on the road along the north gate of our school.(第一段简明交代车

祸发生的时间、地点)

It was at about 9:30 on a Saturday morning, July 26, when I was hurrying to the bus station

to visit a friend downtown. I was walking on the sidewalk when I heard a deafening crash coming

from the T-junction about 50 meters in front of me. A truck and a taxi crashed together. A terrible

traffic accident!

I went over only to find the taxi was badly damaged while the truck only slightly. The car

roof was totally destroyed. One door of the car was knocked off, lying on the road. Fortunately,

the car driver only afflicted a minor injury, elbow bleeding. The truck driver was reporting to the

traffic police. Some people were jammed on the road.(第二、三段将事故发生的详细时间、地

点和经过作了具体的叙述,这是见证书的书写惯例,也是这篇作文题目的具体要求)

The traffic light for the driving track of the crashed car and truck was still red, so it is clear

that the car driver had not put on the brakes in time.(对车祸原因的分析虽然简单,但很合理)

Safety is the first priority for drivers. They should keep it in mind that a little slower, a little safer.

评析:

对于给出汉语提纲的记述文,最保险也是最有效的写作策略就是在认真审题之后,严

格地按照提纲中所给出的各项内容逐一进行记述。切记:不要漏掉任何信息点。

这篇文章就是采取了这一策略。由于写的是一份见证书,所以作者一开篇既作了自我

介绍,又简明地交待了车祸发生的时间和地点。

在第二、三段的主体段落中,作者按照提纲所给出的提示对事件的经过和结果作了详

细的描述,提供了对车祸分析非常有参考价值的信息。最难能可贵的是段落中所使用的贴切

的叙述性语言,如slightly damaged, a minor injury, bleeding, report to the police, lines of

vehicles, jammed等。

最后一段中,作者对车祸原因的分析虽然略显单薄,但基本合理。

(2005年6月)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a short essay in honor of teachers

On the occasion of Teacher’s Day. You should write at least 120 words following the outline

Given below:

1. 向老师表达节日祝贺。

篇二:说明文的语言和说明方法的赏析

说明文的语言和说明方法的赏析

一、说明的方法:为了把事物特征说清楚,或者把事理阐释明白,就要使用恰当的说明方法。常用的说明方法有如下10种:

1.举例子:具体、真实、有力的说明了??事物的??特征。

2.分类别:条理清楚、层次分明的说明了??事物的??特征。

3.列数据:准确、具体、一目了然的说明了??事物的??特征,比文字说明更有说服力。

4.作比较:突出了??事物??特征。

5.下定义:准确、简明的说明了??事物的??本质特征。

6.打比方:形象、生动的说明了??事物的??特征。

7.画图表:直观、一目了然的说明了??事物的??特征。

8.作诠释:对??事物进行解释说明,使其通俗易懂。

9.引资料:突出??事物的??特征;引用神话传说,增强事物的神秘色彩;为了引出??说明对象

10.摹状貌:形象、生动的说明了??事物的??特征。

二、说明文的语言:说明语言的准确性,是说明文语言的先决条件。表示时间、空间、数量、范围、程度、特征、性质、程序等,都要求准确无误。说明的实用性很强,稍有差错,会失之毫厘,谬以千里。特别要注意说明文中使用的术语和修饰限制性的词语,它们往往体现了说明语言的准确性。

赏析说明文语言的具体方法:

第一种:【题型】:给出一句话,分析其中加点的字或词的表达作用或效果?

【解法】:通常的答法:这个字或词的意思是什么,这个字或词使这句话表达了

什么意思,体现了说明文语言的准确性。

【例题】:“赵州桥非常雄伟,全长50.82米,两端宽9.6米,中部略窄,宽9米。”..

这句话中“非常”一词,有什么表达作用或效果?

【赏析】:句中“非常”一词的意思是“很”,表示程度深,“非常”一词使这句

话说明了赵州桥不是一般的雄伟,而是很雄伟,“非常”一词体现了说

明文语言的准确性。

第二种:【题型】:删除或更换句中加点的字或词,行不行?为什么?

【解法】:通常的答法:这个字或词的意思是什么,这个字或词使这句话表达了

什么意思,去掉这个字或词后句子的意思,去掉该字或词后,与实际

不符合,不能体现说明文语言的准确性,所以不能删除或更换。

【例题】:“全桥只有一个大拱,长达37.4米,在当时可算是世界上最长的石拱桥”...

这句话中“在当时”一词去掉,行不行?为什么? ...

【赏析】:“在当时”一词的意思是“在那时候”,“在当时”使句子的意思成为:......

在那时候,赵州桥是世界上最长的石拱桥。去掉“在当时”一词后,句...

子的意思变成了:赵州桥是世界上最长的石拱桥。但现在有了比它还长

的石拱桥,去掉“在当时”后,与实际不符合,不能体现说明文语言的...

准确性,所以不能删除或更换。

第三种:【题型】:揣摩文章的语言,自己从文中找出相关语句,分析文章语言特点是怎样的?

【解法】:语言的准确性是说明文语言最基本的特征。在准确的前提下,有的以平

实为主,有的以生动为主。因此,首先要确定好以谁为主,然后根据

情况,具体问题具体分析。

1、说明文语言如以平实为主的话,其解答的方法可以转化成第一种题型解

答(这个字或词的意思是什么,这个字或词使这句话表达了什么意思,

体现了说明文语言的准确性)。

2、说明文语言如以生动为主的话,其解题技巧可从以下几方面思考:拟人、

比喻等修辞和描写的表达方式。拟人、比喻、描写+生动、形象的说明了

+ 某某事物 + 特征 + 使说明亲切自然、生动有趣、通俗易懂。

【例题】:“天上的云,姿态万千,变化无常:有的像羽毛,轻轻的飘在空中;有

的像鱼鳞,一片片整整齐齐的排列着;有的像羊群,来来去去;有的像

一张大棉絮,满满地盖住了天空。”这句话的语言特点是怎样的呢?是

做简单分析。

【赏析】:例句中运用了比喻的修辞手法和描写的表达方式,生动形象的说明了天

上的云,姿态万千,变化无常的特点,使说明亲切自然、生动有趣、通

俗易懂。

篇三:赏析说明文的语言特点

赏析说明文的语言特点

一、说明文的语言特点。

说明文语言特点是准确、简明、浅显、易懂,其中准确是前提。在这个前提下,语言风格可以是平实的,也可以是生动活泼的。

二、赏析说明语言的准确性。(此类题目是常考必考的)

(一)第一种题型:句子中加点词有何作用?

1、答题模式讲解:1先配合实际语境说说加点词意思和所要表达的内容;2这体现了语言的准确性。

2、例题解析。(试说说下列句中加点词的表达效果。)

(1)自从鹭鸟在这片林子栖息后,林子里的毒蛇、飞虫几近绝迹,村里六畜兴旺。 答:“几近”是几乎接近的意思,说明毒蛇、飞虫差不多被吃光,但没有绝迹,这体现了说明语言的准确性。

(2)村干部还告诉记者,可能是现在环境的恶化以及一些人为的捕杀,这两年来鹭鸟越来越少了。 答:“可能”表示估计、推测,说明了鹭鸟数量减少的原因,但不是绝对肯定,这体现了说明语言的准确性。

3、牛刀小试。

试说说“(赵州桥的的桥拱)在当时可算是世界上最长的石拱”....

中的加点词有何作用?

答:【答案】“在当时”在时间上进行了限定,只说明了赵州桥的的桥拱在当时是最长的,但现在不是,这体现了语言的准确性。

(二)第二种题型:句中的加点词能否删去?为什么?

1、答题模式讲解:1不能。2因为??(先配合实际语境说说加点词意思和所要表达的内容),若删去,就变成??的意思,不符合实际,“xx”(加点词)体现了说明语言的准确性。

2、例题展示。(下面句子中的加点词能否删去?为什么?)

(1)旅人桥可能是有记载的最早的石拱桥了。

答:1不能;2因为“可能”是估计、推测的意思,“最早”在时间上加以限制,它们是对旅人桥的最早出现的情况进行推测,但并不是绝对的,若删去,就肯定旅人桥是第一个出现的,不符合实际,“可能”和“最早”,体现了说明语言的准确性。

(2)每道拱圈都能独立支撑上面的重量。

答:1不能;2因为“独立”说明了不依靠其他拱圈也能自立,表明就算其中一道坏了,其他各道不致受到影响,若删去,就表明如果一道坏了,必然会影响其他各道,不符合实际,“独立”体现了说明语言的准确性。

3、牛刀小试。 征服沙漠的最主要武器是水。——《向沙漠进军》

答: 【答案】(1)不能;(2)因为“最主要”是关系最大,起决定作用的意思,它表明水是征服沙漠的根本武器,但还有其他方面的手段或方法,若删去,就变成水是征服沙漠唯一的方法,不符合实际,“最主要” 体现了说明语言的准确性。

(三)第三种题型:从文章中找出一个能体现说明文语言准确性的词句,并说说其表达效果。

1、答题方法讲解。

1先找出体现说明语言准确性的词句,然后说明其作用。

2可从几个方面入手找句子:找有确数或概数的句子;找有限制性词语的句子。

2、答题模式讲解。(1)举例句;(2)分析。(方法和上面的第一种相同。)

3、例题讲解。(请在《复习指导》P.41《中国石拱桥》<片段>中找出两个体现说明语言准

确性的语句,并分别说说它们的表达效果。)

(四)第四种题型:能否将句中加点词替换为另外一个词语?请说明理由。

1、答题模式讲解:1不可以;(2)因为原词表达??意思,换了就变成??意思,与不符合实际,“××”(加点词)体现说明语言的准确性。

2、例题展示。

“赵州桥非常雄伟,全长50.82米,两端宽9.6米,中部略窄,宽9米。”中的加点词能否换成“很”,为什么?

答:(1)不能;(2)因为“略”是稍微的意思,表明中部只不过是比两端狭窄些,换成“很”,就表明这两者在宽度上相差很大,与实际不符合,“略”体现了语言的准确性。

3、牛刀小试。

“天上的薄云,往往是天气晴朗的象征”这句话中的加点词语“往往”能否替换成“总是”,试说明理由。

答:

【答案】(1)不能。(2)因为“往往”是大多数的意思,说明了天上的薄云大多预示着天气晴朗,但也不排除特殊情况。换成“总是”表明天上出现薄云一定表示天气晴朗,与客观事实不符合,“往往”一词体现了说明文语言的准确性。

▲▲补充介绍限制性的词语。

1、表限定时间:已经、一直、早已、一向、渐渐等。

2、表限定程度;最、比较、几乎、相当、很、尤其、稍微、更加等。

3、表估计或推测:大约、可能、左右等。

4、表限定数量:多、有余、很少等

5、表限定范围;全、都、大部分、总共、少数等。

6、表频率的词语:屡次、往往、常常、经常、通常、总是、有时”等。

7、表质地的词语:软、硬、

三、赏析平实和生动的说明语言。

(一)两者的概念。

1、所谓“平实”,就是抓住事物的特点,用准确、简明、平实的语言,对事物的形状、构造、性能等加以解说,不必加修饰或描写,只需明白如话地写出来即可。(采用此类语言来写的说明文,叫“平实说明文”其语言特点是:准确、简明、平实。)

2、所谓“生动”,就是借助描写、记叙等表达方式,运用比喻、拟人等修辞手法,对事物进行具体形象的描写。(采用此类语言来写的说明文,叫“科学小品文”或“文学性的说明文”,其语言特点是:准确、形象、生动。)

(二)两者在考试中的题型。

1、试举例比较分析第×段和第×段(或某一段中哪几句话)的语言特点。(区分平实语言和生动语言的特点。)

2、从修辞、表达方式、表现手法、句式等角度中任选一个角度,以全文(第×段)为例,分析该段的语言特点。(此类题目是赏析说明语言的形象生动性,富有感染力。)

(1)修辞:运用比喻、拟人、排比、引用等修辞手法,使说明语言的形象生动性,有气势,富有感染力。

(2)表达方式:记叙、描写(准确、形象生动的动词、形容词)使说明更具体形象生动;议论抒情则可以准确地概括说明对象的特点,突出全文(某段)的中心,加深读者对内容的理解,加强文章的感染力。(描写、议论、叙述经常配合使用。)

●●答题模式:这篇文章(某段)综合运用 (从“记叙、描写、抒情、议论”选择)的表达方式,如??(具体的例子),使说明更准确、形象生动,突出全文(某段)的中心,加深读者对内容的理解,加强文章的感染力。

(3)表现(写作)手法:动静结合法、虚实结合法、衬托法、多觉感受法(视觉、听觉、嗅觉、触觉、味觉)、形色结合法等,既使说明语言形象生动,又可引发读者的丰富联想,充满了情趣和诗情画意。

(4)句式:长短和短句、整句和散句、口语句式和书面语句式。

3、试题演示(A)

尘埃就是漂浮在大气中的尘粒。这小小的幽灵是栖身在空气中,借着大气的浮力,悄然而来,又无声地离去。它来去匆匆,无孔不入。(《复习指导》P.42)

(1)文章把尘埃说是“小小的幽灵”,反映了尘埃的什么特点?换成平实语言,怎么说?

答:

体裁作文