yesterday用在完成时

篇一：现在完成时练习题及答案

Exercise: 用since和for填空

1. Jim has been in Ireland ______ Monday.

2. Jill has been in Ireland ______ three days.

3. His aunt has lived in Australia ______15 days.

4. Mary is in her office. She has been there ______ 7 o'clock.

5. India has been an independent country ______197(转 载 于:wWW.smHAida.cOM 海达范文网:yesterday用在完成时)4.

6. The bus is late. They've been waiting ______ 20 minutes.

7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ______ many years.

8. Mike has been ill ______a long time. He has been in hospital ______ October.

I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form.

1. I____ already ____ (see) the film. I ________ (see) it last week.

2. _____ he ____ (finish) his work today? Not yet.

3. My father ____ just ____ (come) back from work. He is tired now.

4. Where’s Li Ming ? He __________ (go) to the teacher’s office.

5. I __________ (work) here since I ______ (move) here in 1999.

6. So far I _______________(make) quite a few friends here.

7. How long ________ the Wangs ______________(stay) here ? For two weeks.

8. I ________ just ___________ (finish) my homework.

9. He ________ (go) to school on foot every day.

10.____ you ______ (find) your science book yet?

11. If it ____ (be) fine tomorrow, I'll go with you.

12. The students ____________ (read) English when the teacher came in.

13. Look! The monkey __________ (climb) the tree.

14. My mother __________ (come) to see me next Sunday.

15. I've lost my pen. _________ you ________ (see) it anywhere?

II. Choose the best answer. 1. How long have you _______ here?

A. come B. got C. arrived

2. My grandpa died _________.

A. at the age of my 2

C. when I was 2. B. for 2 years D. my age was 6. D. been

3. Jane has _____ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow.

A. been B. gone C. went D. never been 4. It is ten years _____ I last saw her.

A. after B. since C. for D. that

5.--Who will go to the station to meet Lorry? --I will. I _____ her several times.

A. met B. have met

--Just 2 weeks.

A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having

7.--Do you know Lydia very well? --Yes, She and I _____ friends since we were very young.

A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned D. have, had C. had met D. will meet 6. --What a nice dress! How long _____ you _____ it?

8. The Smiths _______ in China for 8 years.

A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. live

9. --Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black?

-- Sorry. He ______ the Bainiao Park.

A. has been to

-- Yes, twice.

A. Have, gone B. Have, been

III. Rewrite the sentences.

1. I have been to Macau before. (改为否定句)

I _________ _________ been to Macau before.

2. He hasn’t come to school 就划线部分提问)

______ _______ he come to school?

3. I bough a new bike just now. (用just改写)

I ____ just ____ a new bike.

4. We began to learn English three years ago.(改为同义句)

We ____ ____English ____three years

5. He has never surfed, _______ _______? （改成反意疑问句） (对划线部分提问)

_______ _______have they been here?

7. The old man _________ last year. He has _______ _______for a year. (die) （动词填空）

8. Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)

Miss Gao has _______ ________ ________ an hour ago.

Ask the questions

1) I have been there for two days.

__________ _________ __________ you __________ __________?

2) My father has lived here since 2000.

_________ _________ __________ your father _________ __________? _________ ________ he _________ __________? __________ ___________ they __________ a book?

1. have, seen, saw 2. Has, finished 3. has, come 4. has gone 5. have worked, moved 6. have made

7. have, stayed 8. have, finished 9. goes 10. have, found 11. is 12. were reading 13. is climbing

14. is coming 15. Have, seen

Keys: 1. How long have, been there 2. How long has, lived here 3. When did, leave here 4. When did, buy

现在完成时练习题及答案

三、结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语。

① arrive at / in sp / get to / reach sp / come / go / move to sp

→ be in sp / at school / at home / on the farm / be here / be there

1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He Beijing for .

2) I moved to the USA in 2008. I the USA since .

3) I went home yesterday. I home for . C, Do, go D. were, going B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to 10. --____ you ever ____ to the US?

4) They came here last week. They ___________ here since _____________.

② come to / go back to / return to→ be back to go out → be out

1) He came out two years ago.He ______________ for ____________.

2) We return to Beijing yesterday.We ___ ____________ to Beijing since __________. ③ become → be

1) I became a teacher in 2000. I ________________ a teacher for _________________.

2) The river became dirty last year. The river _______ _______ dirty for _______ ________. ④ close → be closed open → be open

1) The shop closed two hours ago. The shop _______________ ______ for _________________.

2) The door opened at six in the morning.The door ________ ________ ________ for six hours. ⑤ get up → be up； die → be dead； leave sp. → be away from sp.

fall asleep / get tot sleep → be asleep； finish / end → be over；marry → be married；

1) I got up two hours ago.I ________ ______ _______since _______________.

2) He left Shanghai just now.He _______ _____________ ______ Shanghai for five minutes.

3) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _______ _____ ______for _______ ________.

4) The meeting finished at six.The meeting ________ ______ ______ for six hours.

5) I got to sleep two hours ago .I ________ _____ ___ since _________ _________.

6) They married in 1990. They ________ _________ __________since _________. ⑥ start / begin to do sth. → do sth. ；begin → be on

1) I began to teach at this school in 1995. I ____ ____ at this school since ____.

2) The film began two minutes ago. The film ____ ____ ____ for ____ ____. ⑦ borrow → keep； lose → not have ；buy → have ；put on → wear

catch / get a cold → have a cold； get to know → know

1) They borrowed it last week. They __________it since _____________.

2) I bought a pen two hours ago. I ____________a pen for _____________.

3) I got to know him last year. I ___________ him since ___________.

4) I put on my glasses three years ago. I _________ my glasses for ______________. ⑧have / has gone to → have been in

He has gone to Beijing.He _____________ Beijing for two days.

⑨ join the league / the Party / the army

→ be a league member /a Party member / a soldier

→ be a member of the league / the Party

→ be in the league / the Party / the army

1) He joined the league in 2002.

He _________________ a _________________ for two years.

He ___________ a _________ the ________ for two years.

He _______________________ the league for two years.

2) My brother joined the army two years ago.

My brother _________a ________ for ___________ ___________.

My brother ___________ in ___________ for two years.

四、划线提问

1) I have been there for two days.

__________ _________ __________ you __________ __________ ?

2) My father has lived here since 2000.

_________ _________ __________ your father _________ __________?

3) He left here yesterday.

_________ ________ he _________ __________?

4) They bought a book two hours ago.

__________ ___________ they __________ a book

五、用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。

A: Where ____________ Li Fei ___________?

B: He ____________ to Hainan Island.

A: How long ___________ he ___________ there?

B: He _____________ there for three days.

A: When will he come back , do you know?

B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently.

A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?

B: Sorry, I _________ never ___________ there.

A: How many times ___________ Li Fei __________ to that place? B: He _____________ there only once.

八. 用适当的时态填空：

1.She’s _____________ (live) here ever since she was ten.

2.Both of them ________________ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.

3.Both of them ____________ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.

4. Half an hour __________ (pass) since the train __________ (leave).

5. Mary________(lose) her pen. ________ you _______(see) it here and there?

6. _________ you _____ (find) your watch yet?

7. ---Are you thirsty? ---No I _________just _________ (have) some orange.

8. We ---- already _________ (return) the book.

9. ________ they _______ (build) a new school in the village?

10. I _____________(not finish) my homework . Can you help me?

11. My father _____ (read) the novel twice.

12. I _________ (buy) a book just now.

13. I _________ (lost ) my watch yesterday.

14. My father ___________ (read) this book since yesterday.

现在完成时态练习题答案

三、结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语

① 1. has been in , five minutes

2. have been in , 2008

3. have been at, two days

4. have been , last week

② 1. have been out, two years

2. have been back , yesterday

③ 1. have been , nine years

2. has been , two years

④ 1. has been closed , two hours

2. has been open

⑤ 1. have been up , two hours ago

2. has been away from

3. has been dead , seven years

4. has been over

5. have been asleep , two hours ago

6. have been married , 1990

⑥ 1. have taught , 1995

2. has been on , two minutes

⑦ 1. have kept , last week

2. have had , two hours

3. have known , last years

4. have worn , three years

⑧ has been in

⑨ has been , League member

has been , member of , League

has been in

2. has been , soldier , two years

has been , the army

四、划线提问

1. How long have, been there 2. How long has , lived here

3. When did , leave here 4. When did , buy

五、用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。

A: Where has Li Fei gone? B: He has gone to Hainan Island.

A: How long has he been there?

B: He has been there for three days.

A: When will he come back, do you know?

B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently.

A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?

B: Sorry, I have never been there.

A: How many times has Li Fei been to that place? B: He has been there only once.

八. 用适当的时态填空：

1. lived / has been living 2. have been

3. went 4. has passed ; left

5. has lost ; have , seen 6. Have , found

7. have , had 8. have , returned

9. Have , built 10. haven’t finished

11. has read 12. bought 13. lost

14. have been reading / has read

篇二：现在完成时讲解 练习题(含答案)

现在完成进行时

1 定义:现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在，可能还要继续下去。

2 结构： 现在完成时由助动词

构成。

has用于第三人称单数,have用于其他各种人称.

3 现在完成进行时的基本句型 肯定式 I/We have been working. 疑问式 Have you been working？ 简略回答 Yes，I/we have. No，I/we haven't. 肯定式 He/She/It has been working. 疑问式 Has he/she/it been working？

简略回答 Yes，he/she/it has. No，he/she/it hasn't. 注意

haven't =have not hasn't =has not We've =We have

4 现在完成时的用法

1）在强调指出动作还未结束，还要继续下去。如：I've been reading this book for two hours，but I haven't finished it. 这本书我已读了两个小时了，但我还没读完。 I've read this book.我已读完这本书了。 2）强调动作延续时间的长久或带感情色彩。

She has always been working like that.她一贯是这样工作的。 3）现在完成进行时也可表示现在以前这段时间反复发生的事情。 We've been seeing quite a lot of each other recently.最近我们经常见面。

5 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别

现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。试比较：

I have lost my new book. 我把新书丢了。（现在还未找到）

I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。（现在找到与否没说明）

6. 现在完成时的时间状语

I现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。

a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。 如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。

They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。 b. 用ever和never.多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。 如： -Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗?

-I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。

c. 用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。 例如：I have seen her before,but I can not remember where. 我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。

He has been there three times the last few days. 近几天他去过那里三次了。

d. 用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如now,today,this morning(month,year,term)等。例如：

-Have you met him today?-No,I haven't. 今天你见过他吗？我没有。 How many times have you been there this year? 今年你去过那里多少次？

II短暂性动词不能和表一段时间的时间状语连用。如：come, go, arrive, reach, hear, close, leave, begin, start, lose, buy, fall, join, die, get up等。但如果要保留表一段时间的时间状语，必须将动词改为延续性动词。

练习：

一、翻译下列句子：

你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？ 2. 我刚刚丢了我的化学书。

3. 我以前从来没去过那个农场。 4. 他已经吃过午饭

5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？ 6. 我哥哥还没回来。

7.这本字典我已买了三年了。 8.他离开中国三年了。

9.我认识他们五年了。 10.他们已去了美国五年了。

11.自从他搬到济宁，他就住这儿了。 12.我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。 13.自从1999年以来他们就认识。 14.我来到这个学校已3年多了。

二、用since和for填空

1.______two years 2.____two years ago 3.___last month 4.______ 1999

5._______yesterday 6._______ 4 o’clock 7 4 hours 8._____an hour ago 9. ___we were children 10._____ lunch time 11.____ she left here

12. He has lived in Nanjing ___ the year before last. 13. I’ve known him ______ we were children.

14. Our teacher has studied Japanese ______ three years. 15. She has been away from the city ______ about ten years. 16. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.

三、结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语。 ① arrive at / in sp / get to / reach sp / come / go / move to sp → be in sp / at school / at home / on the farm / be here / be there

1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He Beijing for . 2) I moved to the USA in 2008. I the USA since . 3) I went home yesterday. I home for .

4) They came here last week. They ___________ here since _____________.

② come to / go back to / return to→ be back to go out → be out 1) He came out two years ago.He ______________ for ____________.

2) We return to Beijing yesterday.We ___ ____________ to Beijing since __________.

③ become → be

1) I became a teacher in 2000. I ________________ a teacher for _________________.

2) The river became dirty last year. The river _______ _______ dirty for _______ ________.

④ close → be closed open → be open

1) The shop closed two hours ago. The shop _______________ ______ for _________________.

2) The door opened at six in the morning.The door ________ ________ ________ for six hours.

⑤ get up → be up； die → be dead； leave sp. → be away from sp.

fall asleep / get tot sleep → be asleep； finish / end → be over；marry → be married；

1) I got up two hours ago.I ________ ______ _______since _______________.

2) He left Shanghai just now.He _______ _____________ ______ Shanghai for five minutes.

3) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _______ _____ ______for _______ ________.

4) The meeting finished at six.The meeting ________ ______ ______ for six hours. 5) I got to sleep two hours ago .I ________ _____ ___ since _________ _________. 6) They married in 1990. They ________ _________ __________since _________.

⑥ start / begin to do sth. → do sth. ；begin → be on

1) I began to teach at this school in 1995. I ____ ____ at this school since ____. 2) The film began two minutes ago. The film ____ ____ ____ for ____ ____. ⑦ borrow → keep； lose → not have ；buy → have ；put on → wear catch / get a cold → have a cold； get to know → know

1) They borrowed it last week. They __________it since _____________. 2) I bought a pen two hours ago. I ____________a pen for _____________. 3) I got to know him last year. I ___________ him since ___________.

4) I put on my glasses three years ago. I _________ my glasses for ______________.

⑧have / has gone to → have been in

He has gone to Beijing.He _____________ Beijing for two days.

⑨ join the league / the Party / the army

→ be a league member /a Party member / a soldier → be a member of the league / the Party

篇三：现在完成时

1、现在完成时

（一）肯定式

主语＋助动词have ／has ＋过去分词＋其它

（二）否定式

主语＋助动词have ／has＋not＋过去分词＋其它

（三）一般疑问式

助动词Have ／Has ＋主语＋过去分词＋其它 ？

2、现在完成时的使用例句。

（一）肯定式

1）I've just copied all the new words ．我刚抄写了所有的生词。 (表示不要再抄了)

2）She has lost her books ．她丢失了她的书。 （表示到目前为止还没有找到）

(如果用过去时：She lost her books . 则强调书是过去丢的这一动作，而不知现在有没有找到)

3）We've just cleaned the classroom ．我们刚好打扫了教室。（表明现在教室是干净的）

（二）否定式

1）I haven't finished my homework yet．我还没有完成我的作业。

2）She hasn't travelled on a train ．她没有坐火车旅行过。

3）We have never spoken to a foreigner．我们从来没有和外国人说过话。 注：有时not可以用never代替，表示“从来没有”的意思。又如：

4）I have never seen him before．以前我从来没有见过他。

（三）一般疑问式

1）—Have you ever made dumplings ？你曾经做过饺子吗？

—Yes ，I have ．是的，我做过。

2）—Has she ever been abroad ？她曾经出过国吗？

—No，never．不，从来没有。

3）—Have they found the lost books yet ？他们已经找到了丢失的书吗？

—Yes ，they have．是的，他们找到了。

二、现在完成时的用法

（一）现在完成时的用法1：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。此时，常与时间副词already（已经） ，yet（还、已经） ，just(刚刚、仅仅) ，ever（曾经） ，never（从不） ，before（以前）等连用。

（二）现在完成时用法二2——持续性用法（肯定句，疑问句中谓语动词必须是延续性动词）：表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。此时常与“for ＋一段时间或“since＋过去的点时间或从句（从句用一般过去时）以及so far（到目前为止）等时间状语连用。

for + 段时间

since +点时间

1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。

2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。

一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week，?ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆为具体的时间状语。

现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet,

till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不确定的时间状语。 共同的时间状语：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。

3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。

一般过去时常用的瞬间动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。

句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。

（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.

（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.

一、现在完成时的意义（用法）

1.表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。（瞬间动词适用于这种情况）

2.表示过去已经开始并持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用。（延续性动词适用于这种情况）

（1） “过去对现在”（瞬间动词）

（2） “过去到现在”（延续性动词）

二、现在完成时的构成（结构）

1. 现在完成时由“助动词have(has) + 过去分词”构成。

我们可以简记为：

① have(has)在前面，

② 过去分词在后边，

③ 以前(before) 从来不(never) 出现，

④最近(recently) 曾经(ever) 一(once) 两遍(twice)，

⑤自从(since) 刚刚(just) for一段，今天(today) 已经(already/yet) 很明显。

2. since +（1）（过去的）月份/年份

since +（2） 一段时间+ago

since +（3）一般过去时从句

三、 瞬间动词

.瞬间动词又叫非延续性动词，还叫终止性动词。瞬间动词可以有现在完成时态， 但不可以接一段时间，若要接一段时间，须要做一些相应的变换。

2.瞬间动词在完成时态中的否定式可以接一段时间。

常见的瞬间动词：

（1） 来(come)、去(go)、到(get to/reach/arrive at)、离(leave)、看(see)、听（说）hear

（2） 买(buy)、卖(sell)、开(open)、关(close)、起床(get up)

（3） 参加(join/take part in)、开发(begin/start)、还(return/give)（与）借(borrow/lend)

（4） 变成(become/turn)、带(bring/take)、给(give)、死(die)、完(finish/end)、接(receive/hear from)

瞬间动词接一段时间：

⑴.将时间状语改为时间段 + ago,句中谓语动词用一般过去时.

eg.我弟弟参军两年了. My brother joined the army two years ago.

⑵.若保留for+时间段,since+时间点/从句, 或用在 how long 句型中,则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词

常见终止性动词与延续性动词(或状态动词)的对应关系:

come/go/arrive/get/reach/move------be in/at o pen-----be open die------be dead close----be closed become---be

borrow---keep begin/start-----be on put on----wear

leave-----be away (from) fall asleep----be asleep

end/finish-----be over catch a cold-----have a cold

join the army----be in the army be a soldier

join the Party----be in the Party be a Party member

→My brother has been in the army for two years.

→My brother has been a soldier for two years.

3.现在完成时中been to, gone to和been in/at been to去过某地,表示某人的一种经历,可以和once, twice, already, ever, never等连用.

eg. She has been to Shanghai twice. (表示目前人在这里)

gone to 去某地了,说话时某人已离开此地,在去某地的途中或已在某地, eg. She has gone to Shanghai。 (表示现在她人不在这里)

been in/at 逗留在某地(已经一段时间).常和for ten days,since I came here等连用.

eg. She has been in Shanghai since she moved there.

5.现在完成时中的 for 与 since

for + 时间段 与延续性动词的现在完成时连用

since + 时间点/从句

I have kept the library book for a week.= I have kept the library book since a week ago.

6. It is /has been +一段时间 + since 从句.自从某事发生已有一段时间了. eg. It is /has been two years since my brother joined the army. 注意:

1.since 引导的从句中动词用过去时

2.when 引导 的特殊问句不与现在完成时连用.

3.have got, has got 虽然是现在完成时,但have got=have has got==has

篇四：现在完成时的用法(下)

现在完成时的用法（下）

四．使用现在完成时应值得注意的问题

㈠关于现在完成时的时间状语

1.现在完成时说明的是现在的情况，属于现在时。因而不能与表示过去具体时间的时

间状语连用，如不可与yesterday, last week, three years ago, in 1990, at eight o’clock

等之类的时间状语连用。这类时间状语通常是与过去（一般）时连用。、

例如：

2.现在完成时通常可与表示过去不确定时间的时间状语连用，如already, yet, just,

before等副词时间状语。例子见上述“主要用法”中。

例如：

1）I have already returned the pen to him.

2）Have you washed my clothes yet? ----Yes, I have just washed them.

3）I have seen the man before.

说明：before有时也可用于一般过去时（这与用现在完成时意思差不多），如I told

you before.我早就告诉过你。

另外，already和yet有时也可用于一般现在时，如It’s eight already./He

isn’t back yet (=He hasn’t come back yet).

3.现在完成时通常可以与包括“现在”在内的表示一段时间的时间状语连用，如since...,

for...； ever, never, recently（最近），today, this week (year), these days (weeks, years),

in/during the last/past two years, so far等。

例如：

1）We have known each other since we came to the school.

2）I have collected ten stamps this week[these weeks].

3）Have you seen him these days?

说明： ever, never有时也可用于一般过去时（这与用现在完成时意思差不多），如

I never saw the man.

4.比较下列几组用法的区别

⑴already与yet

①一般情况下，already表示“已经”，主要用于肯定陈述句，一般在句中；yet

表示“已经”或“仍然，还”是用于疑问句或否定句，一般在句末。比较：

1）2） 3）He hasn’t come ②already有时也可用于疑问句（句末），但不表示疑问而是表示惊讶（这与yet

不同）。比较：

1）Mum, I’ve done my homework. （表示惊讶）

天哪！你已经做完你的作业了？（真快！）

2）（表示疑问）

你做完你的作业没有？

⑵ever与yet

ever与yet均可用于疑问句、否定句，但 yet表示“已经”或“仍然，还”，一

般“时间上距离现在不是很远”；ever表示“曾经，以往任何时候”，“时间上距

离现在可近可远”，反义词never。体会：

1）你曾经挤过牛奶吗？

----No, I never have.或No, never. 没有，从来没有过。

（问可以是有生以来的经历）

2）你已经给那头牛挤过奶了吗？

----No, I haven’t yet.或No, not yet.

（问现在说话说时的情况）

⑶for与since

for和since均可引导一个时间状语，与现在完成时连用，区别如下：

“for + 一段时间”，意思为“共计??（时间）”；for是prep.，后面只能跟

一个短语，即只能引导一个时间短语。

“since + 某一时间”，意思为“自从??（以来）”；since是prep.&conj.，

后面可以跟一个短语，也可以跟一个句子，即既可以引导一个时间短语，也可

以引导一个时间从句。

例如：

1） 2）⑷two years ago与for two years, since two years ago

三者的意思和连用的时态不一样：

例如：

1）他两年前住在这儿。

（已有两年不住在这儿了）

2）他在这儿住两年了。

（两年前开始住的，一直住到现在，还可能继续住下去）

比较：他过去（曾经）在这儿住两年了。

（是哪两年不清楚）

3）两年来，他一直住在这儿。

⑸疑问副词when不可与现在完成时连用

谈论发生在过去的事情，疑问词副词when（包括what time）不可与现在完

成时连用（其它疑问副词或疑问代词可以），因为when相当于yesterday, last week,

three years ago, in 1990, at eight o’clock等之类的表示过去具体时间的时间状语。

这类时间状语是不能与现在完成时连用的，只可与一般过去时等连用。

例如：

1）Why have you turned off the radio（收音机）？

你为什么把收音机关上了？

2）Where has he gone (to)? 他到哪儿去了？

3）× ×

他什么时候去的？——他昨天去的。

→When did he go? √ ------He went yesterday. √

㈡关于现在完成时表示持续的用法说明

1.现在完成时表示持续时必须用持续性动词，不能用非持续性动词（即短暂性动词），

因为非持续性动词是不可能表示持续的。

例如：

1）×

→√

2）×

→√

3）×

→√

4）×

→√

5）×

→√

6）×

→√

7）×

→√

一些常见的短暂性动词和相应的持续性动词举例如下表，仅供参考使用。还有

很多很多不可能一一列出，只希望能受到启发。

短暂性动词 持续性动词

borrow keep

buy have

die be dead

put on（穿上） wear

join the club be in the club

join the Party（入党） be in the Party或be a Party member

become a Party member（党员） be a Party member或be in the Party

begin to work/rain work/rain

come (here) be here

come back be back

come to (Beijing) be in (Beijing)

go (there) be there

go back be back

go to (Beijing) be in (Beijing)

get to (Beijing) be in (Beijing)

leave (…) 离开（?） be away (from…)

fall ill be ill

fall asleep/go to sleep be asleep

go to bed be in bed

get up 起床 be up

get to know（开始认识） know

get ready（准备好） be ready

sit down sit

stand up stand

?? ??

2.用短暂性动词的现在完成时表示持续是错误的，其改正方法：

①改动词；②改句型；③改时态

例如：

1）他母亲去世三年了。

×

→√（改动词）

→√（改句型）

→√（改时态）

2）他入党二十年了。

×

→for twenty years. √

→√

→√

→√

重要说明：①有些短暂性动词其相应的持续性动词对你来说可能并不容易找到，

这时你可以采用②改句型或③改时态的方法来改正。

②短暂性动词的现在完成时不能表示持续，是指其肯定式。但是，短

暂性动词现在完成时的否定式是完全可以表示持续的，因为这时是

相当于持续性动词。例如：

I haven’t seen him for a long time.

③“短暂性动词的现在完成时不能表示持续”，并不代表短暂性动词没

有现在完成时，只是不能表示持续罢了。例如：

The fish has died. It can’t move.

㈢现在完成时和一般过去时的区别

现在完成时的基本特点是它和现在有密切的联系：或者是讲一个影响现在的动

作，或者讲迄今为止这一段时间的情况。这样它不是从结果上就是从时间上和现在联

系了起来。根据这个特点，我们可以判断什么时候用现在完成时、什么时候用一般过

去时。例如：

1）He has written all the new words on the blackboard.

2）He has lived here since 1990.

3）He has seen the movie twice.

4）He lived here in 1990.

5）What did he say about it?

比较：What has he said to make you so angry?

6）----Have you had your lunch?

----Yes, I have.

----Where did you have? ----I had it at home.

1.当句子里有一个表示过去具体时间如yesterday, last week, three years ago, in 1990, at

eight o’clock（包括when，what time）等之类的时间状语时，常要用一般过去时，

因为现在完成时一般是不能与这些时间状语连用的。

例如：

1）I saw her two days ago[last week].

2）When did he come?

2.当句子里含有already, yet, just, before等表示过去不确定时间的副词状语时，常用现

在完成时。当然before也可用一般过去时（这与用现在完成时意思差不多）。

例如：

1）He has already/just left.

2）The chair hasn’t been mended yet. You can’t sit on it.

3）I have seen the man before.

4）I told you before.我早就告诉过你。

3.当句子中含有一个包括“现在”在内的表示一段时间的时间状语时，如since..., for...；

ever, never, recently, today, this week(year), these days(weeks, years), in/during the

last/past two years, so far等，常要用或常可用现在完成时。当然ever和never也可

用一般过去时（这与用现在完成时意思差不多）。

例如：

1）I’ve collected over 300 Chinese stamps since I came here.

2）Have you ever seen a tiger?

或Did you ever see a tiger?

另外today, this week(year), these days(weeks, years)等有时也可能与一般过去时

等连用，但意义不同：用一般过去时，表示说话人单纯谈在这段时间发生的某一件

事情，而不涉及它对现在造成的影响、不涉及与现在的关系。例如：

? The meeting was over this week. 会议是本周结束的。

（单纯谈本周所发生的某一件事情，或者说单纯强调发生的时间，不涉及

对现在造成的影响或结果）

?The meeting has been over this week. 会议本周已经结束过了。（强调结果）

?We have learned sixty new words this week.

到目前为止，我们这个星期一共学了60生词。（强调时间上是到目前为止）

4.在单纯谈一件过去发生事情，不涉及它对现在造成的影响或结果时，常用一般过去

时。如果谈一件已经发生的事情，不考虑它是什么时间发生的，而主要考虑它对现

在造成的影响或结果时，就该用现在完成时。

例如：

1）Did you get up very early? （今天）你起得很早吗？

比较：Have you got up? 你起床没有？

2）A: Have you had your lunch? B:Yes, I have.

A:What did you have? B:I had rice.

A:Where did you have? B:I had it at home.

3）I got the news from Tom. 我是从Tom那儿得到这个消息的。

比较：I’ve got no news about Tom. 到现在我没有收到Tom的任何消息。

4）He has lost his pens. He has no pen to write with. He lost them on the way

home.

篇五：现在完成时态的讲解

现在完成时态的精讲

一 从概念上区别一般过去时与现在完成时

虽然两个时态都是表示过去时间发生的动作，但现在完成时强调这一动作与现在有关，表示对现在产生的影响或结果；而一般过去时只表示动作发生在过去，跟现在没有关系。 如：I have cleaned our classroom. 我已经打扫了教室。

现在教室里很干净，“过去打扫”这一动作对目前产生的结果。（现在完成时）

I cleaned our classroom just now. 刚才我打扫了教室。

不涉及教室目前是否干净。（一般过去时）

二 从时间状语上加以区分

现在完成时属于“现在”时间范围。因而不能与表示过去的时间状语连用：一般过去是表示过去时间里发生的动作，不能与表示和现在时间有联系的时间状语连用。

如：Danny and Brian have been in China since 2003.

Danny and Brian were in China in 2003.

如何使用现在完成时

同学们我们已经学习了现在进行时、一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时这4种时态的用法，但这4种时态还不能满足我们表达的需要。比如：表示“某人过去曾经做过某事”或者“某人做某事多久”，以上五种时态就派不上用场了。这时，我们可以用一种新的时态——现

在完成时表示。

一、现在完成时的构成

（一）肯定式

主语＋助动词have ／has ＋过去分词＋其它

说明：这里的have ／has是助动词，没有什么具体意义。当主语是第三人称单数时助动词用has，其余人称一律用have。 has，have的缩略式分别为's或've。规则动词过去分词的构

成与过去式的构成方式一样，不规则动词可参看不规则动词表。实例：

1）I've just copied all the new words ．我刚抄写了所有的生词。 (表示不要再抄了)

2）She has lost her books ．她丢失了她的书。 （表示到目前为止还没有找到）

(如果用过去时：She lost her books . 则强调书是过去丢的这一动作，而不知现在有没有找到)

3）We've just cleaned the classroom ．我们刚好打扫了教室。（表明现在教室是干净的）

（二）否定式

主语＋助动词have ／has＋not＋过去分词＋其它

说明：现在完成时构成否定句时，只需在助动词have ／has后面加not就行。have not，has not的缩略式分别为haven't ，hasn't。另外，肯定句中有some，already时，改为否定时要分

别改成any，yet。实例：

1）I haven't finished my homework yet．我还没有完成我的作业。

2）She hasn't travelled on a train ．她没有坐火车旅行过。

3）We have never spoken to a foreigner．我们从来没有和外国人说过话。

注：有时not可以用never代替，表示“从来没有”的意思。又如：

4）I have never seen him before．以前我从来没有见过他。

（三）一般疑问式

助动词Have ／Has ＋主语＋过去分词＋其它 ？

说明：把陈述句中的have或has放到句首，句末打问号，同时把句中的some ，already改为any ，ye t就构成了一般疑问句。肯定回答用“Yes ，主语＋have／has．否定回答用“No，主语＋haven't／hasn't．”有时也可以用“No，not yet．／No ，never．／No，not even once．”

等。实例：

1）—Have you ever made dumplings ？你曾经做过饺子吗？

—Yes ，I have ．是的，我做过。

2）—Has she ever been abroad ？她曾经出过国吗？

—No，never．不，从来没有。

3）—Have they found the lost books yet ？他们已经找到了丢失的书吗？

—Yes ，they have．是的，他们找到了。

注意：当句中有否定词not ，hardly（几乎不），never的时候，在改为反意疑问句时，附加部分用肯定形式。例如：You have never come to our school ，have you ？你以前从来没有

来过我们学校，是吗？

二、现在完成时的用法

（一）现在完成时的用法1：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。此时，常与时间副词already（已经） ，yet（还、已经） ，just(刚刚、仅仅) ，ever（曾经） ，

never（从不） ，before（以前）等连用。这几个副词的用法如下：

1．already意为“已经”，通常用于肯定句中，可放在助动词之后，过去分词之前，也可以放

在句末。实例：

1）I've already read this book. 我已经读过这本书了。

（“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是“知道书中的内容”。）

2）I've washed my clothes already．我已经洗了?a href="http://www.zw2.cn/zhuanti/guanyuluzuowen/" target="_blank" class="keylink">路?/p>

（洗衣服的动作已完成，其结果是“衣服冼干净了”。）

注意：在表示吃惊或明知故问等感情色彩时，already也可用于（口语）疑问句中。实例：

3）Have you met him already ？你（真的）已经见过他了？

2．yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”，用在否定句中意为“还”，常放在句末。实例：

1）—Has he found his watch yet ？他已经找到他的手表了吗？

—No，not yet．不，还没有。

2）The woman hasn't found her dog yet ．

那位妇女还没有找到她的狗。（没找到狗，心里着急，这就是对现在的影响）

3．just意为“刚刚”，表示行为刚刚过去，常放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例：

He has just come back from school ．他刚从学校回来。

4．ever意为“曾经”，用于疑问句或否定句中，放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例：

1）Have you ever been to Hong Kong ？你曾去过香港吗？

2）I haven't ever spoken to her．我未曾和她说过话。

5．never意为“从来没有”常与before连用（before要放在句尾，而never多放在助动词与过

去分词之间。实例：

I have never travelled by plane before．我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。

6．before意为“以前”，指过去不确定的某个时间，总是放在句末，不受句型的限制。实例：

1）Have you been to Hainan before ？你以前去过海南吗？

2）I haven't eaten Guangdong food before．我以前没吃过广东菜。

（二）现在完成时用法二2——持续性用法（肯定句，疑问句中谓语动词必须是延续性动词）：表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。此时常与“for ＋一段时间或“since＋过去的点时间或从句（从句用一般过去时）以及so far（到目前为止）等时间状语连用。

for + 段时间

since +点时间

实例：

1）I've lived here since 1990．自从1990年以来我就住在这里。

= I've lived here since 13 years ago.

= I've lived here for 13 years.

= It is 13 years since I began to live here.

2）I haven't seen him for three years ．我三年没有看见他了。

= I haven't seen him since three years ago

= I haven't seen him since 2000.

= It is 3 years since I saw him last time.

3）Mr Wang has worked in the factory since he came to the city ．

自从到这个城市以来，王先生一直在这家工厂工作。

4）She's been at this school since five years ago．

自从五年前以来她就在这个学校。

注意：①在这类句子的肯定句和疑问句中谓语动词必须用延续性动词。短暂性动词由于动作不能持续，故不能与for(达到；累计)或since（自从。。。到现在）引出的时间状语连用。

②对for和since引导的时间状语提问要用How long

1） 他入团两年了。

误：He has joined the League for two years．

正：He has been a League member for two years．

2）我买这辆自行车三年了。

误：I have bought this bike for three years．

正：I have had this bike for three years．

2） ▲部分短暂性动词与之对应的延续性动词：

短暂性动词 延续性动词

die → be dead

borrow → keep

buy/catch → have

get up → be up

come → be in

finish → be over

leaver → be away

open → be open

close → be closed

begin → be on

become interested in → be interested in

有人可能会问：一般过去时和现在完成时所表示的动作都发生在过去，那么这两种时态有什

么区别呢？

☆答：①一般过去时与具体的表示过去时间状语如：yesterday连用；强调动作在过去发生，

与现在无关。

②现在完成时与自已的特征词连用，强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响或过去开始发生

一直持续到现在的动作。

例： He saw the film last night. (过去时，表示他昨晚看过那部电影了，现在不知还要不要再

看一次)

He has (ever) seen the film before.（现在\完成时，表时他已看过那部电影，现在不想再看了）

巩固练习：

I．按要求转换下列各句，每空一词。

1、He has already finished his homework．（改为否定句）

He _______ finished his homework ________．

2．They have found the lost books already．（改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答）

______ they _______ the lost books _______？No，they________．

3．Julia has not got home from school yet．（改为肯定句）

Julia ______ _______ ________ home from school ．

4．You have never been to Shanghai before，_________ _________ ？（改为反意疑问句）

5. He’s gone to Beijing, ______ ______?（改为反意疑问句）

6．Mr Wang began to teach English in this school in 1999．（改为同义句）

Mr Wang _________ _________ English in this school since 1999．

7. He hasn’t left home for 3 days.(同义句)

He _____ ______ ______ home for 3 days.

8. They have lived here since 3 years ago. (对划线提问)

II．选择正确答案。

( )1．—Who is Mary ？

—____？I saw you talking with her at the meeting ．

A．Don't you meet her yet B．Didn't you met her yet

C．Haven't you met her yet D．Hadn't you met her yet

( )2．—How do you like Beijing ，Mr Black？

—Oh ，I ____ such a beautiful city ．

A．don't visit B．didn't visit

C．haven't visited D．hadn't visited

( )3．The old people ____ lonely at all since we began to visit them once a week．

A．don't feel B．hasn't felt

C．haven't felt D.didn’t feel

( ) 4．We have lived here ____ five years ago．

A．when B．since C．before D．after

11.11 用于现在完成时的句型

1）It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。

It is the first time that I have visited the city.

It was the third time that the boy had been late.

2）This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.

This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.

这是我看过的最好的电影。

This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。

典型例题

(1) ---Do you know our town at all?

---No, this is the first time I ___ here.

A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming

答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。

(2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?

---No, it's the first time I ___ here.

A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come

答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。

高中作文