英语作文举例法

篇一：考研英语作文举例论证写作方法之个人经历型举例

考研英语作文举例论证写作方法之个人

经历型举例

个人经历型的举例，源自生活，贴近现实，相对来说是比较容易实现的。比如：I remember that ten years ago cell phones were unusual and seldom seen.

我记得，在十年前，电话并不常见。

Working part time when you are studying in university is beneficial to your life. I myself am a case in point. Through those experiences, I have learned to be independent and responsible.

读大学的时候做兼职工作对你的一生很有帮助。我自己就是一个例子。通过那些经历，我学会了独立和负责。

2007年官方高分范文

Take us for example，the entrance exam for graduate students even seems to a horrible monster before us. Some people give up，some persist.

以我们为例，研究生入学考试似乎是我们面前的一个可怕的怪物。有些人放弃了，而有些人则坚持不懈。

如上的例子都是“个人经历”型的举例，然而，例子的描述并不具体，内容也相对简单。如果想在举例的细节和字数上致胜，以上的例子显然是还有提升空间的。

那么我们应该如何来提高“个人经历型”的举例的表达、内容或者是字数呢?先看以下例子：

作文第1句：例子引入句(导入和过渡)

1Numerous examples can be found in our daily life, taking myself as a case in point：生活中大量的例子可以找到，就以我自己为例：

这个句子用在举例的开头部分，用于引入一个例子。既然是一个“引入和过渡”的模板句，那么写法肯定不止这一句，考生考前可以适当积累句型，熟练掌握某几个句子，考场上自由发挥出来就可以了。类似的表达还有如下可以选择：

The example of sb. best supports the view/ can serve as a strong evidence of sth.

某人的例子可以非常好地证明这个观点/ 可以作为…的强有力证据：

Examples abound in history / our daily life. However, I can think of no better illustration than the following one:

历史上/ 生活中存在大量的例子。然而，除了下面这个例子，我想不到更好的例子了：Our daily life/ history abounds with a great variety of examples, but the most typical one might be…

我们的生活中/历史上存在大量的例子，但是最具有代表性的也许是…

An illustration may make the point clear：一个例子或许能使这个观点更为清楚：Take, for example, the emergency situations that we encountered almost every day：以我们每天都会遇到的紧急情况作为例子：

作文第2句：例子的背景描述

在例子 的具体描述的开头，交代例子发生的背景。一般使用表示过去的某个时间状语，比如“yesterday, last years, last week”等。除了交代事件发生的时间(when)，当然还要交代事件发生的人物(who)、地点(where)或者事件发生的原因(why)等。这样可以使例子的背景丰富，

具有可信度，而且在字数上也有保证;

作文第3句：例子的情节转折(及情绪与应对)

在事件描述的过程中，通过“转折”来引出与论证的主题有关的情况。举例显得情节跌宕，且和主题符合。通常使用“yet, however, unfortunately, ironically(令人讽刺的是)”等单词作为衔接。为了增加文字表述的内容，在“转折”的情况出现之后，我们还可以写出面对这种情况之后人物的情绪和思维，可以使用单词“I told myself that…/ I knew that…”等等;最后，面对发生的转折情况和出现了相应的情绪之后，需要采取具体的行动来应对这种的局势，这个时候可以使用“hence(因此)，thus, then”等单词作为句子拓展的衔接。

总而言之，在举例的第三句话，应该是整个具体描述的举例论证的“情节高潮”-- 在这里要写出“转折情况”、“情绪变化”以及“如何应对”等三个部分。

作文第4句：例子的结果，与主旨的结合

通过例子的“背景描述”、“转折情况”、“情绪思维”和“应对处理”的四个步骤的具体描述，最终要给出这个例子的结果(consequence)，一般用单词“finally, it turned out that …”等作为衔接。这个例子的“结果”，应该与作文的主旨结合和映衬，表明这个例子能够合理地支撑观点。我们通过如下这几个例子来看看具体举例的这4句话是如何应用的：

1Numerous examples can be found in our daily life, taking myself as a case in point：2last year, I went to study at U.C.Berkeley as an exc(来自:www.Zw2.cn 爱 作文 网)hange student. Having arrived there, I found that classmates, teachers and staffs were not as friendly and warm-hearted as I had expected. 3Disappointed as I was, I endeavored to be accepted by them. I smiled to everyone I met - to those who helped me, or even to those who I didn't recognize - 4 it turned out that smile was the best way to shorten distance among people and I could get along well with my classmates, roommates and teachers only after two weeks.

1很多的例子在生活中可以找到，仅以我自己为例：2去年，我作为一名交换生到加州大学伯克利分校学习。到那儿之后，我发现同学、老师和员工都没有我所预期的那么友好和热情。3尽管我很失望，但是我依旧努力使他们接受我。对我遇见的每个人，对帮助我的人，甚至是那些我不认识的人，我都报以微笑。4结果，我发现微笑是缩减人与人之间的距离的最好的方式，并且，只在三个星期之后，我就和同学、室友以及老师们相处得非常愉快。如上的例子的最大的特征，在于“描述具体，内容丰富”。确实，相对于“一句话”的例子，这个例子无论在内容和字数，逻辑和可信度上都更为突出。除却这个例子的文字表达需要在考场自由发挥之外，这种“具体描述”举例的论证方式，第1、2、3、4句话的写作逻辑还是比较有规律可循，或者说事比较容易模仿的。

篇二：英语作文批改几法

英语作文批改几法

目前，许多教师普遍重视英语作文的写作训练，从书写要求到内容点拨，可谓精细之极，但作文的最后一个环节，即作文批改，却忽略了方式方法的改革。很多教师面对一堆堆作文，一句句地看，一本本地批，而学生却旧错重犯，原因就是作文批改给学生留下的印象不够深刻。面对这种现状，笔者对英语作文批改进行了各种尝试，彻底改变以往教师批阅、学生被动修改的批阅模式，让学生成为评改得的主人，让学生尝到成功的喜悦，正如叶圣陶老先生一直主张的“教是为了不教”。

范例自改法

第一步，范文展示。

教师讲范文展示出来，要求学生对范文人称、时态、结构熟记于心，对于考查目的有清醒的认识。

第二步，点拨深化。

对于作文中重点而且容易出错的时态、句式，教师进行重点点拨，学生必须接受并能正确应用句子中的重要句式、短语，并注意易错词汇的拼写。

第三步，自改。

用不同颜色的笔在句子下方标出错误句子，并在句首标上序号；优美的句子可以在句子下方划出。最后，在文章下面用正确的序号标出改正后的句子。

第四步，核对讨论。

同桌之间互相交换作文，并检查讨论，核对无误后上交。在此过程中，如有疑问，可以讨论、发问。

第五步，教师复改。

教师认真核查部份英语学困生的作文，对其他同学的改错部分亦应慎重对待，作文改错中对出错频率较高的句式、短语、时态，教师在下一节课要以不同的方式检查，以便学生认真扎实地掌握和应用知识，使本次作文批改形成一个完整的知识环节。

批点、连错、讲面、自省批改法

所谓批点，即挑重点（并非优等生）批阅。例如，一个班级有60人，我们可将学生按学习成绩分为上、中、下三个层次，每个层次批阅人数不低于6人，共计约18人。他们在英语作文中所出的错误基本囊括了学生作文中错误的全部，可谓“窥一斑可见全豹”。教师要将这些错误一一详细地进行记录，以利于下一个环节有的放矢。

所谓连错，即教师将学生所犯的错误一一进行连接，融入一篇文章，构成一篇或两篇语法、句式、拼写等错误连篇的文章，这是典型的错误范文，可谓“麻雀虽小五脏俱全”。

所谓讲面，即将错误的范文在班级中用幻灯片投影仪显示在屏幕上，让全班学生共同纠正例文中的错误，使该错误连篇的文章真正成为大家认可的优秀范文。本环节的引导非常重要，最益于激发学生的学习积极性，它直接关系到自省环节的效果，因此本环节尽量让学生独立完成。

所谓自省，即学生在改完教师出示的范文之后，将自己的作文与改错后的范文相对照，独立改正错误。（注：须将错误句子划出并标明序号，在文章下按序号写出正确的句子，以利教师再批。） 最后，教师复批。这种方法有利于调动学生的积极性，但要求学生必须诚实，不能有虚荣心，否则不利于学生的积极性，但要求学生必须诚实，不能有虚荣心，否则不利于学生对错误的认识与改正，以致于影响教学效果。

分组讨论批改法

第一步：将全班学生按就近原则分成4---6人一组的英语学习小组，每小组中均有英语成绩优秀的学生，他们是每个小组的核心。 第二步，每组内的4-5人互相交换作文进行批阅，个人解决不了或拿不准的问题交给小组长，小组成员共同解决不了的则交给老师。各小组长要将小组内的精彩句子记录下来，并记下作者名字，以利摘抄、公布、鼓励。

第三步，学生对自己的作文再次推敲并进行改正，改正方式与方法一和方法二中的自省法相同。

第四步，教师复批。在以上三种方法的实施过程中，学生必须做到“诚”与“信”，否则效果会大打折扣。教师在复批过程中要挑选出优秀作文，通过张贴或印刷的方式对学生进行鼓励或表彰。此外，对学生作文的批语也应以鼓励的语言为主，激起学生英语写作的兴趣与欲望，增强学生英语写作的信心，不可一味用“good，better，best”来结束自己的复批。以上三种方法的尝试过程可谓

艰辛，短时间内付出的精力和时间比平时的批改要多，因为学生在批改的同时所学的知识不再是一个点，而是一个面。如果教师坚持运用这些方法批改作文，会收到事半功倍的效果。

篇三：英语作文段落展开九法

第三天：段落展开九法

确定了段落中心思想, 完成了段落的主题句,设计好段落的扩展句之后，需要考虑的是怎样合理、有效地安排句子，组成条理清晰、结构严谨的段落。展开段落的方法有很多，常用的有：时间顺序法、空间顺序法、列举法、举例法、对比法、定义法、因果法、分类法、综合法等。在今天和明天的课程中我们就来详细地学习。

一、时间法

在叙述一个故事或者一系列事件时，通常按事件发生的先后顺序排列句子。在说明文中叙述一件事应该遵循的程序或步骤时，也常用时间顺序法。看下面的例子：

A friend in need is a friend indeed.

患难见真情。After lunch, while the other girls were sunbathing, Pat and I returned to the water. Soon cramps spread from my stomach to my legs. Immobilized by pain and fear, I yelled for help. My friend thought I was joking: so she ignored me. However, Sister Theresa came to my rescue when she noticed my plight. She pulled me out of the water and administered resuscitation. When regaining consciousness, I realized how close I had come to death. My experience with near death reminds me every day how close we all are to death in our daily lives.

在这个段落里，作者用了after lunch; while...; soon; when...等时间连接语按时间的先后顺序记叙了一件发生在午饭后的事。

There are four separate stages in making bread. The first stage begins by mixing yeast with warm water. This mixture is then added to half the amount of flour. The resultant batter mixture is then left for an hour. At the next stage the rest of the flour is added to the risen batter mixture, along with salt and oil. The main step in the second stage is a thorough kneading of the dough, after which it is left to rise. The third stage involves shaping the dough into loaves; the shaped loaves are then put into bread tins and left to ?prove? (rise). In the final stage the bread is cooked in a hot oven. The whole process of breadmaking finishes when the bread is taken from the oven and left to cool on wire racks.

这个段落采用时间顺序法描述了做面包的的过程。作者用了The first stage begins by..., At the next stage..., The third stage involves... 和In the final stage... 等连贯性词语详细地按照先后顺序介绍了四个步骤。

二、空间法

空间顺序指按物体的空间位置（自左至右，由近到远，由上至下，由下到上，由里到外，由外到里，由中间到两边等顺序）来展开段落。如：

The room was disgusting. By the far window was a trash can piled high with crumpled papers. In the middle of the room was a gaudy, round size bed littered with rotting fruit peels. The path between the bed and the doorway, where I was standing, was choked off by heaps of dirty clothes and old newspapers.

这个段落以空间顺序法描写了一个房间。先从描述远处的窗子开始，接着是房间中央，最后到作者所站的地方，由远到近地将房间里的一切描绘了出来。

Great Britain is an island that lies off the northwest coast of Europe. The nearest country is France which is 20 miles away from which Great Britain is separated by the English Channel. The island is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the North Sea to the east. It comprises the mainland of England, Wales and Scotland. Scotland is in the North, while Wales is in the west. Ireland, which is also an island, lies off the west coast of Great Britain. It consists of Northern Ireland and the Irish Republic. Great Britain together with Northern Ireland constitutes the United Kingdom. Thus, the United Kingdom is composed of four parts. The largest of these is England which is divided into 43 administrative counties. The capital city is London which is situated in southeast England.

这个段落主要是采用由外到里的空间顺序法进行描写的。先从外围描述大不列颠的地理位置，接着从内部仔细介绍它的各个组成部分—— 英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士的相对位置，同时描述了爱尔兰岛的相对位置，最后作者又特意指出英国首府伦敦的地理位置。

三、列举法

列举法是通过列举具体的细节来进一步说明主题句所表达的主导思想，展开段落。列举法如果使用得当，能增强文章的说服力，使文章显得条理清楚。用列举法发展段落时，主题句常包含表示数量的词，如：several, many, some, four 等。列举细节时，可以根据各种内容的相对重要性，按一定的逻辑顺序排列。

Strike the iron while it is hot.——趁热打铁。请看下面的例子：

Social activities benefit us in many ways. To begin with, these activities can widen our knowledge, because we can learn what we can?t from our books. Second, these activities can serve as a bridge between theory and practice, because we can learn how to put our book knowledge into practice.

Lastly, these activities can eich our experience, in that we can get to know the society well so that we can adapt to it easily when we graduate.

本段的第一句是段落主题句，in many ways在这里为下面的列举作好了铺垫。作者用了to begin with, second和lastly作为连接语，条理清楚地列举了社会活动有益的三个方面。

四、举例法

举例法是一种常见的展开段落的方法，它是用典型、具体而生动的事例来证明、阐述一个观点，支持主题句，使段落主题句的抽象意思具体化，使文章通俗易懂并具有说服力。但是，在写提供实例的段落时，必须精选例子，要作到恰如其分、准确地说明问题。

请看下面的例子：

Many old buildings in cities are still being found useful. In several cities, old buildings that were no longer being used have been converted to a variety of useful structures. For example, one school building was changed into ninety nine rental units for elderly and low income residents. In Baltimore, Maryland, six schools were converted into 132 units with the help of a four million dollar city bond financing arrangement. “School House 77” in Boston utilizes three recycled elementary schools and an abandoned instrument factory. All these examples show how cities are using unneeded schools, police stations, libraries, and boarded up factories that are structurally sound and even architecturally interesting buildings.

本段的第一句是段落主题句，指出在城市里有许多旧楼还在发挥着作用。这里的“作用”是比较抽象的，不容易写得很充分。但是作者用一些实例（如将旧校舍改建成住房提供给低收入人群等）来加以说明，主题思想就较为容易和直观地表达出来了。

It takes two to make a quarrel.——一个巴掌拍不响。 It is very difficult to evaluate another person?s performance objectively. For example, Linda recently wrote irresponsible remarks about her instructor because she was failing the course. Her friend Jack wrote a marvelous description of the same instructor because he was receiving an A in the course. Both Linda and Jack were not fairly evaluating the instructor. They were influenced by the grades they were earning and were biased in their judgment.

这个段落的第一句是主题句，说明人们很难做到客观地评价另一个人的作为。接着用Linda和Jack两个例子来支持这一观点，展开段落。例子使用贴切典型，恰如其分。

五、对比法

对比法是指通过叙述或描述两种或两种以上的相关事物之间的相同（相似）的地方或不同之

处来表达主题。采用对比法展开段落主要通过两种途径：一是先叙述对比双方的一个方面的全部细节，然后再叙述另一个方面的全部细节；另一个途径是对逐个问题进行双方面的比较。 请看下面各例：

Why do so many graduates gravitate into business instead of into teaching? Part of the reason is the ever widening pay gap between these two professions. A secretary, an office clerk or a bank employee can earn monthly income as high as RMB 2，000, and when one is promoted to the position of a business executive or manager, the salary is even higher. But a college graduate with a master?s degree can only get a salary of RMB 1，000 per month for his teaching job. No wonder, college graduates are attracted into more lucrative（赚钱的，有利润的） fields.

本段的主题是为什么那么多的大学毕业生从商，而不从事教学工作。作者运用对比法，说明由于两种职业之间存在着越来越大的收入差异，所以有好多学生毕业后选择从商，而不选择从教。

A single spark can start a prairie fire.——星星之火，可以燎原。There are striking similarities between two of the most popular U.S. presidents, Abraham Lincoln and John F. Kennedy. Both men had their elections legally challenged. Lincoln and Kennedy are both remembered for their sense of humor, as well as for their interest in civil rights. Lincoln?s secretary was Mrs. Kennedy; Kennedy?s secretary was Mrs. Lincoln. Neither man took the advice of his secretary not to make a public appearance on the day on which he was assassinated. Lincoln and Kennedy were both killed on Friday in the presence of their wives. And finally, the same caisson（弹药车） carried the bodies of both men in their funeral processions.

本段采用对比法通过第一种途径展开段落。这里，作者将美国历史上两位伟大的总统林肯与肯尼迪从六个方面作了比较，描述他们的相似之处。

六、分类法

分类法是按一定标准对事物进行归类的一种段落发展方法。通过分类，可以使文章脉络一目了然。例如：

Astronomers have been able to classify stars according to color. They have discovered that stars with different colors have different sizes, and their surface temperatures are also different. The larger a star is, the higher surface temperature it has. Stars are generally divided into five kinds: blue, white, yellow, orange and red. Blue stars are the largest ones, with a diameter of 16,000,000 kilometers. Their surface temperature is also the hottest, as high as 25,000 degrees centigrade.

White stars come next, whose diameter is 2,700,000 kilometers and whose surface temperature is 11,000 degrees centigrade. Then there are yellow stars, 1,600,000 in diameter and 6,000 degrees centigrade in surface temperature. Orange stars are still smaller. They have a diameter of 1,000,000 kilometers and a surface temperature of 5,000 degrees centigrade. The smallest kind of stars appears red in color. Their diameter is only one twentieth of that of blue stars, that is, 800,000 kilometers, and their surface temperature is only 3,000 degrees centigrade.

One?s sin will find one out.

坏事终归要败露。 本段落的第二句话是段落主题句，说明不同颜色的星球其大小及表面温度各不相同。本段落分类标准非常清楚。段落一开始就指出星球可以按颜色进行分类。后来又明确指出星球一般被分成五种类型：兰、白、黄、橙和红色。接着，作者运用分类，清楚地层层展开，发展段落。

There are two kinds of sports: “amateur” and “professional”. Amateur athletes do not receive money for competing in sports. Olympic athletes, for example, are amateurs. They do not receive money. Professional athletes, on the other hand, do earn money. Some professional athletes earn a million dollars or more a year. They need this money to support themselves and they can save some for their future.

本段的主题句也在段落开头，指出运动有两种形式：业余的和专业的。然后，作者采用分类法发展段落，分门别类地对业余类（amateur athletes）和专业类（professional athletes）进行解释说明，使段落主题更明确地展示在读者面前，段落层次清楚，中心思想统一明了。 Examinations fall into three kinds. One is the machine scored “objective” type. In an objective test, the students answer questions by deciding on best choice among a number of alternatives given. Another is the “completion” type. This kind of examination requires the students to add a word or phrase to complete a sentence. And the third type is the essay examination, in which the students are asked to write a composition on a given topic. All these kinds of examinations are designed to reveal what a student may have learned in any particular course.

本段采用分类法来展开段落。主题句在段落开头，指出“考试可分三种类型”。然后，作者运用One is the machine scored “objective type”, Another is the “completion type”,” And the third type is the essay examination” 来清楚地将考试分类阐述，段落脉络一目了然，层次十分分明。

七、定义法

定义法是通过简单易懂而且准确的语言阐明某事物的性质和特征来发展段落，使读者对某事