有关动词不定式英语句子中 什么特定的词后面要跟动词的不定式 关于那课的语法可以大概说说吗
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有关动词不定式英语句子中 什么特定的词后面要跟动词的不定式 关于那课的语法可以大概说说吗
有关动词不定式
英语句子中 什么特定的词后面要跟动词的不定式
关于那课的语法可以大概说说吗
有关动词不定式英语句子中 什么特定的词后面要跟动词的不定式 关于那课的语法可以大概说说吗
一、不定式的基本形式:to+动词原形,有时可以省略to.
二、 动词不定式的特点:(1)没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语.
(2)动词不定式仍保留动词的特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语.动词不定式同它的宾语或状语可构成动词不定式短语.如:to read a book; to sing at the party.
(3)动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,因此,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语.
三、动词不定式作宾语.即不定式直接跟在谓语动词后,是谓语动词涉及的直接对象.如果没有这个不定式,这个句子的意思就让人难以理解.能直接带不定式作宾语的及物动词主要有:want,like ,love ,need ,try ,ask ,learn ,begin ,start ,forget ,remember,hope ,wish ,agree,choose ,fail ,refuse ,decide ,afford ,offer ,make sure ,take turns ,would like ,plan ,hate ,try one’s best 等.
四、动词不定式作宾语补足语.能用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:ask ,tell ,get ,order ,would like ,want ,teach ,show ,allow ,encourage ,warn ,wish ,invite ,help等.
五、动词不定式作状语:即不定式直接跟在谓语动词后,仅对谓语动词起一个补充说明的作用.如果没有它,句子仍然意思完整,它不象作宾语那样,与谓语动词有着密切的关系.(1)表示目的:The doctor came to operate on her.He has gone to town to do some shopping.I sat down to have a rest.He stopped to have a look.He rushed into the room to save the girl.The moved away the stone to let the traffic go.He got up to catch the train.
(2)表示结果:The girl cried only to make her mother angry.
(3)表示程度:She is too tired to walk any farther.She is strong enough to carry the heavy box.
(4)表示原因:I was surprised to read the news.
能带不定式作状语的形容词有:glad ,happy ,pleased ,angry ,clever ,careful ,surprised ,lucky ,ready ,sorry,amazed ,afraid ,sad ,unhappy ,sure ,free ,kind,nice ,worried ,easy ,hard
六、不定式作定语:动词不定式作定语,一般要放在被修饰词的后面,不定式与所修饰的词构成动宾关系.We have lots of work to do.Would you like something to drink?I want to get something to read during my holiday.That’s a difficult question to answer.
【注意】如果动词不定式是不及物动词,后面就应有必要的介词.如:He is looking for a room to live in.Give me a piece of paper to write on.He has nothing to worry about.There is not enough space to stand in on the earth..She is a nice person to work with.a place to go to.
肯定式 TO加动词原形,否定式 ,not to 加动词原形 。
动词不定式在句中可以做主语,表语,宾语,宾语补足语,定语和状语
动词不定式是一种非限定性动词,非限定动词是指那些在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词,分为不定式,动名词,现在分词和过去分词,由to+动词原形构成,但在有些情况下to可以省略。在句中不能单独作谓语。它具有动词的性质,本身可以带宾语和状语。动词不定式在句中可以作除了谓语之外的任何成分,还可用在复合结构中,而且有完成式、进行式、完成进行式和否定形式。动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行式。
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动词不定式是一种非限定性动词,非限定动词是指那些在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词,分为不定式,动名词,现在分词和过去分词,由to+动词原形构成,但在有些情况下to可以省略。在句中不能单独作谓语。它具有动词的性质,本身可以带宾语和状语。动词不定式在句中可以作除了谓语之外的任何成分,还可用在复合结构中,而且有完成式、进行式、完成进行式和否定形式。动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行式。
动词不定式可以作以上各种成分,但它毕竟是动词,所以有动词的属性
动词不定式及其短语还可以有自己的宾语、状语,虽然动词不定式在语法上没有表面上的直接主语,但它表达的意义是动作,这一动作一定由使动者发出。这一使动者我们称之为 逻辑主语,其形式如下:
主动形式 被动形式
一般式 (not) to make (not) to be made
完成式 (not) to have made (not) to have been made
进行式 (not) to be making
完成进行式 (not) to have been making
(1)语态
如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者,不定式一般要用被动语态形式。如:
It's a great honour to be invited to Mary's birthday party.(不定式作主语)
It was impossible for lost time to be made up.(不定式作主语)
I wish to be sent to work in the country.(不定式作宾语)
Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?(不定式作定语)
He went to the hospital to be examined.(不定式作状语)
在There be结构中,修饰主语的不定式可用被动,也可用主动。如:There are still many things to t ake care of (to be taken care of).但有时两种形式表达的意思不同,如:These is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.)
(2)时态
1) 现在时:一般现在时表示的动词,有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。
He seems to know this.
I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again. 我希望再见到你。
2) 完成时:表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.
He seems to have caught a cold.
3) 进行时: 表示动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
He seems to be eating something.
4) 完成进行时:
She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years。
疑问词who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式构成不定式短语,在句中作主语、宾语、表 语等。如:
①When to leave for London has not been decided yet. (不定式在句子中做主语)
②Mr. Smith didn't know whether to leave or stay there. (不定式在句子中做宾语)
③I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well. (不定式在句子中做间接宾语)
④The question was where to get the medicine needed. (不定式在句子中表语)
以上例句中疑问词+不定式部分,均可转换为相应的从句形式。如:①When we shall leave…③…how I
could learn…
经常在这种结构中使用的动词有:consider,decide,discover,explain,find out,forget,hear,know,lea rn,observe,understand,wonder等。
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