小琨求翻译一段商务英语的翻译,论文用,急,~~~3.暗含与委婉 　　商务谈判有些话语虽然正确,但却令对方难以接受,话语不能取得较好的效果.暗含委婉的语用策略强调“言有尽而意无穷,余意尽

小琨求翻译一段商务英语的翻译,论文用,急,~~~3.暗含与委婉 　　商务谈判有些话语虽然正确,但却令对方难以接受,话语不能取得较好的效果.暗含委婉的语用策略强调“言有尽而意无穷,余意尽
小琨求翻译一段商务英语的翻译,论文用,急,~~~
3.暗含与委婉
　　商务谈判有些话语虽然正确,但却令对方难以接受,话语不能取得较好的效果.暗含委婉的语用策略强调“言有尽而意无穷,余意尽在不言中”,让人领会弦外之意.例如:1 agree with most of what you said.言外之意是There are something in what you said that I can not agree with.这是一种委婉否定的策略.再如,Youshouldhave put forward this move much earlier.其暗含的意思是一种批评:You should not change the program so late.在商务谈判中的许多环境下可运用此策略.如遇到有机密或隐性的不宜直言,遇到某些别有用心的不友好言行或活动场合等不宜直陈时,我们可以采用暗含委婉的策略间接地表达.这可以保留双方面子,避免正面冲突,制造友好气氛.
模糊语用策略在商务谈判中的运用使语言具有很大的灵活性,把输出的信息模糊化.避免过于确定.让谈判者进退自如.避免谈判陷入僵局,留下必要的回旋余地.模糊性的语用策略还能用较少的代价传递足够的信息,并对复杂的事物做出高效率的判断和处理.例如:Our business policy is very clear, and our enterprise credit is also known to all.谈判者在当时情况下对问题不做正面回答.避免出现不利的形势,摆脱在此问题上与对方纠缠.另外模糊语用策略还能起到渲染的作用.从心理上战胜对方.同时,模糊语言可以通过if- clause常用的积极策略,试探对方的意图,例如:To be frank with you, if itweren’tforourgoodrelations,we wouldn’t considering making you affirm offer at this price.在商务谈判中我们可以选择的模糊词有许多:if ,perhaps ,probably ,maybe ,seem ,as if ,as far as T can tell ,I'm afraid ,It is said that ,sort of ,to some extent等.这些模糊限制语在上述的环境下可以帮助谈判人员应付谈判窘境,使谈判顺利进行.如说话人遵守礼貌原则,使用模糊限制语的语用功能,既可清楚地表达“会话含义” 又可尽量避免专断;有时还可以表达“拒绝”的会话含义,又不至于使拒绝过分伤害对方的感情,最终达到间接表达自己的意图,使话语表达显得更得体、更合适.

小琨求翻译一段商务英语的翻译,论文用,急,~~~3.暗含与委婉 　　商务谈判有些话语虽然正确,但却令对方难以接受,话语不能取得较好的效果.暗含委婉的语用策略强调“言有尽而意无穷,余意尽
自己翻译的,
Implication and euphemism
The meaning may be correctly conveyed in business negotiations; however,it sometimes can hardly be accepted by the corresponding side,and no good results can be achieved.The pragmatic strategy of implied euphemism places an emphasis on “the implied meaning beyond words”,conveying the connotation.For example,I agree with most of what you said.It implies that there is something in what you said that I cannot agree with.It is kind of euphemistic disagreement strategy.Another example is by saying you should have put forward this move much earlier.It implies some criticism that you should not change the program so late.This strategy can be adopted in business negotiations under some situation.Encountering something confidential or tacit or facing purposefully unfriendly behaviors or in an embarrassing situation that unfit for explicit statement,we can succeed in keeping both sides from losing faces,avoiding direct conflict and creating friendly atmosphere by handling it with implied euphemism.
The application of ambiguous pragmatic strategy provides language with much flexibility.It can dim the output information,avoiding being excessively definite to make the negotiation plunger into a deadlock and leaving enough space for conciliation,and leaving the negotiators with much freedom.The ambiguous pragmatic strategy can also convey sufficient information with comparatively less cost,and makes efficient judgment and management about complicated matters.For example,if the corresponding side said “our business policy is very clear,and our enterprise credit is also known to all.” The negotiator should not make direct disapproval in order to fall into a disadvantageous position and avoid getting into trouble with him.The ambiguous pragmatic strategy can also acts as a renderer,defeating the other side from mentality.In addition,we can adopt the frequently-used if-clause active strategy to elicit the other side’s intentions.For example,to be frank with you,if it weren’t for our good relations,we wouldn’t consider making you affirm offer at this price.There are a lot of obscure words and phrases for us to choose in business negotiations.They are if,perhaps,probably,maybe,seem,as if,as far as I can tell,I’m afraid,It is said that,sort of,to some extent,etc.These ambiguous phrases can help negotiators to handle embarrassing negotiations,and help negotiations proceed smoothly.The observation of the politeness principle and the application of the pragmatic function of ambiguous languages can not only deliver the “conversational implicature” clearly but also avoid arbitrariness to the greatest extent.Sometimes it can convey the conversational impliacature of refuse without hurting the other’s feeling by using explicit refuse,and finally show one’s own intention,making one’s utterance more appropriate and elegant.