作业帮honey,box,final
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篇一：浅谈“渲染终结者”——Final Render
浅谈“渲染终结者”——Final Render
浅谈“渲染终结者”——Final Render
一. 导语
近年来，由于PC的普及化，很多著名的3D软件制造商开始将以前只能在高端平台运行的3D软件逐渐的移植到PC上来——有些甚至是在PC平台上重新编写的源代码。maya、XSI的出现，更是在好莱坞的影片中大放光彩；3dsmax也是不甘落后，尽快升级到4.0版本，不久便更新到4.2，最近又发布了4.26_intel的优化补丁。同时，像Digimation、Cebas这样的大型插件开发厂商也紧随其后，不断的推陈出新。除了将其原有的插件进行升级之外，还开发出了一些带有“新概念、新技术”的独特插件，尤其是Cebas出品的finalRender和ThinkingParticles更是惹人抢眼，让人叫绝！有很多功能甚至是maya和XSI所望尘莫及的??这回在此讨论的内容便是其中之一——finalRender。顾名思义，这是一款3dsmax的“渲染系统”插件（注意：并不是一般简单的渲染器），中文暂译为“渲染终结者”——听起来有些酷吧.
言归正传，虽然finalRender是一个渲染系统插件，但它却与同类插件有着明显的不同。finalRender不像Mental Ray和Brazil一样，出现在Current Renderers展卷栏里，而是分散的在3dsmax里集成组织，使之自然的成为一个整体——这也是其与众不同的地方；但最主要的功能参数还是在finalRender这一新增的材质里。(见t-1, t-2 )
因为finalRender渲染系统的参数较多，学习起来可能有些困难；尤其是对一些没有接触过其它渲染器的朋友来说，有些概念甚至较难理解。因此，先在这里简单的介绍一下finalRender的新增功能，之后将会有详细的举例，以便大家更好理解。
快速的全局照明GI和焦散caustics
要评价一个渲染器的优劣有很多方面，尤其是全局照明GI和焦散caustics的表现。这两个功能并不是finalRender独有的；在其之前，移植在3dsmax的mental ray和最近才宣布正式版的brazil都有这两种功能。比较来说，finalRender的全局照明无论是在最终效果上，还是在渲染速度上都可以说是后两者所无法比拟的；但是，对于焦散效果,我个人认为mental ray还是比较好的——解释一下，在这里说的“焦散”指的是一般类似玻璃材质的焦散，并不包含体积光的焦散；体积光的焦散是finalRender的新特性，mental ray和brazil就目前的版本而言，还没有此功能。不过，对于一个既有全局照明，又要产生焦散的3D场景来说，finalRender便是最好的选择；因为全局照明所花费的渲染时间要比计算焦散的时间长很多。
最新HDRI（High Dynamic Range Image:高动态范围图像）技术：
谈起finalRender的HDRI，可以说是最让我兴奋的一项功能，甚至可以说是神奇！其实HDRI不能算作是一种新的技术：自从3dsmax R1的版本起，就已经内置了允许使用bitmap格式真实贴图的功能，通过调节output展卷栏下的数值来改变贴图的颜色和光亮度——这便是现在finalRender的HDRI雏形（现在的3dsmax版本依然保留此功能，并做了升级）。利
用finalRender的HDRI技术，用户可以选一张hdr格式的图像来作为3D场景中的环境光源照亮物体，这样会使得渲染出来的图像更加自然和*真。简单点说，HDRI的概念就是表达颜色的真正数值。
最新的Brazil_0_3_55_beta版增加了3S和HDRI的功能；之前brazil的HDRI只是一种全局照明“虚拟”出来的而已，以后会将上图举例作一解释。如果读者仍是对HDRI的概念不甚理解，请与此查阅相关的http://www.debevec.org/~debevec/Research/HDR/ ;; http://www.debevec.org/~debevec/Probes/ ;;
独特的次表面光线分散效果（3S）
finalRender是市面上第一个提供加强版次表面光线分散效果（sub-surface light scattering effects，简称3S）的渲染器，它能让内部的物体在外部的物体上产生真实的阴影效果；尤其是在制作类似人类皮肤、玉器、水果、蜡烛等半透明的效果上，堪称一绝。 实用的illustrator
finalRender的illustrator是一个简单的勾线绘边功能，它能直接渲染出物体自身的轮廓线、物体背后的隐藏线以及物体和物体之间的交叉线等??最厉害的是3D场景中的物体都可以使用3dsmax的任何材质而计算出物体的明暗层次，这样便能模拟一种独特的NPR（non-photo reality）二维效果。当然，如果用户制作的动画追求的是一种平面化的纯二维效果，那么最好是使用其他的工具了——例如：Digimation出品的illustrate！就是一个较好的选择。
新型的纹理工具Textures Baker
finalRender自带了一种纹理工具Textures Baker，简称为tBaker；它是由特殊的tBaker meterial和utility两部分组成。在制作游戏的时候，用户常常会使用位图文档来制作3D场景中灯光照明和投射阴影的效果，每张位图是通过物件表面和物体本身建立的，而tBaker就是让用户从标准光源或是finalrender整体灯光照明控制器区建立灯光贴图的模块工具。使用tBaker便可将任何的投影效果转换为位图文档来表现；透过这种单纯带有光影的位图（其实是将灯光贴图与纹理贴图作了一个乘法运算），不需打光就可以表现整体光线照明的效果。（如图6所示；图7是利用tBaker工具得到的位图文档）
先进的体积光效（Volume Lights）
finalRender的体积光效有自己独立的光能设定界面（Volume Energy Graph），用法类似于3dsmax的Track View。用户只需要增加或删除光能控制点来调节曲线的形状即可（如图8所示）。更有用的是，3dsmax自带的任何3D材质都可以通过finalRender的Volume Lights，而做出各种各样的神奇效果（如图9所示）。不仅如此，它还具有先进的体积光聚焦（Volume Caustic Rendering）功能（如图10所示），使得finalRender的caustics有更加完美的表现。
增加的灯光和阴影类型
finalRender安装好之后，会在灯光创建的面板里增加三种灯光类型：物体光（fRObjLight）、粒子光（fRPartLight）和柱形光（CylinderLight）；并且在灯光的Shadow Parameters展卷栏里增加两种阴影类型：fR阴影贴图（fRShadowMap）和fR软阴影（fRSoftShadows）。同时，finalRender提供了让用户使用3dsmax预设的阴影产生器。这样finalRender将更准确的模拟出真实世界里间接光源（例如：墙面）的光线反射以及具有一定面积或体积的光源辐射而产生的阴影效果。
增强的贴图抗锯齿功能（Texture AA）
一个较好的渲染器必须要有良好和适当的抗锯齿功能。finalRender用它自己新增的贴图抗锯齿属性“forward Adaptive”，来减少贴图的闪烁，使得贴图的边缘有一个平滑的过渡，从而保证即使在最差的环境下也能得到较好的图像品质 。不过用户需要注意的是：要想使用这个功能，必须要将3dsmax升级到4.2版本，否则无法使用！
其实finalRender的功能远不止如此，比如它也有景深和鱼眼效果，不过和以上的功能比起来，实在是有些不足挂齿。然而，据官方发布的消息称，finalRender有上百个特色功能。究竟有没有这么多，那就只好等着您再去发现了??下面将通过几例场景来了解finalRender的具体用法。（在使用光盘上的场景之前，请将finalRenderMaps里的贴图复制到3dsmax相对应的贴图路径下。）
finalRender材质的基本应用
打开光盘上的预备场景finalRenderfR1_refraction.max，场景中存在四个球体和两个box物体，它们都已经赋予了简单的Standard材质。首先来测试一下finalRender材质的折射效果。打开材质编辑器，将赋予Box02的材质球更改为finalRender材质（如图1.1所示）。根据以往制作玻璃材质的经验，要把finalRender材质的Ambient和Diffuse都调节为100%的纯黑色——RGB值全是0；然后，再增加一些高光属性值。打开显示背景开关，降低不透明度参数Opacity到10（如图1.2所示）。渲染一下透视图，您就可以看到简单的折射效果了——在Box02的边缘处尤为明显（如图1.3所示）。
打开finalRender Parameters展卷栏，可以看到有一些参数是比较熟悉的。
Transparency Falloff和Wire是Standard材质原有的参数，
Reflections和Refraction便是分别控制反射和折射的参数（有一些参数是相同的）， 最上面的Globals参数稍后才会用到
先看看Refraction的参数： IOR是折射率——真空时，该值取1。通过右边的灰色按钮，可以放置一个贴图来控制折射率，也就是常说的折射贴图。当使用折射贴图时，Ｍin IOR（最小折射率）这个参数才起作用。因为折射贴图是通过自身像素的灰度级来控制折射率的，该值就是定义折射贴图中灰度级最低的像素所表示的折射率。
Ｍin Smp（最小采样率）和Ｍax Smp（最大采样率） 这两个参数只作用于模糊折射（Blurry Refraction）——当Glossiness小于100的情况，它们的含义是物体上的每个点折射出的光线数目。Ｍin Smp较低的值会使图像产生一些杂点和颗粒，同时会影响渲染速度； Ｍax Smp主要是为了提高渲染质量，防止错误的发生。
Glossiness则定义了物体表面折射区域的模糊数量。较大的值，会使得折射效果清晰、锐化；较低的值，会使得折射模糊，渲染也会变得很慢！和IOR相似，该参数也可以用一张贴图来控制。
明白了这么多的参数，让我们再回到刚才的场景试试吧。将IOR调至为0.5，观察渲染的结果（如图1.5所示）；再调至为2.5，看看有什么变化（如图1.6所示）。之后再将IOR恢复为默认值1.5。接着，再来观察一下Glossiness对渲染结果的影响。将Glossiness降为50进行渲染——渲染应该是比较慢的了，不过有一些模糊的效果了（如图1.7所示）。再把Ｍin Smp从8减小到1，Ｍax Smp保持为32，渲染透视图观看结果。这次快了很多吧，而且模糊的比刚才还“明显”，有些像“毛玻璃”的效果了（如图1.8所示）。这时还可以给这块“毛玻璃”改变一下颜色：改变Filter的RGB值为R=128，G=151，B=251，渲染透视图（如图1.9所示）。有些偏绿吧，那是因为Opacity太低的缘故。将Opacity改为50，同时，选择Transparency Falloff的In模式（默认模式），把右边的数量值Amt增大到90，观察渲染结果（如图1.10所示）。
现在来了解一下Globals参数有哪些特性。按下Advanced Controls按钮（按下后会变为黄色），相应的出现了很多参数。
Split（分离）、Advanced Fresnel（高级菲涅尔）和Metallic（金属）是三种不同的Raytrace计算方式。
Split算法符合物理学的反射和折射定律，是一种理想的、简单的算法。
而Advanced Fresnel是一种基于现实的算法。物理学家Fresnel发现：现实生活中，很多物体表面并没有一个完美的“反射”，即入射角不等于反射角；同时，反射和折射的光强度是受视角影响的——在视角的边缘处，反射和折射得到了加强，而在视角的正中方向，根本不存在反射和折射！例如像车漆的反光。在使用这种方式计算时，一定要配合调整Fresnel IOR参数。
Fresnel IOR定义了反射和折射的最大角度。当取值为4时，会与Split方式有相同的“完美”效果。取值较低时，就会在物体的边缘产生高光。
Metallic计算方式可以理解是更为复杂的、多个轴向的Fresnel算法。它也有一个特殊的控制选项：
Spectral；这个功能是模拟真实环境中类似玻璃的物品由于反射的折射的原因，会在边缘产生一些五颜六色的光谱效果。Amount值越大，效果越明显。
Balance是控制光谱颜色渐变中心点的位置。值为-1时，物体中心点的颜色是Direct Angle的颜色；值为1时，物体中心点的颜色是Direct Angle和Grazing Angle的平均颜色（这仅是个人的一些经验；后面的举例会有解释）。
Direct Angle定义了面向摄像机的物体表面的反射颜色，此值需要Amount调解才能看出效果；
而Grazing Angle则定义了远离摄像机的物体表面的反射颜色。在Direct Angle和Grazing Angle之间，计算机会自动的进行插值运算。需要注意的是：在进行插值运算时，颜色信息是以HSV计算的，而不是RGB！以上所说的一些参数特性，据我个人的观点，对反射效果较为明显。
以后会有举例；现在继续来了解面板里的其它参数。确定使Glossiness有效，并将其值恢复为100；勾选Blur Reflections/Refractions选项，强度Amount默认值为2（如图1.12所示）。渲染透视图观看结果（如图1.13所示）。很明显，这次渲染出的模糊效果跟刚才降低Glossiness产生出的效果有极大的不同，并且渲染速度比较快。这种模糊只能进行一次计算；如果有二次反射或折射的话，这种模糊就会失效。到底哪种效果比较好，那就要看您的喜好和场景需要了。取消Blur选项，勾选Refraction的Absorption（吸收），并将其值增大至100，再次渲染（如图1.14所示）。这次又有些“茶玻璃”的效果了；
Absorption是模拟反射或折射时，光线被吸收的参数。值越大，光线吸收的越多，“玻璃”也就越暗。与现实相反——当取负值时，“玻璃”会变得明亮。接下来四个控制范围的参数与3dsmax内置的灯光参数相似：
Near Start和Near End是控制折射增强的范围；
Far Start和Far End是控制折射减弱的范围。
Decay（衰减）有三个选项： None（无衰减）、Inverse（一次衰减）和Inverse Square（二次衰减）。当不使用范围参数时，折射或反射的Decay（衰减）点是起始于物体表面的；当勾选Near Start和Near End时，Decay（衰减）点是从Near End开始计算的。而Decay（衰减）的结束点是由Far End来决定的。如果没有勾选Far Start、Far End选项，则Decay（衰减）的结束点是在无穷远处。说了这么多，也许有些糊涂了。
简单的小结一下：四个范围参数是控制Decay（衰减）起始点和结束点的位置；Decay（衰减）的三个选项是定义衰减按照哪一个公式进行计算。
Translucency（半透明）这个选项主要是解决半透明物体投射阴影和背面的光照问题。如果场景里有计算半透明物体的折射或反射时，一定要打开该选项；否则有可能将半透明物体渲染成黑影。勾选Translucency（半透明），渲染透视图观察结果（如图1.15所示）。这次渲染出来的“玻璃”有些发白，因为在计算折射时，不仅计算了从前面穿过“玻璃”到达后面的光线，同时，也计算了从后面穿过“玻璃”到达前面的光线；这就使得“玻璃”前面的光线数增多，所以“玻璃”看上去就有些发白了。
篇二：[final]西方社会与文化考纲
Paraphrase
1. These they that all their favours were
soon dispensed and none remained for the endowment of man. (are borned with impetuous)
2. Although they had how to overcome this difficulty, they
(Consider deeply, continued to form man with clay.)
3. ( resemble to)
4. ( thought over, in the risk of )
5. His step was slow and weary,his garments dusty and and he
seemed almost to stagger beneath the weight of a huge box which rested upon his shoulders.(got dirty through the journey)
6. (observe, say
yes to)
7. the cord, unrolling, dropped on the floor.(made up her mind to quit disappointedly, give in to her clumsy fingers)
8. and murder, rape, and theft were committed was full of /soaked, everywhere/in every direction)
9. (drive mankind away)
10. kind, and it happened.（grow）
11. Then God said.’ let the living creatures, and let birds fly
above the earth.(be full of )
12. (made man with the
dust)
13. And God said：‘A man shall leave his father and his motherand they shall be one flesh (stick to /surround)
14. God showed his love for Adam and Eve, by giving them all they needed and more in the best or most complete way)
15. ,’ You will be brought down to hell, to
the sides of the pits.’(declared the fatal sentence/death to)
16. to obey God’s command to go out and fill the
earth.(obvious and exact disobey)
17. The people are organizing as one group and since they all speak the same (stop moving forward)
18. The Lord language on the earth, causing people to abroad.(add/make the number bigger, spread over/scatter all over the world)
Definition（Greek mythology）
1. Prometheus Prometheus is the son of Iapetus, brother of Epimetheus. After time of the creation, he and his brother were ordered to create man to rule over the plants and all kinds of living creatures on the earth. Prometheus with his brother fashioned man from clay. Prometheus loved man so much that he risked his own life to steal fire from Olympus but was discovered by Zeus. To give him punishment, Zeus sent him to the Caucasian Mountain, chaining him to a rock, having an eagle to bite his liver which grew back daily. Suffering for centuries, Prometheus was saved by Heracles, who killed the eagle and broke the chains.
2. Pandora In Greek mythology, Pandora was the first woman on the earth. Each god endowed her with some special charm to make her more attractive. She was made to punish mankind for acceptance of the heavenly fire. Zeus wanted to give Pandora to Prometheus while he refused. Pandora was later became the wife of Epimetheus. At the beginning the couple lived a happy life. However, out of curiosity, Pandora opened the box which was brought in by Hermes. Zeus had crammed into the box all evils of mankind. The world was then soon full of unhappiness and evils. She later opened the box at the second time and the hope flew out and seized the evils. The world was healed again. 3. Pandora’s Box
Zeus sent the box deliberately which filled with all the diseases, sorrows, vices and crimes, that afflict poor humanity, but the box also contained some good spirit, and it could heal the wound and though evil entered into world, brought untold misery, hope followed closely in its footsteps to aid struggling humanity, and point to a happier future.
4. Apollo Apollo is the son of Zeus and Leto, and the brother of Artemis. The twin god were born on the island called Delo. In Greek mythology, Apollo was in many respects the role model of a Greek god. He represents order, harmony and civilization in a way that most other Olympian deities cannot equal. He was described as bright and rational and often associated with the cultivated arts of music and medicine. He was also a frenzied god of wine and women and was admired by many goddesses. He was a fighter, for he killed Python; he was a lover as well, for he fell in love with many deities and people.
5. Trojan War After the prince of Troy Paris stole Helen who was the most beautiful
women and the wife of Menelaus from Sparta, the Greek launched a war which lasted for 10 years, against Troy. But it was difficult to find Troy. In the end, the Greeks failed to take back Helen. The war happened when Telephus had gone to Greece in the hope of having wound cured. The first nine years of the war consisted of both war in Troy and war against the neighboring regions. It came to no result. Then clever Odysseus ordered a large wooden horse to be built. Its insides were to be hollow. Once, a number of the Greek warriors climbed inside. The rest of the Creek fleet sailed away. The wooden horse was taken into Troy and treated a victory by Trojans. That night, the Greek warriors came out from the horse, and they slaughtered the Trojans. Finally, the Greek won the war.
Definition（Bible）
6. Garden of Eden The Garden of Eden planted by God, is described in the Book of Genesis as being the place where the first man, Adam and his wife, Eve lived after they were created by God. It was a place that is pleasant to the sight and good for food. In the middle of the garden stood two trees, the Tree of Life and the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil. Adam and Eve enjoyed to its fullest before Eve was deceived by Satan and they ate the fruit from the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil. But when they ate the fruit from the forbidden tree, they were banished from the Garden of Eden. The Garden of Eden forms part of the creation and is often used to explain the origin of sin and mankind’s wrongdoings. 7. Adam God formed man out of dust of the ground in his own image and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life and man became a living soul. God named the first man Adam and Adam called his wife who was made by his rib Eve. Adam lived in the Garden of Eden. He was told by God that he could freely from every tree of the garden except for the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil. But after Eve was deceived by Satan and ate the fruit from the forbidden tree, Adam also ate it. Instantly, his eyes were opened and his spirit became dead. Because of his disobedience to God, sin and death entered the world. Adam with his wife was banished from the Garden of Eden. 8. Eve Eve was the first woman made by Adam’s rib after God created world and Adam. She was named by his husband, Adam. Eve lived in the
Garden of Eden. Adam was told by God that he could freely from every tree of the garden except for the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil. But later, Eve was deceived by Satan and ate the fruit from the forbidden tree. At the same time, she gave the fruit to Adam. Instantly, her eyes were opened and her spirit became dead. Because of her disobedience to God, sin and death entered the world. Eve with his husband was banished from the Garden of Eden. She was cursed by God that having children will bring her sorrow, and her husband will rule over her. 9. God’s Creation
God’s creation also means Genesis in Hebrew. God created the world in 6 days. In the beginning, God created the heaven and the earth.
Since the earth had no form, the first day God created light and divided the light from darkness. The light was called ‘day’ and the darkness was called ‘night’.
The second day God created a great expanse of air to divide the waters below from the waters above and it was called heaven
The third day there appeared earth which is the dry land and the sea where waters all gather together. The earth produced grass and herbs and fruit trees, all yielding after their kind.
The fourth day God made sun and moon in heaven which ruled by day and night. He also made stars. And God let sun and moon be for signs and season, and for days and years
The fifth day waters abound with living creatures, and birds fly above the earth. They were all blessed by God.
The sixth day the earth was filled with living creatures and the first male and female were made by God called Adam and Eve.
The seventh day, the heaven and the earth were finished. God ended his work. God also blessed the seventh day and made it holy.
Besides, God also planted a garden in Eden. He created angles before He created humans. 10. Noah’s Ark After many years, God saw that man’s wickedness covered the earth, and that every imagination of his heart was only evil continually grieved the Lord. So God decided to destroy mankind except Noah who was loyal to him, by sending a big flood. God told Noah to make a wooden ark which would be covered with tar inside and out to avoid the flood. Noah was also told to take his family and a male and female of every animal by seven. Noah followed God’s order and survived while everything on earth was destroyed. As water receded, God blessed his family and established promise with Noah and his descendants that never again will all people and animal die from a flood. At last, God put his rainbow as a token of his promise.
11. The Tower of Babel Many generations after Noah, when the whole earth still spoke the same language, people traveled to a plain in the Middle East and settled there. They want to make a name of themselves. So, they decided to build a city for settling and a tower for worshiping the sun, moon and stars instead of the Lord himself, which was a direct refusal to obey God’s command to go out and fill the earth. Then, God mixed up their language, causing them to stop building the city. Therefore, the name of that city became “Babel”, which means confusion; because there the Lord multiplied language on the earth, causing people to scatter abroad. 12. The Exodus After Joseph, Abraham’s descendant, died, the new Pharaoh turned the Hebrews into slaves and treated them cruelly in fear that they would gain too much power. He gave orders to kill all the Hebrew newborn sons. However, his daughter named one Hebrew son Moses which means “Drawn out of water”, and raised him up. As Moses grew up, he was told by God to lead the Hebrew out of Egypt together with his brother Aaron. Each time God brought a disease to strike Egypt, the Pharaoh would promise to set the Hebrews free, but each time he would go back on his promise. So, God told the Israel to strike the top of the door frame and two side posts with the lamb’s blood and stayed at home until the next morning. At the same time, they must eat the lamb without breaking any of its bones with unleavened bread that night, which was called the Lord’s Passover. Finally, the Hebrew families were passed over while all the firstborn sons of Egypt were killed. God destroyed the Egyptian army who were pursuing the Hebrews in Red sea and helped the Hebrews walk over the Red sea and manage to get out of Egypt. 13. Ten commandments The Israelites lived in the wilderness with no water and no food after their rescue from Egypt. So, the Lord brought water and rained bread for them. Soon, the nation camped around a mountain in the desert of Sinai. Suddenly, the Lord descended and called Moses to him. Then the Lord wrote down these Ten Commandments. 1) You shall have no other gods before Me. (It means I’m the only God of you) 2) You shall not make idols or bow down to them, nor server them. (It means you are a valued person, you don’t need to worship others.) 3) You shall not use the name of the Lord your God disrespectfully. (It means your name can’t be the same as the God’s) 4) Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. (It means you should celebrate the Sabbath day.) 5) Honor your father and your mother. (It means you should take pride in your parents.)
篇三：2014浙江英语月考卷含听力 答案试卷
九年级英语学科3月检测试卷（2014.3）
命题：九年级英语备课组 审核：九年级英语备课组 考生须知：
1． 试卷满分为120分，考试时间为100分钟。
2． 答题前，在答题纸上写上学校、班级、姓名、座位号和考号。
3． 本卷答案必须做在答题卷相应的位置上，做在试卷上无效。
4． 试卷共 8 页，九大题，81 小题。
I. 听力部分（25 分）
一、听短对话，回答问题（共 5 小题，计 5 分）
听下面 5 段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试题的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What color does the woman speaker like?
A. Red. B. Green. C. Black.
2. How many brothers does Nancy have?
A. One. B. Two. C. Three.
3. Where is the woman speaker now?
A. On a train. B. On a plane. C. In a taxi.
4. When will the meeting probably begin?
A. At 7:45. B. At 8:00. C. At 8:15.
5. What’s the weather usually like in November?
A. Hot. B. Dry. C. Cool.
二、听较长对话，回答问题（共 6 小题，计 12 分）
听下面一段对话，回答第 6 至第 8 三个小题。现在你有 15 秒钟的时间阅读这三小题。
6. How does the man speaker feel at first?
A. Worried. B. Relaxed. C. Happy.
7. What’s the relationship between the two speakers?
A. Workmates. B. Classmates. C. Cousins.
8. What’s the woman speaker’s suggestion?
A. Help each other now. B. Make up the friendship. C. Have something in common.
听下面一段对话，回答第 9 至第 11 三个小题。现在你有 15 秒钟的时间阅读这三小题。
9. When did Helen take the English exam?
A. At the end of the term. B. In the middle of the term. C. At the beginning of the term.
10. What did Helen think of her failure?
A. The exam was too difficult. B. She was not lucky. C. She didn’t work hard.
11. Why didn’t Helen want to watch the football game?
A. It was really boring. B. She didn’t like football. C. The Chinese team did badly.
三、听独白，回答问题（共 4 小题，计 8 分）
听下面一段独白，听独白前，你有 20 秒钟的时间阅读有关材料和 4 个小题。听完独白后，你有 20 秒钟的时间来选择有关选项。独白连读两遍。
12. How many kinds of materials do we need?
A. Three. B. Four. C. Five.
13. Which picture shows the amount of water we need?
A. B. C.
14. What is the third step?
A. Put in some clean water. B. Shake the bottle quickly. C. Put in some shiny paper.
15. Why do we drop some pieces of shiny paper into the bottle?
A. To make it easier to see. B. To make it stronger. C. To make it more beautiful.
Ⅱ. 笔试部分（95 分）
四、单项填空（共 15 小题，计 15 分）
从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
16. The underlined part of the word ―zero‖ is pronounced as _______.
A. /E/ B. /e/ C. /eE/ D. /IE/
17. I’d like to learn ______ guitar, so I joined a music club.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
18. — A latest magazine, please.
—Only one left. Would you like to have _______ ?
A. it B. one C. this D. that
19. 0℃ is the temperature _______ which water freezes.
A. for B. at C. on D. of
20. You can’t predict everything. Often things don’t _______ as you expect.
A. run out B. think up C. work out D. put off
21. — Must I park my car behind the building?
— No, you _______. You may park it here.
A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. don’t have to
22. Carmen said she would phone. I heard nothing, _______.
A. though B. also C. either D. too
23. Mom always tells me it’s _______ of a problem to be poor than to be dishonest.
A. more B. bigger C. fewer D. less
24. He became a famous writer when he was _______.
A. on his fiftieth B. in his fifties C. fifty years
D. for fifty years
25. — How long did it take you to finish painting the wall?
— Well, _______ a whole day.
A. sooner or later B. now and then C. in the end D. more or less
26. — I’d like to join the school volunteer project, but I’m not sure _______.
— Since you love playing soccer, you could help coach a soccer team for little kids.
A. what I should do B. when I should do
C. where could I do D. who should I help
27. — ________ was your day off, Eric?
— You mean yesterday? Oh, really great. I went to Blue Water Aquarium.
A. When B. Where C. What D. How
28. The Nobel Prize in Literature 2012 was awarded to Mo Yan and his books ________ well around the world.
A. would sell B. are sold C. sell D. have been sold
29. Good news came that Nancy decided to donate blood to Dan, and the results of the medical tests came in: she was a _______.
A. suit B. fit C. match D. pair
30. —Have a sweet dream, Honey! —______.
A. I hope so B. I will C. All right D. Thanks, you too
五、完形填空（共 15 小题，计 15 分）
通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在各题所给的四个选项(A,B,C,和 D)中选出一个最佳 答案。
The family had just moved. The young woman was feeling a little Day — and she was 800 miles away from her parents.
She had them that morning, and her mother had mentioned how colorful their backyard was now that spring had arrived. Later, she told her how she missed those lilacs in her parents’ yard. ―I know where we can find some,‖ he said. ―Get the kids and come on.‖ So off they went.
Some time later, they stopped at a and there were lilacs all around. The young woman up to the nearest bush and buried her face in the flowers. , she picked some. Finally, they returned to their car for the trip home. The woman sat smiling, surrounded by her flowers.
When they were near home, she shouted ―Stop,‖ quickly and hurried to a nearby nursing home. She went to the end of the hallway, an elderly patient was sitting in her wheelchair, and put the flowers into her lap. The two breaking into laughter now and then. Later the young woman turned and walked back to her family. the car pulled away, the woman in the wheelchair waved with a smile, and held the lilacs tightly.
―Mom,‖ the kids asked, ―did you give her our flowers?‖ ―It is Mother’s Day, and she seems so while I have all of you. And anyone would be cheered by flowers.‖
This pleased the kids, but not the husband. The next day he some young lilacs around their yard.
I was the husband. Now, every ther’s Day our kids
gather purple lilacs. And every year I remember that smile of the lonely woman. And that has become a forever touching memory of my life.
31. A. green B. red C. yellow D. blue
32. A. visited B. asked C. called D. helped
33. A. husband B. friend C. children D. mother
34. A. door B. garden C. yard D. hill
35. A. moved B. rushed C. walked D. flew
36. A. Proudly B. Carefully C. Quickly D. Sadly
37. A. gave up B. turned over C. woke up D. got off
38. A. where B. which C. that D. when
39. A. ate B. danced C. played D. chatted
40. A. As B. Because C. So D. Since
41. A. why B. when C. how D. where
42. A. quiet B. confused C. alone D. patient
43. A. picked B. dried C. planted D. Hid
44. A. January B. May C. July D. September
45. A. beautiful B. fat C. old D. young
六、阅读理解（共 15 小题，计 30 分。其中第一节 10 小题，计 20 分；第二节 5 小题，计
10 分）
第一节：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D ）中选出最佳选项。
A
When a tornado touched down in a small town nearby, many families were ruined. Afterward, all the local newspapers reported some of the families who suffered the hardest. And a particular picture especially touched me. A young woman stood in front of a totally destroyed mobile home with her young boy and a tiny girl, eyes wide with confusion and fear. I noticed that their sizes closely matched ours. And this would be a good chance to teach my children to help those who are less fortunate.
I gathered my 7-year-old twins, Brad and Brett, and 3-year-old Meghan and explained: ―We have so much, and these poor people now have nothing. We’ll share what we have with them.‖ I encouraged my boys to go through toys and donate some of their less favorite things.
The boy placed the toys they had chosen to donate into one of the boxes while I filled the third box with clothes. Meghan walked up with Lucy, her worn, faded, much-loved rag doll and hugged tightly to her chest. She paused in front of the box, gave her a final kiss, then laid her gently on top of the other toys. ― Oh, honey,‖ I said. ― You don’t have to give Lucy. You love her so much.‖
Meghan said with held-back tears: ―Lucy makes me happy, Mommy. Maybe she’ll make that other little girl happy, too.‖
I stared at Meghan for a long moment, wondering how I could teach the boys the lesson she had just taught me.
The boy had watched, open–mouthed, as their sister placed her favorite doll in the box. Without a
word, Brad rose and went to his room. He came back carrying one of his favorite action figures. And Brett ran to get some of prized Matchbox cars. I pulled all three of them into my arms.
I, who had wanted to teach, had been taught.
46. Which statement best describes the picture in the newspaper?
A. A broken mobile phone. B. A crying boy. C. A hopeless family. D. A happy girl.
47. What does the doll mean to Meghan?
A. Just a worn and boring doll. B. An expensive gift from mom.
C. The friend who makes her happy. D. One of her less favorite dolls.
48. What did the writer want to teach her children after she read the news?
A. To be warm-hearted. B. To be polite. C. To be smart. D. To be useful. A. Toothpaste. B. Shampoo. C. Coats. D. Body cream.
50. In the end, what would the writer probably do?
A. Never teach her children a lesson. B. Replace something old with new ones.
C. Call people to donate the poor family. D. Pack another box with less favorites.
B
Do you know that an amazing world of animal and plant life hides just under the water’s surface? They are coral reefs, the ―rain forests of the sea‖— beautiful underwater worlds. Coral reefs only cover one percent of the sea floor. But they support 25 percent of sea life! Coral itself is actually a small living animal. These animals live together right near each other. Only the outside of the coral is alive, though. The rest of it is made up of the bodies of earlier generations of coral. Coral comes in many different shapes — round, armlike or even flat. Coral gets its food from very small animals that move by slowly and also from algae (海藻).
Algae grow on the coral and stick together to create a reef. The algae give the reef its different colors. Normally coral reefs grow in the water which is not deep. So the sunlight can reach the algae. In warm water reefs can grow strong and healthy. Many different sea animals can find food and a home in .
Coral reefs have a lot to offer humans. They help protect the shore from the hitting of storms and large waves. They provide food and medicine for people. And reefs bring in billions of dollars to local development through jobs and tourism.
But coral reefs need help from people. Scientists predict that about two-thirds of coral reefs are at risk of dying. Humans play a big part in that risk. Pollution and overfishing all hurt the reefs. By 2040, a third of the world’s reefs could die because of harm caused by humans.
People can do a lot to save coral reefs. Recycling trash and saving water make less waste that goes into the sea. Traveling by bus or bike lowers air pollution, which may lead to global warming. Picking up litter on the beach also keeps the water clean.
If everyone takes these steps, change is possible. Healthy coral reefs mean a healthy ocean and a healthy Earth!
51. From the passage we can learn that _________.
篇四：2013杭州上城中考一模英语(解析)
2013年杭州市各类高中招生文化考试上城区初三一模试卷
英
I.听力部分（25分）
一、听短对话，回答问题（共5小题，计5分）
听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试题的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What color does the woman speaker like? A. Red.A. One.A. On a train.A.At 7:45.A. Hot.
B. Green. B. Two. B. On a plane. B.At 8:00. B. Dry.
C. Black. C. Three. C. In a taxi. C.At 8:15. C. Cool.
2. How many brothers does Nancy have? 3. Where is the woman speaker now? 4. When will the meeting probably begin? 5. What’s the weather usually like in November? 二、听较长对话，回答问题（共6小题，计12分）
听下面一段对话，回答第6至第8三个小题。现在你有15秒钟的时间阅读这三小题。6. How does the man speaker feel at first? A.Worried.A. Workmates.A. Help each other now.
B. Relaxed. B. Classmates.
B. Make up the friendship.
C. Happy. C. Cousins.
C. Have something in common.
7. What’s the relationship between the two speakers? 8. What’s the womanspeaker’s suggestion?
听下面一段对话，回答第9至第11三个小题。现在你有15秒钟的时间阅读这三小题。 9. When did Helen take the English exam? A.At the end of the term.
B. In the middle of the term. C.At the beginning of the term.
C. She didn’t work hard. C. The Chinese team did badly.
10. What did Helen think of her failure?
A. The exam was too difficult.B. She was not lucky.11.Why didn’t Helen want to watch the football game? A. It was really boring.
B. She didn’t like football.
语
三、听独白，回答问题（共4小题，计8分）
听下面一段独白，听独白前，你有20秒钟的时间阅读有关材料和4个小题。听完独白后，你有20秒钟的时间来选择有关选项。独白连读两遍。 12. How many kinds of materials do we need?
A. Three.
B. Four.
C. Five.
13. Which picture shows the amount of water we need？ A
B
C.
14. What is the third step?
A. Put in some clean water. B. Shake the bottle quickly. C. Put in some shiny paper. 15. Why do we drop some pieces of shiny paper into the bottle？ A. Tomake it easier to see. B. Tomake it stronger.Ⅱ. 笔试部分（95分）
四、单项填空（共15小题，计15分）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 16. The underlined part of the word ―zero‖ is pronounced as______. A. /? /A. a
B. /e/ B. an
C. /e?/ C. the
D. /i ? / D. /
17. I’d like to learn ______guitar,so I joined a music club. 18. —Alatest magazine, please.
—Only one left. Would you like to have________? A. it
B. one
C. this
D. that
19. 0℃is the temperature ______which water freezes. A. forA. run out
B. at B. think up
C. on C. work out
D. of D. put off
20.Youcan’t predict everything. Often things don’t _______as you expect. 21. — Must I park my car behind the building? — No, you______.Youmay park it here. A. shouldn’tA. thoughB. alsoC. eitherD. too
23. Mom always tells me it’s _____of a problem to be poor than to be dishonest. A. moreA. on his fiftieth
B. bigger B. in his fifties
C. fewer C. fifty years
D. less
D. for fifty years
24. He became a famous writer when he was________. 25. — How long did it take you to finish painting the wall? — Well, _______a whole day.
C. Tomake it more beautiful.
B. mustn’t
C. can’t D. don’t have to
22. Carmen said she would phone. I heard nothing, _______.
A. sooner or later
B. now and then
C. in the end
D. more or less
26. — I’d like to join the school volunteer project, but I’m not sure________ — Since youlove playing soccer, youcould help coach a soccer team for little kids. A. what I should doC. where could I do
27. —________was your day off, Eric?
—Youmean yesterday? Oh, really great. I went to Blue WaterAquarium. A. When
B. Where
C. What
D. How
28. The Nobel Prize in Literature 2012 was awarded to MoYan and his books _____well around the world. A. would sell
B. are sold
C. sell
D. have been sold
29.GoodnewscamethatNancydecidedtodonatebloodtoDan,andtheresultsofthemedical tests came in: she was a_________. A. suitA. I hope so
五、完形填空（共15小题，计15分）
通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在各题所给的四个选项(A,B,C,和D)中选出一个最佳答案。
Thefamily hadjustmoved. Theyoungwomanwas feelinga little— and she was 800 miles away from her parents.
She had
shetoldher
howshemissedthose
on.‖
So young
backyardwasnowthatspringhadarrived.Later, offthey went.
Sometimelater,they womanflowers.
Whentheywerenearhome,sheshouted―Stop,‖nursinghome.Shewenttotheendofthehallway,andputtheflowersintoherlap.Thetwo
quicklyandhurriedtoanearby
anelderlypatientwassittinginher wheelchair,
stoppedata
andtherewerelilacsallaround.The
, she picked
’s Day
B. fit B. I will
C. match C.All right
D. pair
D. Thanks, you too
30. —Have a sweet dream, Honey! —__________.
B. when I should do D. who should I help
lilacsinherparents’yard.―Iknowwherewecanfindsome,‖hesaid.―Getthekidsandcome
some.Finally,theyreturnedtotheir carforthetriphome. Thewomansatsmiling, surrounded by her
woman turned and walked back to her family. the car pulled away, the woman in the wheelchair waved with a smile, and held the lilacs tightly.
―Mom,‖thekidsasked,―so
didyougiveherourflowers?‖―ItisMother’sDay,and she seems
lilacs around
while I have all of you.And anyone would be cheered by flowers.‖
Thispleasedthe kids,butnotthehusband.The nextdayhe
their yard.
Iwasthehusband.Now,every
,ouryardisfulloflilacs.EveryMother’sDayour
woman. And that
kidsgatherpurplelilacs. AndeveryyearIrememberthatsmileofthelonelyhas become a forever touching memory of my life. 31.A. green32.A. visited33.A. husband34.A. door35.A. moved36.A. Proudly37.A. gave up38.A. where39.A. ate40.A.As41.A. why42.A. quiet43.A. picked44.A. January45.A. beautiful
B. red B. asked B. friend B. garden B. rushed B. Carefully B. turned over B. which B. danced B. Because B. when B. confused B. dried B. May B. fat
C. yellow C. called C. children C. yard C. walked C. Quickly C. woke up C. that C. played C. So C. how C. alone C. planted C. July C. old
D. blue
D. helped D. mother D. hill D. flew D. Sadly D. got off D. when D. chatted D. Since D. where D. patient D. hid D. September D. young
六、阅读理解（共15小题，计30分。其中第一节10小题，计20分；第二节5小题，计
10分）
第一节：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项。
A
Whena tornadotoucheddownina smalltownnearby,manyfamilieswereruined.Afterward, all the local newspapers reported some of the families who suffered the hardest.And a particular pictureespeciallytouchedme.Ayoung woman stood in front of a totally destroyed mobile home withheryoungboyandatinygirl,eyeswidewithconfusionandfear. fortunate.
I gathered my 7-year-old twins, Brad and Brett, and 3-year-old Meghan and explained: ―We have so much, and these poor people now have nothing. We’ll share what we have with them.‖
Ibroughtthreelargeboxesandfilledoneoftheboxeswithcannedgoods,soapandother toiletries. I encouraged my boys to go through toys and donate some of their less favorite things.
TheboyplacedthetoystheyhadchosentodonateintooneoftheboxeswhileIfilledthe thirdbox with clothes. Meghan walked up with Lucy,her worn, faded, much-loved ragdoll and huggedtightlytoherchest.Shepausedinfrontofthebox,gaveherafinalkiss,thenlaidher gently on top of the other toys. ―Oh, honey,‖ I said. ―You don’t have to give Lucy.You love her so much.‖
Inoticedthattheirsizes
closelymatchedours. Andthiswould beagoodchancetoteachmychildrentohelpthosewho are less
Meghansaid with held-backtears: ―Lucymakesmehappy,Mommy.Maybeshe’llmakethatother little girl happy,too.‖
I staredatMeghan foralongmoment,wonderinghow Icould teachtheboysthelessonshe had just taught me.
The boy had watched, open–mouthed, as their sister placed her favorite doll in the box. Withouta word, Brad rose and went to his room. He came back carrying one of his favorite action figures.And Brett ran to get some of prized Matchbox cars. I pulled all three of them into my arms.
I, who had wanted to teach, had been taught.
46. Which statement best describes the picture in the newspaper?
A.Abroken mobilephone. B.Acrying boy. C.Ahopelessfamily. D.Ahappy girl. 47. What does the doll mean to Meghan? A. Just a worn and boring doll
B.An expensive gift from mom. D. One of her less favourite dolls. C. Tobe smart.C. Coats.
D. Tobe useful. D. Body cream.
C. The friend who makes her happy A. To be warm-hearted. A. Toothpaste.
48. What did the writer want to teach her children after she read the news?
B. Tobe polite. B. Shampoo.
49. What can NOT be toiletries?
50. In the end, what would the writer probably do? A. Never teach her children a lesson.C. Call people to donate the poor family.
B. Replace something old with new ones. D. Pack another box with lessfavourites B
Doyouknowthatanamazingworldofanimalandplantlifehidesjustunderthewater’s surface?Theyarecoralreefs,the
―rain
forestsofthesea‖—
beautifulunderwaterworlds.Coral
reefsonlycover one percent of the sea floor. But they support 25 percent of sea life! Coral itself is actuallya small living animal. These animals live together right near each other.Only the outside of the coral is alive, though. The rest of it is made up of the bodies of earlier generations ofcoral.Coralcomesin manydifferent shapes — round,armlike or evenflat. Coral getsits food from very small animals that move by slowly and also from algae(海藻).
Algae grow on the coral and stick together to createa reef. The algae give the reef its differentcolors.Normallycoralreefsgrowinthewaterwhichisnotdeep.Sothesunlightcan reachthealgae. Inwarmwaterreefscangrowstrongandhealthy. Manydifferentseaanimals can find food and a home in.
Coral reefs havea lot to offer humans. They help protect the shore from the hitting of stormsandlargewaves. They providefood and medicinefor people. And reefs bringin billions of dollars to local development through jobs and tourism.
Butcoralreefsneedhelpfrompeople.Scientistspredictthatabouttwo-thirdsofcoralreefs
篇五：2012年上期期中考试试卷
2012年上期期中考试试卷
课程名称 英语 适用班级 大14--17 班 考试时量 90 分钟
一、单项选择题（每一小题的备选答案中，只有一个答案是正确的，请把你认为正确答案的题号填入括号内。20小题，每小题1分，共20分）。
1. .Not until the early 1900s___D__to vote in the United States.
A .women were allowed B. they allowed women
C. when women were allowed D. were women allowed
2. Most of the teachers of this primary school are in their ____B_ .
A. thirty
of age.
3. The movie is __C___ fascinating I want to see it for another time.
A. so…so B. as… in order C. so …that D. as… in that B. thirties C. thirty years D. thirty years
4. he arrived we learned about the change of the plan.
A. Not until that
C. Not until then B. It was not until had D. It was not until that
5. It is important us the balance of nature.
A. for…to keep B. of…to keep
C. for…keeping D. of…to have kept
6. No sooner had he left the police arrived.
A. when B. then C. than D. before
7. Although he was in a hurry, he stopped the old man to carry the heavy box.
A. Although; helping B. Although;. to help
C. As; helping D. As; to help
8. .The woman ______ lives next door is a nurse.
A. whose B. whom C. who D. which
9. . Li Ying is one of the girls ____ to college in the village.
A. who goes B. who go C. whom go D. which goes
10. It is the best TV play ____ I’ve seen.
A. that B. which C. since D. what
11. . Is this the factory _____ we wanted to visit a long time ago?
A. that B. where C. when D. the one
12. Don’t change your mind, ______ happens to you.
A. which B. what C. whichever D. whatever
13. The weather here is quite different from____ of Beijing.
A. that B. it C. one D. the one
14. Lily’s parents haven’t been to Beijing. ________she.
A. So does B. So has C. Nor does D. Neither has
15. . ______ he is, Tom knows a lot of things.
A. Child as B. Clever as C. Fool although D. A boy as
16. I can’t ______ the bad weather any longer.
A. ensure B. put up
C. stand with D. endure
17. My friends help me _______ the difficulty.
A. get over B. get to
C. get through D. go through
18. The woman does sports every day and keep a balance diet so that she looks ____great shape.
A. at B. in C. on D. /
19.The shoes are worn out . Let’s ______mending them.
A. go to B. go about C. / D. go ahead
20. His parents _____him _____ an hour’s television a night.
A. limit …in… B. let… to…
C. limit…to… C. limit… for…
二、完型填空（10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分）
Henry's job was to examine cars which crossed the frontier(边境)to make sure that they were not smuggling（走私）anything into the country. Every evening except at weekends, he would see a factory worker coning up the hill towards the frontier, a bicycle with a big load of old straw on it. When the bicycle frontier, Henry used to stop the man and him take the straw off and untie it. Then he would examine the straw carefully to see he could find Anything, after which he would look in all the man's pockets he let him tie the straw again. He never found one evening, after he had looked through the straw and emptied the worker's pockets usual, he said to him," Listen, I know that you are smuggling things the frontier. Won't you tell me what it is that you're bringing into the country so
successfully? I'm an old man, and today's my last day on the job. Tomorrow I'm going to .I promise that I shall not tell anyone if you tell me what you've been smuggling." The worker did not say anything for . Then he smiled, turned to Henry and said quietly, "Bicycles."
21.
22.
23. A. pushing B. pulling C. filling D. carrying A. arrived B. appeared C. came D. reached A. force B. order C. make D. call
24. A. that B. where C. how D. whether
25. A. before B. thus C. after D .so
26. A. nothing B. something C. everything D. anything
27. A. then B. more C. as D. like
28.A. cross B. past C. across D. into
29. A. return B. retain C .retire D. rest
30. A. long time B. period C . a moment D. some time
三、阅读理解(15小题，每2小题分，30共分）)
A
The bee, like the ant, is a social insect. Bees live in groups in a hive, and every bee does certain work that helps the other members of the group. In a beehive there are three kinds of bees: the queen bee, the drones (male bees) and the workers. The worker bees go from flower to flower collecting nectar (the sweet liquid collected by bees from flowers). Bees draw this nectar into the honey sacks of their bodies, and enzymes(酶) in their bodies turn the nectar into honey. This newly-made honey
zone(渗出物) passes slowly through the underside of the bees and is stored in cells in the hive to be used as food during the winter months. Some people are in the honey business and keep hundreds of hives. Beekeepers remove honey from the hive and pack it in bottles or jars. Honey usually appears as a clear golden-colored liquid, but this depends on the kind of flower from which the bees have taken the nectar.
31. Bees are called social insects because they _____.
A). live in groups B). live near people
C). need beekeepers D). work hard
32. What do bees do with nectar?
A) They change it into sugar.
B) They change it into honey.
C) They give it to the queen bee.
D) They use it to build their hives.
33. Honey is usually sold in _____.
A). beehives B). golden-colored packs
C). honey sacks D). bottles and jars
34. The color of honey in its final stage depends on the _____.
A) type of flower from which the nectar was taken
B) amount of sugar the beekeepers give the bees
C) quantity of water that the bees need
D) season in which the nectar is collected
35. What is the best title of this passage?
A) Social Habits of Bees
B) The Work of Beekeepers
C) The Production of Honey
D) The Three Types of Bees
B
To be a good teacher, you need some of the gifts of a good actor: you must be able to hold the attention and interest of your audience; you must be a clear speaker, with a
good, strong, pleasing voice which is fully under your control; and you must be able to act what you are teaching, in order to make its meaning clear.
Watch a good teacher, and you will see that he does not sit motionless before his class: he stands the whole time while teaching; he walks about, using his arms, hands and fingers to help him in his explanations, and his face to express feelings. Listen to him, and you will hear the loudness, the quality and the musical note of his voice always changing according to what he is talking about.
The fact that a good teacher has some of the gifts of a good actor doesn’t mean that he will indeed be able to act well on the stage, for there are very important
differences between the teacher’s work and the actor’s. The actor has to speak words which he has learnt by heart; he has to repeat exactly the same words each time he plays a certain part, even his movements and the ways in which he uses his voice are usually fixed beforehand. What he has to do is to make all these carefully learnt words and actions seem natural on the stage.
A good teacher works in quite a different way. His audience takes an active part in his play: they ask and answer questions, they obey orders, and if they don’t
understand something, they say so, which is his class. He cannot learn his part by heart, but must invent it as he goes along.
.
A. how to become an ordinary teacher
B. what a good teacher should do outside the classroom
C. what teachers and actors could learn from each other.
D. The similarities and differences between a teacher’s work and an actor’s.
37. A good teacher .
A. knows how to hold the interest of his students
B. has a low voice
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