作业帮 > 字数作文 > 教育资讯

关于信件的英语作文

来源:学生作业帮助网 编辑:作业帮 时间:2024/09/24 03:28:57 字数作文
关于信件的英语作文字数作文

篇一:英语写信作文

1、推荐信

Dear Brown,

It is my pleasure to recommend Li Ming, my good friend, for his application to work in your company. Li Ming graduated from Beijing Industry University. His major is Computer Software. During the four years'study he has done a good job. Every year he got the first grade scholarship. And he also has got the title of the Excellent Graduate.

He is an enthusiastic and progressive young man with high potentiality. He is not only quick at learning but also good at solving difficult problems with logical mind. I am sure that it will benefit your company if he can work for your company. I strongly recommend him to your company.

Yours, Wang Lin

亲爱的布朗:

我很高兴推荐我的好朋友李明在您的公司工作。李明毕业于北京工业大学。他的专业是计算机软件。在四年的学习中,他的功课非常优秀。每年他都获得一等奖学金,而且他已经获得了优秀毕业生的称号。

他是一个热情、积极上进、具有很大潜力的年轻人。他不仅学习快而且善于用逻辑解决难题。我相信如果他能进入你们公司工作,会给你们公司带来很多好处。我强力推荐他到你们公司。

您的朋友

王林

Dear Brown,

I am very glad to recommend Li Ming, my good friend, for a job in your company. He is a graduate from Beijing Industry University. His major is Computer Software. In the past four years he has got the first grade scholarship for four times. And this year he got the title of the Excellent Graduate.

He not only studies well but also has great capacity. He is good at solving difficult problems with logical mind. I think that he has great potentialities. If he can join the company, he will be able to give full play to his talent. And your company will also be greatly benefited. I strongly recommend Li Ming to your company.

Yours,Wang

Lin

亲爱的布朗,

我很高兴推荐我的好朋友李明在您的公司工作。李明是北京工业大学的一名毕业生。他的专业是计算机。在过去四年里,他得了四次一等奖学金,而且今年他获得了优秀毕业生的称号。

他不仅学习好而且有很强的能力。他善于用逻辑解决难题,我认为他有很大潜力。如果他能进入你们公司工作,他就能够展现他的才能,你们公司也会受益匪浅。我强力推荐他到你们公司。

您的朋友

王林

2、求职信

Dear Sir or Madam,

I have learned from an advertisement that your company is in need of a secretary. I would like you to consider me for the position.My name is Li Min. I am twenty-three years old. I am studying business management in Xiamen University. I will graduate this summer. I am familiar with computer operation and office softwares, which can help me do the office work very well. And I have learned English for ten years.In the past two years, I have been an editor for the English Paper of my department. My grades come out top in my department. What's more, I like office work very much and I also think that I can be competent for the job.If I could have the opportunity to get the job I will be quite appreciative.

Thank you for your consideration. I look forward to hearing from you.

Yours faithfully

Li Min

亲爱的先生或女士:

我从一则广告上得知你们公司需要秘书。我希望您考虑一下我。我叫李敏,23岁,现在在厦门大学学习经济管理,今年夏季即将毕业。我精通计算机操作及办公软件的使用,这可以帮助我做好办公室工作。我学了十

年英语。在过去的两年里我一直担任本系英语报的一名编辑。我的成绩在系里名列前茅。另外,我非常喜欢办公室工作并且我也认为我能胜任这个工作。如果我能有机会得到这份工作,我会非常感激。

谢谢您的考虑。我盼望着您的回信。

您忠实的朋友

李敏

Dear Sir or Madam,

In an advertisement I know that your company is in need of a secretary. I would like to apply for the job.

I am a student of business management in Xiamen University. My name is Li Min. I am twenty-three years old and will graduate this summer.I am able to operate computer skillfully. I think this is very important for office work. I have learned English for ten years. I am very good at English, so I have been an editor of my department's English Paper in the past two years. My grades are among the best ones in my department. Besides,I like office work very much and I can be competent in it. I will be quite appreciative if I am offered the opportunity.

Thank you for your consideration. I wish to get your answer soon.

Yours faithfully

Li Min

亲爱的先生或女士:

我从一则广告上得知你们公司需要秘书,我打算申请这份工作。

我是厦门大学经济管理系的学生。我叫李敏,23岁,今年夏季即将毕业。我能熟练运用计算机。我认为这一点对于办公室工作是非常重要的。我学了十年英语。我英语很好,所以在过去的两年里我一直是本系英语报的一名编辑。我的成绩在系里名列前茅。另外,我非常喜欢办公室工作而且我能胜任这个工作。如果我得到这个机会,我会非常感激。

谢谢您的考虑。我希望不久就得到您的回信。

您忠实的朋友

李敏

3、感谢信

Dear Mr. John,

How are things going with you in Beijing?

I am writing to show my thanks to you. You tutored me in my spoken English before you went to Beijing. With your help I made such rapid progress that I won the first place in the Spoken English Competition of the city. My achievement is owed to your help. Thank you very much.

I have heard that you and your wife will pay a visit to my school. I am very glad at the news. In that case we can see each other again. I am looking forward to your coming. I am sending you a telescope as a small gift. I hope you will like it.

All the best.

Yours,

Liu Jie

亲爱的约翰先生:

您在北京过得怎么样?

我写信向您表达我的谢意。去北京前您辅导我的英语口语。在您的帮助下我很快取得进步,所以能在市里举办的英语口语比赛中取得第一名。我的成绩应该归功于您的帮助。非常感谢。

我听说您和您的夫人要来我们学校访问。听到这个消息我非常高兴。那样的话我们就又可以见面了。期盼着您的到来。我给您寄去一件小礼物“望远镜”。希望您喜欢。

万事如意。

您的朋友

刘杰

Dear Mr. John,

How are you getting on in Beijing?I am writing to tell you a piece of good news. I am the champion of the Spoken English Competition held in the city. The success is owed to your help. Before you went to Beijing you spent much time

on my spoken English so that I made great progress in it. As a result I got the first place in the competition. Thanks a lot. I heard that you and your wife would visit my school. I am very happy and expect to see you soon. I am sending you a telescope as a small gift. I hope you will like it.

Best wishes.

Yours,

Liu Jie

亲爱的约翰先生:

您在北京过得怎么样?

我写信告诉您一个好消息。我在市里举办的英语口语比赛中取得第一名。我,的成功归功于您的帮助。您花了很长时间辅导我英语口语,我因此取得很大进步并且获得比赛的第一名。多谢。

我听说您和您的夫人要来我们学校访问。我非常高兴并期望很快见到您。我给您寄去一件小礼物“望远镜”。希望您喜欢。

一切顺利。

您的朋友

刘杰

4、公开信

Dear Editor,

I'm writing to tell you about the discussion on whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks. Opinions vary from person to person on this issue.

50% of the students disagree with the idea of entrance fees. In their opinion, parks are public places where all the people can have a rest and enjoy themselves. So if an entrance fee is charged, some people will surely be kept away from the park. Besides, in order to charge entrance fees,gates and walls must be built. They think that it will do harm to the appearance of a city.

40% of the students agree with the idea of entrance fees, because the gardeners need to be paid and new plants and flowers need to be bought.But fees should be charged reasonably.

Yours truly,

XXX

亲爱的编辑:

我写信告诉您关于公园是否要收门票的讨论结果。在这个问题上,意见有分歧。

60%的学生不同意收费。他们认为公园是公共场所,所有人都可以在那休息娱乐。所以如果收门票,必然有些人会被拒之门外。另外,为了收门票,就得建大门和围墙,他们认为这会破坏城市的形象。

40%的学生同意收门票。因为需要付给园丁工资,而且需要购进新的花木。但是收费应该合理。

您真正的朋友

XXX

Dear Editor,

I'm writing to tell you about the discussion on whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks.

Opinions vary from person to person on this issue. 60% of the students oppose the idea of entrance fees. They believe everyone can go to parks for rest and fun because parks are public places. But an entrance fee may keep some people/tway from the park. Besides, in order to charge entrance fees,it is necessary to build gates and walls, which will do harm to the appearance of a city.

40% of the students approve of the idea of entrance fees, because money is needed to pay the gardeners and to buy new plants and flowers.But fees should be charged reasonably.

Yours truly,

XXX

亲爱的编辑:

我写信告诉您关于公园是否要收门票的讨论结果。在这个问题上,意见有分歧。

60%的学生不同意收费。他们相信每个人都可以去公园休息娱乐,因为公园是公共场所。但是门票会把一些人拒之门外。另外,为了收门票,就必须建大门和围墙,然而这会破坏城市的形象。

40%的学生同意收门票。因为需要钱付给园丁工资和购进新的花木。但是收费应该合理。

您真正的朋友

XXX

5、给校长的信

Dear Headmaster,

As the minister of students' life in the Student Union, I am writing to you to reflect something about our canteen. To our satisfaction, the canteen supplies us with various kinds of food.This gives us many choices. At the same time the price for the food is low and the food is tasty. And the surroundings for having a meal have been improved. The canteen has become clean. And when we are eating, we can watch TV.

But something unsatisfactory exists, too. For example, the quantity of a helping is less than it should be. This is unfair. And in the canteen, the seats are not enough. Some students have to stand while eating. We hope that the school will consider addingmore seats for us.

Finally we hope that they can improve the quality of the food and their service. We will be very happy if our advice is taken.

Yours respectfully,

XXX

尊敬的校长:

作为学生会生活部部长,我给您写信反映食堂的情况。

令我们满意的是,食堂提供很多种类的食物,这给了我们很多选择。同时饭菜价格便宜,味道可口,而且就餐环境也改善了。食堂干净了。我们吃饭时还可以看电视。

但是令人不满意的方面也存在。例如,食物分量不足,这是不公平的。并且食堂的座位不够,一些学生不得不站着吃。我们希望学校会考虑增添些座位。

最后我们希望他们能改进饭菜的质量,改善服务。我们的建议若被采纳我们会非常高兴。

尊敬您的

XXX

6、给泰勒先生的信

Dear Mr. Taylor,

I am a student from X X Middle School. We met some difficulty. Our teacher, Ms Wang, told us that we could write to you for help.

Here is the problem. The English Club of our school will hold Drama Night on October 20th. We want to take part in it very much. But we have some difficulty in choosing the play, because we can only spend about forty minutes in acting the play and the play should not be too difficult and should be related to the school life. We know little about British drama, so it is too difficult for us to choose the play. You are an expert in British drama, so could you choose one for us please?

We are eager to get your early answer. We will appreciate any of your help.

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

亲爱的泰勒先生,

我是来自KX中学的学生。我们遇到了一些困难。我们的老师王女士告诉我们可以给您写信求助。 下面是我们的问题。我们学校的英语俱乐部将在10月20日举行“戏剧之夜”。我们非常想参加。但是在选择剧目上有困难。因为我们只能用40分钟左右来完成表演,而且剧本不能太难,并要跟校园生活有关。我们对英国戏剧了解很少,因此我们很难选剧本。您是英国戏剧方面的专家,您能帮我们选择一个吗?

我们急切盼望着你的回信。我们会非常感谢您的帮助。

您诚挚的朋友

李华

7、给市长的信

假如你是 Tom ,是某中学的在校学生,你给市长写封信,反映学校周围的环境问题。

1. 学校周围存在一个市场,噪音、空气污染严重;

2. 小商贩( peddler )经常出入学校,影响学生上课;

3. 受市场影响,部分学生弃学从商;

4. 要求搬迁市场。

要求:

1. 词数: 100 左右;

2. 论点明确,论证合乎逻辑。

〔内容要点〕

1. 噪音空气污染严重:

noise and air pollution are serious

2. 商贩出入学校:

peddler often go in and out of school

3. 部分学生弃学从商:

give up schooling and to be in-business

4. 要求市场搬迁:

ask the market to be moved

〔例题分析〕

本文要求考生陈述市场需要搬迁的理由,并进行论证,使之有理有据。本文对于培养学生观察、分析问题的能力及关心他人,关心社会具有积极的意义。

〔参考范文〕

Mr Mayor,

We strongly ask the market near our school to be moved. It lies in three reasons.

First, some noise and air pollution make us unable to fix our attention on study.

Second, so many peddlers often go in and out of our school freely that we can't listen to our lessons clearly which is likely to be dangerous to us.

At last, I'll say that some of the students begin to give up schooling and to be in-business, affected by the market. We are looking forward to your answer.

Yours,

Tom

8、给国外朋友的信

To Dick

Dear Dick,

How time flies! I'm very glad to hear from you again. You want to know what is going on in schools in China. In a word, everything has changed. Every school takes part in the campaign of reducing learning load. In the past, I used to study until 11,30 at weekends. But now I can arrange things' on my own, such as reading books, visiting museums, or taking computer lessons in my weekend days. In the evenihg I can watch news on TV, orread newspapers. What's more, my parents support me. They said although I was a student, I didn't have to work all day long. I think the idea of reducing learning load is well accepted by everyone.

Best wishes.

Yours,

Li Hua

给Dick的一封信

亲爱的Dick:

时间过得真快啊!很高兴又收到你的信。你说你想知道现在中国学校的有关情况。总而言之,一切都发生了改变。每所学校都参与到减负活动中来了。过去,我周末通常学习到深夜11:30,但是现在,我可以安排自己的事情,比如看书、参观博物馆,或者参加电脑培训班。晚上我还可以看电视新闻或看看报纸。而且,我的父母还很支持我,他们说虽然我还是个学生,但是也不必成天到晚都学习。我觉得减负这一概念很能为大家接受。 致以最美好的祝福!

李华

篇二:书信英语作文

2009年考研英语书信类作文写作格式

2008-12-18 考上网

一、写作格式

1、称呼

(1)机构 A、不认识负责人 Dear Sir or Madam, Dear Sir / Madam, To whom it may concern, B、认识负责人 Dear Mr./Ms. President/Professor/Manager/Editor (Michael) Wang, (2)个人 A、关系不亲密 Dear Mr./Ms. President/Professor/Manager/Editor Wang, B、关系亲密 Dear Michael,

2、正文

3、落款 (1)祝福语 Best wishes! / The best regards! (2)签名 Yours sincerely, Li Ming 二、必用信息 1、自我介绍 (1)工作

I am a staff member from your company/corporation.

(2)学生

I am a freshman/sophomore/junior/senior/undergraduate/graduate from the Department of Chinese Language and Literature of Beijing University.

2、写作目的

I am writing the letter in purpose of ordering some books/resigning from my current post/position.

3、尾段写法

A 表示感谢

(1) My appreciation to you for your generous help is beyond words.

(2) Words fail me when I want to express my sincere gratitude to you.

(3) I take this opportunity to show my heartfelt appreciation for the kind assistance you rendered me.

B 期待回信 (1) I am looking forward to your reply/hearing from you soon. (2) I look forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience. (3) Your prompt attention to my inquiry would be highly appreciated. 4、常用书信的客套语 一.问候 I haven’t heard from you for ages. How are you doing? I haven’t seen you for such a long time. How are you getting along with your work? 二.祝贺 I want to congratulate you with all my heart.

I warmly congratulate you on what you’ve achieved. 三.致谢 I am most grateful to you for your help. I want to thank you heartily for what you have done.

四.询问

I wonder if you could tell me what to do.

I’d be most grateful if I could have your full support.

Please could you let me know something about it.

五.邀请

Is there any chance of your coming to have dinner with us at our home?

We are wondering if you could come to have dinner with us at our home.

六.接受邀请

I’m delighted to accept your invitation.

Thanks for your invitation. I’m certainly looking forward to joining you.

七.拒绝邀请

I’m sincerely sorry that we can’t join your dinner party.

I regret to say “no” to your invitation. Thank you for your invitation but unfortunately? 八.抱歉 I do apologize for having kept you waiting. I’m awfully sorry for giving you so much trouble. 九.同情

I’m more than sorry to hear of your illness.

I can’t tell you how sad I felt when I heard of?

十.安慰

It was a great shock to hear?

I just can’t tell you how saddened I am?

I’m most grieved to learn of?

假使您是某公司销售经理,代表公司向老客户写一封通知涵。 内容:为更好推销本公司新产品,公司特向所有老客户发出通知,告诉他们本公司已把网站全部进行更新,并在网上提供了一批新产品,供客户选购。欢迎客户访问已更新的网站。

最佳答案 Dear ****,

In order to market the new products of our company better,we have sent out public notice in which says that we have updated all the websites and offered a set of new products for the clients to choose from to all the frequent customers.And welcome you to visit the website which has been updaated.

Yours sincerely

首先我们讲一下书信写作的基本格式(the format of a letter)

考研当中的书信格式比商务信函的格式要宽松很多,一般的商务信函要求把自己的名字、地址什么的相关信息写在右上角,左上角写上对方的姓名和地址。但是在考研英语中,地址都不需要写,所以只包含三个部分的相关内容。

1,称呼(salutation)

英文当中称呼包含两大类,一个是比较正式的称呼,一类是不太正式的称呼。

(1)正式的称呼

a 团体、机构、组织或不知道对方姓名:Dear Sir/Madam,(称呼中要体现男女平等)

b 收信人是某个领导或者是上司Dear Mr.XXX或者Dear Ms.XXX或者Mrs.XXX

(2)不正式的称呼

收信人是朋友或者熟人Dear +given name

2,主题(body)

根据文章内容的要求来进行细分。但是要注意英文的信件往往是有什么说什么,开门见山,切忌拐弯抹角。

3,落款(complimentary close)

(1) 写给团体、组织、机构:yours faithfully,

(2) 写给老板、上司、老师:yours sincerely,

(3) 写给好朋友,熟人等等:kind regards,或者best wishes,

书信写作的语域要求

下面我们简单介绍一下语域(register)方面的要求:

1,根据写作对象确定语域,通常给正式的机构写信就采用正式的语域,给朋友写信就采用非正式的语域。

举个简单的例子,比如是这么一句话“请告诉我你能否参加下星期的会”

如果是你和朋友有一个简单的聚会的话,你可以这么写:Let me know if you can come for the meeting next week.

如果写信的对象是朋友以外的组织机构,你的上司,或者陌生人的话,你得这么写:Please kindly inform us of your availability for the meeting to be held next week. 其中,用了一个难词availability和一个不定式的被动语态。

假如现在是邀请一个朋友来共度周末的话:How about coming down to stay with us for weekend?

假如是要求一个合作伙伴,领导什么的话,像刚才这么说,语域上就不太合适了,你可以说:We would like to invent you for a weekend. 或者 We would appreciate it if you could come for the weekend.

2,另外,正式和非正式的一个标志之一就是有没有省略。正式的一般不能省略,反之。

比如你给上司买了一张票,希望他到你那里去取,你该怎么说?I would like you to come to my office to pick up the ticket.

写给朋友呢?Come to my office for ticket.

3,另外一个标志是有没有缩略语

I would like to(正式)

I'd like to(非正式)

篇三:高考满分英语作文范文关于书信

Dear peter:

I am writing to ask whether you are able to do me a favor.

Since I am quite interested in English, I would like find an English pen friend to improve my writing. Can you introduce one to me? My ideal pen friend should be of my age, and a boy will be better. A boy who likes traveling and football will be a good candidate.

In my opinion, the guy of my age will share almost the same experience as me and it is easier to talk to each other. We can share our feelings of traveling and football. If possible, I hope that he like pets. Hope you can find an ideal pen friend. Thank you.

Best regards, li Hua

篇四:英文书信格式及范文

英文书信格式及范文

一、 英文书信的结构

二、 书信作文的出题形式和写作要领

三、 书信作文练习及其参考范文

书信是重要的交际工具。英文书信分为两大类:公务信件和私人信件。公务信件是单位与单位或单位与个人之间来往的书信,可能是推荐信、求职信、入学申请书、邀请信,或询问、答复、反映意见(如投诉信)等的信件。私人信件是指亲戚朋友之间的通信。这两类书信各有自己的格式。一般说来,私人信件不拘形式,信文多用手写,也可打印;公务信件要求比较严格,必须遵循一定的格式,信文一定要打印。

第一节 英文书信的结构

英文书信一般由以下六部分组成:信头、信内地址、称呼、正文、结尾、签名。

1. 信头(Heading)

信头是指写信人的地址和写信日期, 一般写在或打在第一面信纸的右上角,先写地址再写日期,地址的写法是从小到大,先写门牌号、路号,再写区名、市名、省名,最后写国名。时间的写法对英国人和美国人而言是不同的。英国人习惯按日、月、年的顺序写,

而美国人习惯按月、日、年的顺序写。例如:

英式:1st October,1999

美式:October 1,1999

在英式时,月和年之间的逗号可用可不用,但是在美式中,必需要使用逗号。

1. 信头的写法有缩进式(Indented Form)和齐头式(Block Form)

缩进式每行开头向右缩进一两个字母;齐头式左边对齐排列,如下所示: 缩进式

Wang Ming

Dept. of Chemical Engineering

Dalian University of Technology

Dalian 116023

Liaoning Province

P. R. China

齐头式

Wang Ming

Dept. of Chemical Engineering

Dalian University of Technology

Dalian 11

关于信件的英语作文

6023

Liaoning Province

P. R. China

2. 信内地址 (Inside Address)

信内地址要写出收信人的姓名和地址。一般给比较生疏的亲友的信和公事信件要写出信内地址,而熟悉朋友可以省去这一步骤。信内地址写出在日期下一两行的左上

角,第一行写收信人的称呼姓名,然后写出地址。地质也是从小到大写出,分缩进式和齐头式两种。例如:

缩进式

The President

Oxford University

England

齐头式

Jiang Bin

64Heping Road

P.R.China

5.1.3 称呼(Salutation)

称呼是对收信人的称谓,应与左边线对齐,写在收信人姓名、地址下面1-2行处。在称呼后,英国人常用逗号,美国人则常用冒号。在私人信件中可直呼收信人的名字,但公务信件中一定要写收信人的姓。大部分信件在称呼前加“Dear”。如:

Dear Professor/Prof. Bergen:

Dear Dr. Johnson,

对不相识的人可按性别称呼:

Dear Sir: 或Dear Madam: Dear Ladies。

如果不知收信人的性别则可用Dear Sir or Madam:

5.1.4 正文(Body of Letter)

正文是书信的主体。与中文信件不同的是,英文书信的正文的开头不是先写一些问候语,再阐明写信的目的,而是直接说明写信人的身份及写信的目的,然后提出写信人的情况、想法或要求,并加以必要的解释或说明。英文书信陈述目的时,应该直截了当,意思明确,层次清楚,言简意赅。

书信正文的第一句话或第一段,通常被称为起首语。一般说来,人们习惯用一些客套的写法作为书信正文的起始,即先将对方来信的日期、主题加以简单描述,以便使对方一看便知该信是回答哪一封信的。如果是第一次给别人写信,也可用开头语作必要的自我介绍,并表明自己写信的主要目的。

5.1.5 结尾礼词(Complimentary Close)

公务信件的结尾礼词包含两部分:发信人的结尾套语与署名。结尾套语写在签名上面一行,第一个字母要大写,套语结尾后面要加逗号。在公务信件中,发信人常用的结尾套语有:

Yours truly, Yours sincerely, Respectfully yours, Cordially yours, Yours cordially等。

私人信件中,发信人常用的结尾套语有:

Sincerely yours, Lovely yours, Your lovely, Your loving son/daughter等。

5.1.6 签名(Signature)

写信人的签名常位于结尾礼词正下方一二行。除非是给很熟悉的人写信,签名一般须写出全名。签名常常较潦草,不易辨认,因此在签名的正下方须打印出全名。

?

?

? 书信写作的五点要求:

1、开门见山说意图

2、咨询/ 建议1、2、3、

3、不同内容可分段

4、感谢客气不可少

5、期待回信成老套

英文信函的信封有两种写法:

第一种是将写信人的姓名及地址和收信人的姓名和地址均写在信封的正面。

第二种写法是将收信人的姓名和地址写在信封的正面, 而将发信人的姓名和地址写在信封的背面。

第一种写法多用于正式信函,第二种写法多用于私人信件,即与家庭成员、亲朋好友之间的信件。商业信件和求职信等都属于正式信函,因此采用第一种写法。

篇五:英文书信写作

一 命题分析

当前全球社会的发展使得英语应用文写作能力的重要性日益凸显,这种能力不仅能体现出一个人的基本语言水平,同时也为日后从事现代化办公、顺利开展社会交流尤其是国际交流打下良好的基础。因此,考研作文中增加应用文写作部分不仅是大势所趋,同时也体现出了我国教育者的良苦用心。

相对于大作文来说,应用文的写作还是比较容易把握的。但是在大约15分钟的时间内理解题意并迅速将内容要点扩充成一篇100字的短文也是有较大难度的,考生不仅能够恰当地根据给定情境迅速成文,而且也要有较高的语言能力。因此,在平时的准备过程中,考生要重视这类文体的准备工作,全面了解和掌握各种应用文体的写作格式、方法和特点,尤其是要熟悉各类文体的基本结构和套话。

应用文文体的种类非常丰富,大纲中规定的就包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等。鉴于考试的要求和考场的条件限制、文章的长度以及文体的应用广泛程度而言,我们认为各类信件、便笺、以及备忘录在研究生考试中的考查几率比较大。其中信件种类繁多、内容广泛,因此最为重要;便笺的写法与格式都和信件相类似;备忘录在公务和商业往来中使用较多,但也可能在考生平时的校园生活中出现。因此,本书将以信件、便笺和备忘录的写法为重点详加阐述。

应用文的实际用途决定了其语言应以简洁明了为基本原则,并不要求复杂多变。应用文一般需要开门见山,行文一开始就要尽快地表达主要意思;文章要求逻辑清晰、有条有理,目标明确;语气要恰如其分,尤其在公文信函中,一定要注意语言的正式和礼貌,遵循交际原则;最后还要注意细节,确保事件、数字、日期等信息的准确传达和标点符号的正确使用。 下面以2007年的大纲样题为例来具体分析考研应用短文的出题思路和应对步骤:

Directions: You are preparing for an English test and are in need of some reference books. Write a letter to the sales department of a bookstore to ask for:

1) detailed information about the books you want,

2) methods of payment,

3) time and way of delivery.

You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address. 通过这个题目可以看出,考研的应用文题目是以日常生活的场景为基础的。我们有以下的“三步走”策略:

第一、判断题型。在阅读完题干以后,考生应迅速判断这是一篇请求信,此时准备充分的考生应在脑海中以最快速度搜索此类信件的写作框架、流程、常用套语和词汇等(本书中提供了详实的模版供考生参考)。

第二、重新读题,并用铅笔划出题目中包含的重点信息。这些信息都是考生在写文章的时候必须包含在其中的。本题的重点信息包括preparing for an English test, in need of some reference books, a letter to the sales department of a book store, detailed information, payment, delivery等。

第三、扩充成文并仔细检查。在扩充细节的时候,考生要结合平时的生活积累、发挥充分的想象力。如在本题中,考生应思考的细节包括准备何种英语考试,需要哪些参考书,对参考书的质量和内容有什么要求,付款方式是现金还是信用卡,运送方式是EMS、邮局还是其他等等。在这些方面考生可以自由发挥,但是注意要符合我们的生活常识和日常规律。在完成文章以后,一定要花大约1分钟的时间重新检查一遍信件的结构是否完整、所要求的细节是否全部包含在内、以及是否有拼写错误等。

三、题型解析

(1)书信

书信是人类交流的一种最古老也是最重要的方式之一,对于人类的交际具有重要的意义。大学生无论在何时何地,都需要因为各种原因而给相关人士写信,来表达自己的动机、目的和愿望等。书信分为私人信函和公务信函。私人信函属于非正式文体,一般是指与熟人、家人和朋友之间进行日常事务交流的信件。私人信件用词可以比较随意,但是语气要真挚。 公务信件则属于正式文体,通常用于商务和外贸场合,以及公司与公司之间、与客户之间的业务往来等。其中最实用也是最重要的包括辞职信、请求信、建议信、求职信、道歉信、感谢信、申请信、投诉信、询问信、邀请信和祝贺信等。

尽管书信类别多样,但是我们一定要牢记,所有的书信都是“万变不离其宗”,只要掌握其格式、框架和基本语气,就能够写出一篇质量上乘的书信出来。

书信的写作格式

当前的书信格式主要有英式和美式两种。英式结构即缩进式结构,属于比较传统的结构,即每一段的第一行都向里缩进4-8个字符,且所有段落的缩进距离必须保持一致;称呼顶格写,落款则在中间偏右的位置。美式结构则是齐头式结构,在商务英语中比较流行,尤其普遍运用于电子邮件的交流中,其特点是所有段落的第一行都顶格写,段与段之间空一行,另外称呼、落款等也都顶格写。具体如下所示:

缩进式:

齐头式:

书信的结构:

英文的书信结构通常包括6个组成部分:信头(heading,包括寄信人地址和日期)、信内地址(inside address,指收信人地址)、称呼(salutation)、正文(body)、结束语(complimentary)、签名(signature),有时候还包括附言(postscript)和附件(attachment)。具体如下图所示:

一般的考研作文由于篇幅所限,只要求考生在书信中包括称呼、正文、结束语和签名四个部分,因此本章也重点讨论这四个部分需要注意的一些问题。

称呼:

称呼是书信的开头部分,是写信人对收信人的称谓。无论是私人信件、还是公务信件,一般都以“Dear”作为开头引出收信人的姓名和头衔。称呼的后面一般都要求加逗号。 在私人信件中,如果写信人与收信人关系比较亲密,则称呼可以比较随意,一般都是“Dear”后面直接加人名,如“Dear Anna, Dear Tom”等;或者“Dear”后面加长辈的称呼,如“Dear Papa, Dear Aunt”;如果关系不是非常亲密,则要称呼对方的姓,写做“Dear Mr. Smith, Dear Mrs. Smith, Dear Miss Smith, Dear Ms Smith”。注意,在不知道女士的婚嫁状况的时候,宜用“Ms.”。

在公务信件中,一般的称呼格式是在收信人头衔后加姓,或者加收信人全名。要特别注意收信人的头衔。具体称呼方式及缩写如下:

男士:Mr.

女士:Mrs., Ms., Miss

教授/博士:Prof./Dr.

市长、法官、议员或其他高官:Hon. (Honorable,即“尊敬的”)

编辑:Editor

不知对方姓名:Dear Sir/Sirs, Dear Madam/Madams, Dear Sir or Madam, To Whom It May Concern

正文:

正文一般包括三个部分。第一部分是开头,需要开门见山地说明写信的原因和目的。如果是写给不认识的人,还要加上一个简单的自我介绍。如果是回信,还要说明何时收到对方关于什么内容的信。

第二部分是信的核心和主要内容,把开头提出的问题进行充分的说明和解释。

第三部分是信的结尾,通常以礼貌的祝福或者愿望来结束。如:

I am looking forward to your reply.

Please pass my best wishes to all your family.

结束语:

结束语是写信人对于收信人的谦称和致敬。

在私人信件中,一般可以用“Best wishes, Best regards, Best, Regards, Warmest Regards, Yours, Yours ever, Yours sincerely, Cordially”。如果是用于关系非常亲密的朋友或者亲人,则还可以用“Yours affectionately, Affectionately, Love, Lovingly, Cheers, Your devoted friend, Your loving son (daughter, nephew, niece, grandson, granddaughter, father, mother, husband, wife, etc.)”。

在公务信件中,一般可以用“Yours sincerely, yours faithfully, Yours truly, Yours respectfully, Yours gratefully, Yours cordially”等。

特别是在给一些团体和不知名的个人的正式信件中,除了以上结束语外还可以采用以下形式:Truly yours, Sincerely yours, Faithfully yours, etc.

英文信件结束语形式非常多,对于考生来说如果能够掌握各种情况下的不同结束语自然最好,但是对于应试来说,考生掌握一个“Yours sincerely”就可以以不变应万变,因为这个结束语普遍适用于私人和公务信件。

签名:

关于签名的注意点就是,考试中不允许考生留下自己的名字,只能用“Li Ming”这个名字。

邀请信 Invitation Letter

邀请信是写信人对收信人的一种盛情邀约。邀请信分为正式邀请信和非正式邀请信。非正式邀请用词比较随便;正式邀请信则是向收信人发出正式邀请,用语和格式均比较规范、严谨。 邀请信通常包括以下几个方面的内容:发出邀请;说明邀请对方做什么事;说明活动时间和地点;表达期待或感谢之情。

写作“三步走”:

说明邀请目的—>说明活动安排—>期待尽早回复

Tips:

信中要说明关于活动的详细信息,包括活动时间、地点、内容,有时需要说明参加活动的人员。语气要热情真挚,但不要强人所难。

Directions:

You are going to celebrate your 23 birthday with a big party. Write a letter to invite your friend Anne to the party. In the letter, please specify the time and the location, explain the activities, and express your wish for her attendance. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address.

rd

字数作文