15用英语怎么写

篇一：翻译15

TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES

词类的转换

词类互换法是汉译英最常用的方法之一。由于汉语和英语是两种完全不同的语言，因此在翻译时就不能按照原文的词类机械地照搬不误。例如汉语运用动词的场合较多，译成英语时，不一定也用动词，而可以用介词或名词。如果我们运用得当，就可以使译文更加符合英语的习惯用法，读起来通顺流畅，明白易懂。现将汉译英常用的词类互换法分述如下：

一、汉语的动词转换成英语的介词或介词短语

英语的特征之一就是介词的使用十分频繁，介词运用恰当还可以使译文表达流畅。汉译英时汉语的动词可以换用介词或介词词组。例如：

· 数学是科学的语言。

Mathematics as a language of science...

(动词—介词)

· 联合国的大多数成员国都不赞成所谓“人权”的提案。

A great majority of member nations in United Nations were not in favour of the socalled “human rights” proposal. (动词—介词短语)

· 他们不顾一切艰难险阻，勇往直前。

They kept going forward courageously in spite of all dangers and difficulties.

(动词—介词短语)

· 每年，四川都有大量农民参加劳务输出，到非洲去修建公路和桥梁。

Every year, a large number of Sichuan peasants leave for Africa to construct roads and bridges as exported labour force.

(动词—介词)

· 以为可以脱离轻工业而孤立地发展重工业是不对的；以为可以脱离农业而孤立地发展工业也是不对的。

It is wrong to think that heavy industry may develop in isolation from light industry; or that industry in general in isolation from agriculture.

(动词—介词)

二、汉语的动词转换成英语的名词

英语的名词用的比汉语多，因此，汉语的动词译成英语时，往往要转换为名词，有时修饰动词的副词也跟着转换。例如：

· 由于我们实行了改革开放政策，我国的综合国力有了明显的增强。

Thanks to the introduction of our reform and opening policy，our comprehensive national strength has greatly been improved.

(动词—名词)

· 司机违反任何交通规则都要受到警察的罚款。

Violation of any traffic rules by the drivers will be fined by the police.

(

动词—名词)

· 要维护超级市场的信誉，我们必须特别强调搞好售后服务。 In order to keep up the reputation of a supermarket，

(1.finished 精细地完成)we must lay special stress on the importance of offering good followup service.

(动词—名词)

· 研究人员发现感冒可以通过人的手传染。

Recent research discoveries indicate that flu can be spread by hand contacts.

(动词—名词)

· 读一点世界历史对研究时事有帮助。

An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of current affairs.

(动词—名词)

三、汉语的动词转换成英语的形容词

汉语中一些表示心理状态的感官动词,一般都可以转换成英语的形容词,往往以“be +形容词??”结构来表达。例如：

· 要是你们只满足于现状，你们就不能在竞争中求得发展。 You cannot survive in the competition for further

development， if you are only content with things as they are.

(动词—形容词)

· 她来信说她得了胃溃疡，我对她的健康状况十分担心。

She wrote me to say that she was suffering from gastric ulcer, I am quite worried about her health.

(动词—形容词)

· 我颇怀疑他做此事的动机。

I am rather doubtful about his real motive for doing this. (动词—形容词)

· 我们深信，社会主义制度终究会代替资本主义制度。

We are quite sure that the socialist system will replace the capitalist system in the end.

(动词—形容词)

· 如果我们不知道原子的结构，我们就不能研究核子物理学。 If we were ignorant of the structure of the atom, it would be impossible for us to study nuclear physics.

(动词—形容词)

四、汉语的名词转换成英语的动词

在汉译英时，也有将汉语的名词转换为英语动词的情况。与此同时，原来修饰名词的形容词也相应地变为副词。例如： · 我们学院受教委和市政府的双重领导。

Our institute is co-administrated by the States Education Commission and the municipal government. (名词—动词)

· 改革开放政策受到了全中国人民的拥护。

The reform and opening policy is supported by the whole Chinese people.

(名词—动词)

· 我对这个城市的绿化留下很深的印象。

I was deeply impressed by the afforestation plan of this city.(名词—动词)

· 他们之间的关系,有一个特点,就是以礼相待。

Formality has always characterized their relationship. (名词—动词)

· 在他们看来，他就是绝对权威的化身。

To them, he personified the absolute power.

(名词—动词)

五、汉语的形容词或副词转换成英语的名词

有时由于语法结构或修辞手法的需要，也可以将汉语的某些形容词或副词转化为英语的名词。例如：

· 在全国卫生城市的评比中，成都已消除了脏、乱、差的现象。 In the nationwide evaluation of clean cities, Changdu has got rid of all its uncleanness, disorder and discourtesy.

篇二：英语文章15翻译

四招教你挖掘人生真正的幸福

四招教你挖掘人生真正的幸福

Two months ago a new client entered my office for her first coaching session. "All I want is to feel happy, " she said. "I'm miserable and I focus on that misery all day long."

两个月前，一个新客户来到我的办公室参加她的第一次辅导课。“我要的是感到高兴，”她说，“我很痛苦，而且我整天专注于怎样把自己从痛苦中解救出来。”

It seemed like a fairly simple request, so we went to work.

这似乎是一个非常简单的要求，所以我们就开始了。

Week after week I witnessed the smile on my client's face becoming more consistent, more authentic. Soon she began talking about the laughter and pleasant activities that now fill her days. So I asked whether she thought that we had achieved her happiness goal. I was surprised when she said "no."

几周过后，我亲眼目睹了我的客户脸上露出坚定真诚的笑容。因此她开始谈论每天充斥在身边的笑料和愉快的活动。因此我问她是否认为我们已经达到了她的幸福目标，但我很惊讶的是她说“没有”。

What I learned is that this vibrant woman believed that inorder to characterize herself as happy she could never feel sad. To her, sadness and other unpleasant feelings are not allowed in the life of someonewho defines themselves as a happy person. But that is not what the humanexperience is actually about.

我了解到的是，这个充满活力的女人认为，为了让她看起来很幸福，她不能觉得悲伤。对她来说，悲伤等不愉快的情绪在生活中是不允许出现在一个幸福的人身上的。但是这不是真正的人生体验。

If we don't allow a natural progression of the resulting unpleasant feelings we will never fully experience and embrace the joy in life. That's right; where there is black, there is white, it's just how nature works. There are two complementary forces that make up all aspects of life and we must allow and accept their balance.

如果我们不允许一个不愉快情绪的自然的产生，我们就无法体验和拥抱生活的乐趣。正是这样；当有黑暗的地方就有光明，这才是自然的。生活的各个方面都有两个互补的力量，我们必须允许和接受它们的平衡。 This is the understanding that my client was missing.

这是我的顾客对生活漏掉的领悟。

And it begs the question: Happiness--what is it, really?

它引出了一个问题：幸福——到底是什么？

In simplest form, happiness is a state of being. Sure, our circumstances influence the level of happiness we can access, but happiness is within us, not around us. We all have it, but we each define it differently and have varying expectations of ourselves and our own abilities to be happy. And that is what causes the confusion. 在最简单的情况下，幸福是一种状态。当然，我们能接触到的环境会影响幸福的水平，但是幸福在我们心里，而不是在我们周围。我们都拥有它，但是我们每个人的定义不同，我们有不同的期望，我们想要幸福。这就是造成混乱的原因。

It's perfectly OK to have moments or days of feeling bad, rather than good. When we resist the feelings that we categorize as unpleasant, it simply causes more resistance, leading to greater unhappiness. Let's debunkthe happiness myth. These steps might just help you develop a healthy--and, dare I say, happy--life balance.

因此完全可以有不开心的时间。如果我们抵触那些被列为不开心的事情，这会导致更多的阻力，也就会导致更多的不开心。让我们来揭穿幸福的秘密。这些步骤可以帮你养成一个健康而且幸福的生活平衡。 Martin Seligman is one of the leading researchers in positive psychology and author of Authentic Happiness. Seligman describes happiness as having three parts: pleasure, engagement, and meaning. Pleasure is the "feel good" part of happiness. Engagement refers to living a "good life" of work, family, friends, and hobbies. Meaning refers to using our strengths to contribute to a larger purpose. Seligman says that all three are important, but that of the three, engagement and meaning make the most difference to living a happy life.

马丁·塞利格曼是积极心理学主要研究者和《真正的幸福》的作者。塞利格曼把幸福定义为三个方面：快乐，参与和意义。快乐是幸福“感觉不错”的部分。参与表示“美好生活”的工作、家庭、朋友和爱好等方面。意义指的是利用我们的优势来促进更大的目标完成。塞利格曼说，这三点很重要，但是参与和意义对幸福生活影响最大。

Revisit your relationships. Are they satisfactory? Do you have a good support network in place? If not, work on building it up. When you hit a bump in the road having supportive people around you will make a world of difference.

重温你的关系网，这些关系是否令人满意呢？你有一个很好地支持你的交际网吗？如果没有，建设起来。当你遇到颠簸的道路，支持你的人可以帮你创造出不同的世界。

Also, review how you contribute to a larger purpose. Focusing on something bigger than you are helps to keep things in perspective. 此外，知道如何做有助于实现更大的目标。看的更广阔的可以让你看事情更正确。

You are human. Forcing or faking happiness leads to misery and conflict. Even if you create your happiness foundation and achieve a state of general well-being, you will have your ups and downs. It's how you deal with those fluctuations that matters. Condemnation and negativity will jeopardize your state of balance. Get real. Eliminate the pressure and you will bounce back more quickly.

你是个普通人。强迫或者伪造幸福会导致痛苦和冲突。即使你创造了你的幸福基础，实现了总体幸福感的状态，你也将有你的跌宕起伏。因此，你如何处理那些生活中的波动至关重要。谴责和否认定将危及你的平衡状态，面对现实吧！消除压力，你会更迅速的恢复活力。

There are days when you will wake up feeling unhappy. Whether you fully understand it or not, it's important to accept that thishappens. Be patient with yourself. Don't complain, but do indulge in a little timeto examine your feelings without criticism. Rather than, "I hate when Ifeel like this, " try "It's interesting that I have thesefeelings." Be OK with it and examine the feelings for a little while ifthey merit your attention. If not, simply turn yourfocus to your larger purpose to prevent yourself from dwelling on somethingthat isn't dwell-worthy. 总有当你醒来感觉不快的几天。无论你是否完全理解，重要的是要接受这种情况的发生。对自己有耐心。不要抱怨，而是要不带批判性的检查自己的情绪。不是“我讨厌当我有这种感觉的时候”，而是试着想想“有这种感觉很奇妙。” 对这些情绪保持淡定，如果这种情绪值得关注，检查它；如果没有，把你的关注点放在更大的目标上，来防止你关注不必要的东西。

Ups and downs are normal, but if you find yourself in what feels like a constant state of unhappiness it's important to listen to what your body and mind are telling you. Life has a funny way of tapping us on the shoulder when we need to create change. If you don't pay attention to the gentle tapping, you may be surprised by a less gentle reminder--or series of them.

跌宕起伏是正常的，但是如果你处于一个一直不开心的状态，有必要听从你身体和情感的意愿。生活以一种有趣的方式，在我们需要改变时轻拍我们的肩膀。如果你没有注意到这种轻拍，你可能会对不太温和的提醒感到惊讶(这样的提醒可能会有一大串)。

Either way, your subconscious mind will get your attention to suggest, or force, change. So make it easy on yourself and pay attention to the gentle tap. What is the cause of your unhappiness? Find someone who can help you sort through it, and embrace the change that lies ahead. You are on your way.

无论怎样，你会关注你的潜意识，或者强迫自己去改变。因此，放轻松，注意到生活的轻拍。你的不快乐源于什么？找一个人帮助你理清思路，拥抱你未来的改变，你正在路上。

篇三：英语翻译15

我们相信体罚应该严格禁止。

We have reasons to believe that punishment should be prohibited.

篇四：15英语期末考试翻译

21世纪

? Unit1

How do A students like these do it? Brains aren't the only answer. The most gifted students do not necessarily perform best in exams. Knowing how to make the most of one's abilities counts for much more.

Hard work isn't the whole story either. Some of these high-achieving students actually put in fewer hours than their lower-scoring classmates. The students at the top of the class get there by mastering a few basic techniques that others can easily learn.

优等生是怎样做到的?好脑筋并不是唯一的答案.往往最有天赋的学生在考试中未必能表现良好.懂得怎么样运用自己的能力更为重要。

努力学习并不是全部.有一些得高分的同学比考的不好的同学用在学习的时间更少.班里的前几名学习都是有技巧的,这些技巧别的学生也可以很容易的学到. ? Unit2

This explains why it can be so difficult to get a western-style discussion going with Japanese students of English. Whenever I sever a volleyball, everyone just stands back and watches it fall. No one hits it back. Everyone waits until I can on someone to take a turn.

And when that person speaks, he doesn't hit my ball back. He serves a new ball. Again, everyone just watches it fall. So I call on someone else. This person does not refer to what the previous speaker has said. He also serves a new ball. Everyone begins again from the same starting line, and all the balls run parallel. There is never any back and forth.

这里解释一下为什么和日本学生进行一场西方式的英语讨论如此困难.无论什么时候我发出排球,每个人都只是站在那看着皮球落地.没人把它打回去.每个人都在等待直到我招呼他们来一局.而且当他们开始比赛时,他们并不回击我的球,而是重新发球.又一次,所有人看着球落地.于是我叫上另外一个人.然而这个人同样没有领会先前的那个人说了什么.他又重新发了一个球,每个人都从发球线开始发球,所有球都平行的飞了过去.没有任何一个球飞回来.

? Unit3

Blind and black and poor-what kind of life could this new infant have? In her wildest dreams, Mrs. Morris could never have imagined that her new baby would become a famous musician called Stevie Wonder. At the time, all she could do was pray-and worry.

Stevie himself didn't worry at all. Life was too full. He was brought up among church-going people whose faith helped them bear the poverty. He loved music and would pound spoons or forks on any surface that faintly resembled a drum.

又瞎又黑又穷 -- 这个新生儿的生活将会是什么样的?莫里斯太太做梦也不会想到她刚降生的孩子将会成为著名的音乐家 - 史迪威·旺达.当初,她所能做的

除了祈祷就是担忧.而史迪威自己一点也不担心.生活很丰富多彩.他是被信教的人们养大的,他们的虔诚使他们能安于贫穷.他爱音乐,能用汤勺或餐叉在任何像鼓的表面上敲出节奏来.

? Unit4

She was a small woman, old and wrinkled. When she started washing for us, she was already past seventy. Most Jewish women of her age were sickly and weak. All the old women in our street had bent backs and leaned on sticks when they walked. But this washwoman small and thin as she was, possessed a strength that came from generations of peasant forebears. Mother would count out to her a bundle of laundry that had accumulated over several weeks. She would then lift the bundle, put it on her narrow shoulders, and carry it the long way home.

She would bring the laundry back about two weeks later. My mother had never been so pleased with any washwoman. Yet she charged no more than the others. She was a real find. Mother always had her money ready, because it was too far for the old woman to come a second time.

她是一个身材矮小、布满皱纹的老妇.她刚开始帮我们洗衣的时候就已经过了70岁了.大多数像她那么大年纪的犹太妇女都是体弱多病的.所有在我们那条街的老妇都是弯腰驼背,靠着拐杖的支撑走路.但是,尽管这个洗衣工又瘦又小,她却拥有着从好几代做农民的先辈们那里沉积的力量.妈妈会把积了几个星期的脏衣物在当着她面数清楚件数,她就会拿起那堆衣物,放在她窄窄的双肩,然后扛着它走很长的路回家.

她会在大概两星期之后把洗干净的衣服送回来.从来没有一个洗衣工令妈妈如此称心满意.但是她并没有比其他人多收钱.能找她洗衣服真是幸运.因为让她走第二趟太远了,妈妈总是会提前准备好要给她的工钱.

? Unit5

I remember when they took their first holiday together. Ted wanted to do something energetic, because he didn't usually get much exercise during the year. Mary's job meant that she was on her feet most of the time. All she wanted to do was lie in the sun. Ted hated the idea of lying on a beach; Mary hated the idea of being too active. They compromised, and took their holiday in mid-summer, high in the Alps. Mary was able to lie in the sun by the hotel swimming pool, while Ted went off for long walks in the mountains with a group of hikers. In the evening they met at the hotel, both content with their day, happy to eat a leisurely meal together and dance a little afterwards.

我记得他们一起过第一个假期的时候,那时ted想要做一些有激情的事,因为他这年里没做多少运动,而玛丽在工作的时候总是步行去上班的,她想要躺着不动晒太阳,ted 很讨厌躺在沙滩上；玛丽也讨厌太过激情的活动,他们都妥协了,时值仲夏他们跑到阿尔卑斯山上去了,玛丽可以再旅馆的游泳池旁晒太阳,而ted可以跟着一组远足者在阿尔卑斯山中长走,在晚上的时候,他们在旅馆碰头,他们都对他们八天的生活感到满意,他们不慌不忙的吃了顿美满的晚餐,吃完后又跳了一小会舞。

全新版

逐句翻译（没有找到第5单元的，不过下面全文翻译里有） ? Unit1

苏珊因车祸失去了双腿

Susan lost her legs because of a car accident.。

有一段时间，她真不知如何面对自己再也不能行走的事实

For a time, she didn't know how to face up to the fact that she would never walk again

一天， 苏珊在浏览书籍时，被一个真实的故事吸引住了。

One day, while scanning through books, a true story caught her eye/she was attracted by a true story.

那个故事生动的描写了一个残疾姑娘是如何成为一位作家的。 It gave a vivid description of how a disabled girl became a writer.

苏珊读后深受鼓舞，决心尽可能多读书，而且，她还想写关于自己童年的故事。

Greatly inspired. Susan made up her mind to read as much as she could, and what's more, she wanted to write stories about her own childhood.

苏珊开始相信，她最终也会成为一个有用的人生活下去

Susan began to believe that she would finally be able to lead a useful life, too ? Unit2

和远方的朋友保持联系不是一件容易的事。

It is not easy to keep in touch with friends when they are far away. 对我来说，情形就是这样 This is certainly true in my case.

离开旧街区和那里的朋友们已经有几年了。

It has been a couple of years since I left my old neighborhood and all the friends I had there. 我一直打算给他们写信，可是总有这样那样的事，似乎就是抽不出空。

I've been meaning to write to them but something or other comes up and I just don't seem to find the time.

现在可以说我与他们失去联系了。 Now I have kind of lost touch with them.。 但是我一直记挂着他们，我想我今后也一定会努力与他们保持通信联系的。 They are always on my mind, however, and I think I will certainly make an effort to keep up correspondence with them in future.

? Unit3

很难想象我们的先辈们没有现代技术带来的这么多方便那日子是怎么过的。 It is hard to imagine how our forefathers could do without so many conveniences that modern technology has brought about。

那个时候只有一小部分人享受一些舒适条件。

Back then only a small proportion of the population enjoyed some comforts. 大部分人连饭都吃不饱，更不要说接受教育的特权了。

The majority didn't even have sufficient food, not to speak of the privilege of

being educated.。 然而，许多人责怪现代技术，说它带来了很多问题。

However, many people blame modern technology for the problems it has created.。 他们想减慢进步的速度。

They want to slow down the rate of progress.。 但谁也不能阻止时代的前进。 But no one can put the clock back.。

我们能做的是就技术向哪个方向发展做出明智的决定。

The best we can do is to make informed decisions as to the direction in which technology is to develop.

? Unit4

托尼大学毕业后决定自己开业。

After graduating from college, Tony decided to start his own business.。 一开始好多银行都拒绝了他的贷款要求。

At the beginning, many a bank turned down his request for a loan.。 但他毫不泄气，继续一个个拜访银行家寻求帮助。

But he was not a bit discouraged, and continued to call on one banker after another seeking help.。 有一位银行家被他的决心和乐观精神所打动，最后答应贷款给他。Impressed by his determination and optimism, one banker finally agreed to loan him the money 如今他成为一位富商。

Now he has become a wealthy businessman.。

在谈到所取得的令人惊奇的成就时，托尼强调了创造机遇而不是等待机遇的重要性。 Talking about his amazing achievement, Tony puts great emphasis on the importance of creating. rather than waiting for opportunities.

全文翻译

? Unit1

苏珊因车驾失去了双腿，有一段时间，她真不知如何面对自己再也不能行走的事实。一天，苏珊在浏览杂志时，被一个真实故事吸引住了，那个故事生动地描写了一个残疾姑娘是如何成为一位作家的，苏珊读后被深受鼓舞，开始相信她最终也会成为一个有用的人生活下去。

Susan lost her legs because of / in a car accident. For a time, she didn’t know how to face up to the fact that she would never (be able to) walk again. One day, while scanning (through) some magazines, a true story caught her eye /she was attracted by a true story. It gave a vivid description of how a disabled girl became a writer. Greatly inspired, Susan began to feel that she, too, would finally be able to lead a useful life.

? Unit2

和远方的朋友保持联系不是一件容易的事。对我来说，情形就是这样。离开旧街区和那里的朋友们已有几年了。我一直打算给他们写信，可是总有这样那样的事儿，似乎就是抽不出空。但是我一直记挂着他们，我想我今后一定会努力与他们保持通信联系的。

It is not easy to keep in touch with friends far away. This is true in my case. It has been a couple of years since I left my old neighborhood and all the friends there. I have been meaning to write to them but things come up and I just don’t seem to find the time. They are always on my mind, however, and I think I will certainly make an

effort to keep up correspondence with them in the future.

? Unit3

很难想象我们的先辈们没有现代技术带来的这么多方便，那日子是怎么过的。那个时候只有一小部分人享受一些舒适条件。大部分人连饭都吃不饱，更不要说接受教育的特权了。然而，许多人责怪现代技术，说它带来了很多问题。他们想减慢进步的速度。但是谁也不能阻止时代的前进。

It is hard to imagine how our forefathers could do without so many conveniences that modern technology has brought about. Back then only a small proportion of the population enjoyed the comforts of life. The majority didn’t even have sufficient food, not to speak of/ let alone the privilege of being educated. However, many people blame modern technology for creating so many problems. They want to slow down the rate of progress. But no one can put the clock back. ? Unit4

托尼大学毕业后决定自己开业，一开始好多家银行都拒绝了他的贷款要求。但他毫不泄气，继续一个个拜访银行家寻求帮助。有一位银行家被他的决定和乐观精神所打动，最终答应贷款给他。如今他成了一位富商。在谈到所取得令人惊奇的成就时，托尼说重要的是创造机遇而不是等待机遇。

After graduating from college, Tony decided to start his own business. At the beginning, many a bank turned down his request for a loan. But he was not a bit discouraged, and continued to call on one banker after another seeking help. Impressed by his determination and optimism, one banker finally agreed to loan him the money. Now he has become a wealthy businessman. Talking about his amazing achievement, Tony says that it is important to create rather than wait for opportunities.

? Unit5

我爸是一家制造公司的行政领导，工作很努力。他每周工作6天。每天他得解决各种各样问题，因此经常熬夜。但是，他还是竭尽全力兼顾工作和家庭。星期日我爸通常呆在家里，尽量多多照顾我们，最使我高兴的是，他给我烹饪我们最喜爱的菜肴，还和我们一起打球。

My dad is a hard-working executive of a manufacturing firm. He works six days a week. Every day he has to straighten out various kinds of problems so that he often stays up late/nights. However, he tries his best to balance/maintain balance between work and family. On Sundays my dad usually stays at home and cares for us as much as he can. To my greatest joy, he cooks our favorite dished and plays ball with us.

我能做的只有这么多了，这些都是网上搜的，大家放心看，也许有些地方不对，不确定的话可以大家查一查。打印下来读背很方便的。

希望大家考试可以取得一个好成绩！

Hope everyone can get a good gread！

篇五：听力、翻译1-15原文

1

1. 我不相信幸运这一类事情.我认为大多数时候事情发展地顺利或不顺利主要因为人们自己的行为.我相信大多数的情况下你可以通过努力工作,自我约束,坚持不懈,把个人的发展作为每天必考虑的事情等方面创造自己的幸运.

2. 许多的职业都包含其他人(的参与). 你可能具有超强的学术能力,然而缺少社交能力,即有能力倾听别人,对其他人(的反应)敏感,甚至游刃有余地给出或吸纳批评.

3. 如果你周边的环境经常让你意志消沉,也许你的确该改变一下了,可能不是改变你的位置,但至少是你的态度.如果你能学会很好地利用任何情况,你就能消除掉挡在你和你梦想之间的可怕的障碍.

4. 任何人在忙忙碌碌的时候都会犯错误.但是注意力不集中的人经常遇到麻烦不是因为他们太忙了,而是因为他们缺乏优先考虑的事情.这样,不仅浪费了他们的实践,也浪费了资源.

5. 如果你拒绝变化,你就是拒绝成功.学会灵活,否则就得学会习惯忍受失败.

6. 你的天分越大,你就有可能越倚赖于天分,甚至忽视日复一日完善它的工作.如果你有了这样消极的倾向,给自己定一个进步计划,这样你就能充分利用好上帝给你的天赋.

2

1． 老师、教授常被描述成生活在象牙塔中的理想主义者，他们脱离实际。人们指责他们只强调学力或学业，而这些对帮助学生将来求职或就业并无直接关系。

2． 大学之所以存在，是因为它在人们富于想象力的学习中成为老少两代人之间的纽带，因而保持了知识和生活热情之间的联系。

3． 我们必须使每个学生开始明白：他/ 她在人类连绵不断的链条上只是其中的一环，这一环虽小，却至关重要。这链条的前面有数千年的历史，并向无限的未来延伸。

4． 人生不是支离破碎地学习一些课程，充实的人生应该是发现艰巨的任务并运用我们掌握的智慧和能量工具来完成这些任务。我们准备放手让你们来完成一些艰巨的任务。让我们拭目以待——看看你们如何来完成。

5． 让我们为学生营造环境，使他们成长为有创造性、有思想的人，成为一群懂历史、哲学、宗教、文学等等的个体。毕竟，这些都是“人性化的学科”（或：“人文研究学科”），这些学科可以解放思想，有助于学生对陌生、神秘事物的探求。

6． 如果我们可以接受乌帕姆所讲的话，我们就有义务帮助学生面对他们毕业后所接触的真实的世界。那么在这个技术日益发展的时代，文科才可能有光明的未来。

3

1. 的确，全球化成为克林顿政府的“大战略”，视美国精英为能建立新的良性世界秩序的全球联盟中的首席—同等者之首。

2. “贸易自由化陷入停顿，援助也未按计划贯穿始终，扑救下次金融大火的将是一位自身负伤的消防员。”

3.全球化和自由贸易许诺的美好前景与新自由主义贸易政策的实际结果有着太多的不一致，新自由主义贸易政策带来的是加倍的贫困、更高程度的不平等和更严重的经济萧条。

4. 这些协议常要求就市场准入做出更大的让步、对知识产权实施更严格的保护，因此在许多方面比世贸组织的多边谈判更加危险。

5. 自从全球化被鼓吹为大势所趋以来，时间已经过去了十五个年头。全球化似乎并不是资本家探索开拓的“大胆的新阶段”，更多的倒是全球资本为摆脱上世纪七八十年代席卷全球经济的经济发展的停滞和不均衡所做的孤注一掷的努力。二十世纪九十年代早期中东欧中央集权的社会主义国家的解体把人们的注意力从这一事实上转移开去。

6. 迫切的任务并非将受公司驱动的全球化转为“社会民主”方向，而是要妥善应付它的衰退趋势，使其不再引起与其早期消亡标志相同的混乱和失控的冲突。

Unit 4

1、 我们该担心。但如果政府、美联储和国会采取负责任的行动，美元应已接近价格谷底且

对大多数外币开始升值。

2、 许多人相信——部分人显然希望——美元作为国际货币会逐步退出历史舞台。人们从美

元近期的下跌和半个世纪前英镑作为储备货币的走弱之间看到了同样令人担忧的事情。

3、 货币价格的涨落、摸高探底并非罕见。给美元走弱添加危机氛围的原因是数额庞大的全

球货币储备中充斥着正在贬值的美元资产。

4、 美元安然渡过了这三次风暴。然而，它现在面临的是周期性气流与结构性气流结合在一

起形成的强大风暴。过去5年之中，美元的下跌令全球外汇储备遭受了巨大的资本损失。如果这种损失过于严重，各国央行可能会考虑降低损失、抛售美元，这势必会导致美元暴跌。

5、 国家持有外汇储备是为了加强对本币的信心，而非作为外贸支付手段。作为应急预防措

施，储备货币应易于兑换（以便在紧急情况下提供流动资金），并应具备良好的保值能力。

6、 尽管人们焦虑担忧，仍有迹象表明，美元的下跌会很快减缓。过去几周，美元在对包括

英镑和澳元在内的几种主要货币的兑换中已重新取得优势地位。

一战爆发前夜，英国是头号贸易强国，英镑在官方外汇储备中的份额与法国法郎、德国马克的份额之和大致相当。战后维持了三分天下的局面，只是美元取代了马克。

5

1．回想起来， 他对二十世纪政治、经济发展方面的评价是很准确的，而且直到现在，他

有关技术发展将会影响下一个世纪的看法是具有先见之明的。

2．在过去的两年里，英语世界网络使用方面的发展速度要比其它多数语言社会快，英语国家里的联网主机数量增加了450%，而在日本增加了420%，在法语国家里增加了375%，在德语国家里增加了250%，仅仅是出于这个原因，可以肯定的是，在接下来的一段时间里，英语的使用率依然会极高。

3．这并不是说互联网对语言使用没有重要影响。它最终将可以与出版业相媲美。出版业首先创造出了标准的民族语言，然后又帮助创造出了围绕这些语言的民族社会感。错误在于认为语言的这种影响可以以其在全球被使用的粗略百分比来衡量。

4．你也许会感觉到这种策略不会缓解其它语言使用者的焦虑， 他们担心网络将被英语所主宰，这并不奇怪。

5．由于互联网将每一个文件变成可能的“国际性”出版物，这一点常常吸引网页用英文发表那些没有出版发行的、通常不在国界以外传播文件。而且，反过来，这也使得网络上使用英语在很多国家成为身份的象征，因为这意味着你说的内容可能会引起国际上的关注。

6．的确，我们也许对空想家们这些互动式论坛的描述持怀疑态度，他们认为这样的论坛是新的“电子平民”的核心。论坛最终会以直接的民主取代传统的政治体制 — 传统政治体制从来就是因为过于混乱、过于片面、过于不可靠而无法承担所有的重担。

7

1. There is today, quite rightly, a growing concern for our environment and a genuine fear that,

if we do not change our ways right now, the damage we will inflict on our planet will render it incapable of sustaining-for future generations-the economy we have grown accustomed to over the better part of the past two centuries.

今天，人们越来越关心环境，而且真正担忧，如果我们现在不改变我们的方式，我们对这颗

行星造成的破坏，将会使它无法为我们的后代持续发展经济，而这种经济是我们在过去的二百年里发展更好年份中已经习惯了的。

2. That the earth and its resources do not belong to us and are not ours to squander without

thought for the future is not proving an easy lesson for us to learn, but we are gradually succeeding — or, at least, waking up to the enormity of the task that confront us.

地球及其资源不属于我们，也不是我们可以不考虑将来就能任意挥霍的东西，这一点并没有被证明是我们可以容易接受的教训，但是我们正在逐渐走向成功 —— 或者说，至少我们正在明白我们所面临的任务的艰巨性。

3. The pressure is mounting for every potential polluter, every user of energy and every

conspicuous contributor to climate change and global warming to clean up their act and adopt greener practices. The transport industry is no exception to such scrutiny and pressure; indeed, it seems to attract more than its fair share of attention in this regard-certainly enough to ensure that environmental concerns are now high on the agenda in all of its sectors.

每一个可能带来污染的企业（行业），每一个能源使用者，每一个显而易见的导致气候变化和全球变暖的企业所承受的环保压力在增加。这个压力需要他们使自己行为变得清洁， 采取更加绿色（环保）的行业实践做法。对于这样的检查和压力，运输行业也不例外。在这一点上，运输行业似乎受到了格外关注，这些关注足以确保环境问题被提到各个部门的最高日程上。

4. IMO?s environmental work in recent years has covered a remarkably broad canvas,

embracing everything, from the quality of our atmosphere to the microscopic aquatic life-forms that can be transported around the world in ships? ballast water and deposited in alien local ecosystems where, by disrupting their delicate balance, they can cause immense damage.

近年来，国际海事组织的环保工作已经涵盖了从大气层的质量到水生微生物相当大的领域（范围）。水生微生物可以在压载水中被带到世界各地，并且排放到异样的当地生态系统中，在此生态系统中，通过打破其脆弱的生态平衡，可以造成极大的破坏。

5. IMO?s work in this respect must be part of a broad-based effort in which everyone has a

responsibility and everyone has a role to play, a concept precisely reflected in the well-known environmental call to action “think globally — act locally”.

在这方面，国际海事组织的工作是无限努力的一部分。其中，每个人都有其责任，又都发挥其作用。 这是一个在呼吁人们行动起来的口号中确切反映出来的概念：从全球考虑， 从本地做起。

6. And in the long term, society will need to address its own priorities and understand that

nothing comes for nothing and that there will be prices and sacrifices that we must be prepared to pay and make, for the greater good of all.

在长远考虑， 社会将需要解决孰先孰后的问题，并且要明白没有白给的东西，还要明白，我们必须准备好支付和付出，以便为所有人获得更大的利益。

8

1. 黄昏降临时，我该感受到双倍的愉快，因为能看到人造的光芒，这是人类的天才创造出

来的，当大自然黑暗降临之时，以延展他的视力。

2. 去听悦耳的乐声，鸟儿的鸣唱，乐队的强劲旋律，就好像你明天就遭致失聪一样。去触

摸你想摸的每个物体，就像你明天会推动触觉意识一样。去闻花朵的芳香，津津有味地去尝美味佳肴，就好像你明天会再也不能闻到，尝到一样。

3. 第一天我献给了我的朋友们，有生命的和无生命的。第二天向我展示了人类和自然的历

史。今天我将在当今的平凡世界里度过，在为生活事务忙碌的人们常去的地方度过。

4. 然而，那些能看见的人明显地看得很少，充满世间的色彩和动作的景象被当成理所当然，

或许，这是人性共有的特点；对我们具有的不怎么欣赏，而对我们不具有的却渴望得到。然而，这是一个极大的遗憾，在光明的世界里，视力的天赋仅仅作为一种方便之用，而没有作为增添生活美满的手段。

5. 法庭记录每天都显露出“见证人”看得多不准确。一个特定的事件，要被尽可能多的人

从几个不同的方面去“看到”，有些人看得比另一些人要多些，而没有几个人看到了在他们的视线范围内的所有事情。

有些景象是愉快的，让心里充满快乐，而有些是悲惨的，对这些事，我并不闭上我的眼睛，因为这也是生活的一部分，对此闭起双目就是关闭起心灵与头脑。

9

1. Acquaintances recount his uncanny ability to calculate columns of numbers off

the top of his head — a feat Warren still amazes business colleagues with today. 数人们叙述他张口就来计算一组组数字的时候我能起能力—他的这个能力至今仍然使生意上的同事惊叹不已。

2. Warren Buffett approached graduate studies with the same resistance he displayed

a few years earlier.

巴菲特以几年以前表现出来的反抗力进行研究生学习。

3. One of his best known calls was the Northern Pipe Line, an oil transportation

company managed by the Rockefellers.

他最著名的是对北方管道公司的拜访，这是洛克菲勒经营的石油运输公司。

4. Shortly thereafter, he waged a proxy war and secured a spot on the Board of Directors.

此后不久，他进行了一场获得代理权的战争，并且在董事会得到了一席之地。

5. Absolutely determined, Buffett offered to work for the Graham partnership for free. Ben turned him down. He preferred to hold his spots for Jews who were not hired at Gentile firms at the time. Warren was crushed.

巴菲特下定了决心，要求免费为格洛汉姆合股公司效力。

6. Small, to say the least, but he had much bigger plans for that pool of money. 尽管这笔合作资金很小，但是至少可以说，巴菲特对这笔资金有着更大的计划。

7. A somewhat-celebrity in his hometown, Warren never gave stock tips despite constant requests from friends and strangers alike.

尽管沃伦在家乡小有名气，除了朋友们和陌生人不断要求之外，他从不给人以股市上的建议。

8. Warren said he "must have been in the bathroom when the dividend was declared". 沃伦说宣布红利的时候他一定是在浴室里。

Unit One Life of Aspiration

Part One

Warm-up Listening

Choose Optimism

If you expect something to turn out badly, it probably will. Pessimism is seldom disappointed. But the same principle also works in reverse. If you expect good things to happen, they usually do! There seems to be a natural cause-and-effect relationship between optimism and success.

Optimism and pessimism are both powerful forces, and each of us must choose which we want to shape our outlook and our expectations. There is enough good and bad in everyone?s life—ample sorrow and happiness, sufficient joy and pain—to find a rational basis for either optimism or pessimism. We can choose to laugh or cry, bless or curse, and it?s our decision.

I choose to highlight the positive and slip right over the negative. I am an optimist by choice as much as by nature. Sure, I know that sorrow exists. I am in my 70s now, and I?ve lived through more than one crisis. But when all is said and done, I find that the good in life far outweighs the bad.

An optimistic attitude is not a luxury; it?s a necessity. The way you look at life will determine how you feel, how you perform, and how well you will get along with other people. Conversely, negative thoughts, attitudes, and expectations feed on themselves; they become a self-fulfilling prophecy. Pessimism creates a dismal place where no one wants to live.

Optimism doesn?t need to be naive. We can be an optimist and still recognize that problems exist and that some of them are not dealt with easily. But what a difference optimism makes is the attitude of the problem solver! When you?re an optimist, you?re more concerned with problem-solving than with useless carping about issues. It?s your choice. (Words: 287)

Part Two

Focus-Listening

A Great Communicator in All Circumstances

Many American presidents have made an impact on our country as great communicators. John F. Kennedy, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln come to mind as outstanding examples. But only one president in our lifetime was called the Great Communicator, and that was Ronald Reagan.

Flashes of Reagan?s talent for communication revealed themselves early in his career. He started out in radio. In his early twenties, Reagan quickly became one of the best-known announcers in the Midwest. Throughout his career, Reagan displayed an uncommon ability to connect and communicate with people. Nowhere was that more evident than during his time leading up to and in the White House. While announcing his run for the presidency in 1980, he cast the vision for his campaign clearly and simply, saying, “At the heart of our message should be five simple familiar words. No big economic theories. No sermons on political philosophy. Just five short words: family, work, neighborhood, freedom, peace.”

During his campaign, Reagan successfully debated incumbent Jimmy Carter. The former California governor came across as a relaxed, likable, competent middle American. He won easily. Afterward when asked if he had been nervous debating the president, Reagan answered, “No, not at all. I?ve been on the same stage with John Wayne.”

英语作文