荆州古城墙英语导游词

篇一：荆州古城经典导游词

荆州古城导游词

各位嘉宾，大家上午好！今天我们将参观著名的荆州古城。

“闻听三国事，每欲到荆州”。一提起荆州，您一定会自然而然地想到小说《三国演义》中刘备借荆州、鲁肃讨荆州、吕蒙袭荆州、关羽失荆州那些脍炙人口的三国故事，一百二十回《三国演义》，就有七十二回的内容涉及荆州。千百年来，到荆州古城探询三国历史烟云陈迹的凭吊者、访古者、探幽者络绎不绝。作为大家的实地导游，我很荣幸能够借这样一个机会把荆州古城逾两千年来演变和发展的历史画卷展现给大家。

我们现在所处的位置是荆州城东门外，大家面前的这条几十米宽的河流就是护城河，在打仗之时，它是抵御敌人攻城的一道天然屏障，而如今在这条河上，每年都会举办隆重的国际龙舟邀请赛。入城之前，首先请让我给大家介绍一下荆州古城的历史背景。

荆州城，又名江陵城。是目前我国南方保存最为完整的一座古代城池，也是1982年国务院首批公布的全国24座历史文化名城之一；1996年，荆州古城墙被国务院公布为全国重点文物保护单位；2000年时，以荆州古城为中心的荆州市又被国家旅游局命名为中国优秀旅游城市。

回顾荆州的历史，可以说与华夏上下五千年的文明史紧密相连。大家都知道，中华民族是炎黄子孙，黄帝和炎帝部落合并统一华夏后，“割地布九州”（冀、兖、青、徐、扬、荆、豫、梁、雍），荆州即为这古老的九州之一。

“荆州”这个名称，最早见于战国时期的典籍《尚书?禹贡》中的“荆及衡阳惟荆州”，当时荆州的区域面积是很大的，春秋战国时期的楚国便是兴起于荆州域内。据史料记载，周庄王八年（即公元前689年），楚文王将都城迁往今天荆州城北五公里处的纪南城，楚国在此建都长达411年，前后经历了二十个国王，创造了与黄河流域中原文化辉映并重，并可与古希腊、古罗马文化相媲美的楚文化。相传楚成王（公元前671至525年）在位时，为了毕览长江胜景，在荆州城区营建了“飞楼百尺照湖水、上有燕赵千娥眉”的诸宫和宫船码头，这诸宫和宫船码头就是今天荆州城的雏形。秦昭王二十九年（即公元前278年），秦国名将白起率兵攻打楚国，占领了江汉之间的地域，秦随即在楚都设南郡，为当时全国三十六郡之一。后来，秦又在今天荆州城的地方设立江陵县，“以地临江”、“近州无高山，所有皆陵阜”，故称“江陵”。公元前106年，汉武帝建立荆州刺史部，为全国为十三州之一，从此，荆州开始成为行政区划的名称。

自秦汉以后，荆州成为历代王朝封王置府的重镇，一直是州、郡一级治所，有的朝代还曾在此建都立国。三国时，这里是争霸的要津，孙刘联合在赤壁一战

大破曹军，刘备遂于次年向孙权借得荆州，并以此为根基迅速发展蜀国势力。此后，东晋末年的安帝，南朝时的齐和帝、梁元帝、后梁宣帝，隋时的后梁王以及唐末五代十国时的南平国王等，先后有11个纷争王侯在此称帝（王）建都，长达100余年。唐代的荆州是陪都，称“南郡”，与长安城南北呼应。宋朝建立后，于此置江陵府。元初改江陵府为上路总管府。明初又改设荆州府。清代则沿用明朝制度。民国时，荆州属湖北省第四行政都察区。中华人民共和国成立后，荆州城是湖北省荆州地区专员公署和江陵县人民政府机关所在地。1994年，原荆州地区和沙市市合并成立荆沙市，1997年更名为荆州市，荆州城为荆州市六县市二区的荆州区所在地。

荆州城地处天下之中，江湖之会，历来就是兵家必争之地。诸葛亮曾说：“荆州北据汉沔、利尽南海，东连吴、会，西通巴、蜀，此用武之国”。汉代以耿直忠烈闻名的宰相李固，三国名将关羽、周瑜、吕蒙、陆逊，晋代文武双全的大司马陶侃都曾镇守过荆州；晋代诗人谢灵运、鲍照，唐代开明宰相张九龄、张柬之，大文学家韩愈、元稹以及宋代大政治家王安石等著名历史人物，也都曾在荆州担任过大小不同的职务。此外，历代的许多次重大农民起义，也都把荆州作为重要的攻夺目标，如西汉末年的王匡、王凤，唐末的黄巢，元末的陈友谅，明末的李自成和张献忠等领导的农民起义军都曾攻占过荆州城。

除了是军事要地，古代荆州城的经济与文化也是非常活跃和繁荣的。由于交通便捷、土地肥沃、气候温和、物产丰富，早在西汉时期，它已发展成为全国十大商业中心之一，名列南方五郡之首。南北朝时，便成为“长江中游第一城”，与下游著名的商业城市扬州齐名，史称“江左大镇莫过荆、扬”。虽然在西魏时期曾一度毁于战难，但到中唐又逐渐恢复繁华且其规模约十倍于以前，所以荆州城在当时被定位“陪都”，与长安、洛阳并称。

荆州是楚文化的中心，是“钟鸣楚天”的音乐、舞蹈之邦，享有“惟楚有才”的盛誉。千百年来，这里文化昌盛，人才辈出，孕育有楚国著名爱国诗人屈原、唐代著名边塞诗人岑参、宋代“小万卷”朱昴等一大批江陵才子。在政坛，从荆州走出的宰相有唐代刘洎、段文昌和“一门三相”的岑之本、岑长清、岑羲祖孙三代，最为著名的是明代宰相张居正，他力主革除弊政，发展经济，在当时起到了一定的积极作用，为后人所崇敬。同时，荆州城旖旎的自然风光和深厚的文化底蕴，还吸引了历代众多知名文人志士前来观光游览、咏诗会友，汉代的司马迁，魏晋南北朝的王粲、陶渊明，唐代的王维、孟浩然、李白、杜甫、刘禹锡、李商隐、杜牧，宋代的苏轼、陆游及明清的袁宏道、王士祯等都曾游历过荆州城，并留下大量的诗文佳作，其中最负盛名的当属李白《下江陵》一诗中“朝辞白帝彩云间，千里江陵一日还”的绝句了。

好了，说了这么多，大家对荆州古城的过去一定有了进一步地了解吧。现在就让我们一起去来看看现在的荆州城里到底是个什么样子。请大家紧跟着我沿着右边的人行道上城，左边是马道，如果您留意的话，就会发现砌成马道的砖上刻有文字，这就是荆州古城墙上极为珍贵的铭文砖，又叫文字砖，它们记载了历代修建荆州城墙的漫长历史过程，反映了荆州所管辖的行政区域的变迁状况，具有重要的历史研究价值。

相传在汉代荆州就筑有正规的城墙，后经蜀将关羽、东吴守将朱然和东晋荆州刺史桓温及梁元帝等12次维修扩建，使荆州城更加坚实壮阔，但这都是土城墙。据史料记载，荆州最初的砖城墙始建于五代十国时期，荆南节度使高季兴出于割据荆州自立为王的目的，于公元912年动用十几万军民大修荆州砖城墙，筑城的砖不够，就下令四处挖取墓砖，方圆五十里内的坟墓尽遭挖掘。据说城墙筑成后，每到深夜，墙上便游荡出无数的磷光，看上去像“鬼火”，令人毛骨悚然。北宋末年，因“靖康”战火焚烧，城墙大毁。到了南宋时，荆州安抚史赵雄为了加强荆州防御，上奏淳熙皇帝准许，于公元1187年大兴土木，在11个月的时间内重修起砖城墙，还在城墙上建造战楼一千余间，这次筑城的砖为政府下令烧制的“专用城砖”，砖上有责任铭文，但没有年号记载。后来，元兵攻占荆州城，忽必烈下令将城墙全部拆除。朱元璋建立明朝后，再次依旧基修复，并在城周开掘护城河。明末张献忠率领农民起义军攻进荆州城后，城墙又被愤怒的义军所拆除。直至清顺治三年（即公元1646年），第三次在旧基上筑起城墙，这就是留存至今的荆州古城墙。城池构筑十分坚牢，为了防止城墙因水侵腐蚀而下陷，城墙基脚全部用条石垒砌，墙面均用石灰糯米浆灌缝，尽管曾遭三毁三建，且历经三百多个春秋寒暑，该城墙依然保存完好。新中国成立以后，国家和当地政府对荆州古城进行了重点保护，对荆州城及周边环境加以改造、整治、修缮和扩建，修建了内环道和外环道，疏通治理了护城河，在东门外和新北门分别建起了凤凰广场和天问广场，使荆州古城更加美丽、雄伟、壮观，这就是各位今天看到的荆州城古老而新鲜的面孔。

另外，据专家考证指出，到目前为止，荆州城墙上发现最早的、有年号的文字砖是明洪武二年（即公元1369年）的，距今已有六百多年的历史，此砖比新华社报道的、在万里长城上发现的万历年间的文字砖要早207年。更令人称奇的是，从文字砖上记载得知，这些砖不仅仅出自江汉平原，还有的来自省内其他地方及省外的湖南、陕西、江西等地，由此可见当时筑城工程之巨大。古代筑城，还体现出一种质量管理的思想，历代建筑或维修城墙所留下的或详或简的责任铭文，实际上都是一种公开的责任状。从城砖上文字记载的内容看，是十分细致严格的，除了记录有制砖的时间和地点外，还有关于监造人、制砖人、烧窑人、制

砖费用、承担者姓名和具体负责的地方官员的详细铭文。可见在当时修筑荆州城墙时采取了“全民动员、上下动手、分工明确、责任到人”的做法。荆州之所以在古代一直被誉为“铁打的荆州”，与这种“责任制”是分不开的。这也是我们今天需要从先贤那里学习和借鉴的。

大家仔细的观察这些文字砖，细心的朋友还会发现在文字刻法上，既有阴刻，也有阳刻，还有阴阳兼刻；在书法字体上，既有行书，也有楷书；在字的写法上，则既有繁体字，又有简化字。因此，这些文字砖还有重要的艺术研究价值，值得进一步开发和利用。

现在，我们登上了东门城楼，凭栏远眺，遥想关羽当年，朱颜长髯，手握青龙偃月刀，您是否也壮心勃发，能够体验到“一夫当关，万夫莫开”的豪情呢？

从空中鸟瞰，荆州城墙就像一条游龙绵亘在水泊湖沼之中，呈不规则的椭圆形。整个城墙东西长3.75公里，南北宽1.2公里，周长10.5公里，城内面积

4.5平方公里。城墙高8.83米，顶面宽3至5米不等，底座宽10米左右。城墙上建有城垛4567个，炮台26个以及藏兵洞4个。这些都是古代战争防御进攻的工具。

荆州古城共建有六座城门，东北各两座，西南各一座。东门名叫寅宾门，小东门名叫公安门，大北门名叫拱极门，又名柳门，小北门名叫远安门，南门名叫南纪门，西门名叫安澜门。每座城门的名称都与荆州的地理、历史和习俗有关，如小东门，当年刘备把油江口改为公安，迎娶孙夫人后乘船回荆州，在此门下舟登岸进荆州城，故名公安名；又如大北门，古时候城北有通往京都的大道，仕宦迁官调职时，皆出此门，官员友朋送行时，在此折柳相赠，故又称柳门。为什么古人不折桃李，却偏要折柳相赠呢？这可是有来由的，据史书记载，我国自汉代起，亲友临别时折柳相赠渐成习俗，是因“柳”是“留”的谐音，折柳相赠有“挽留”、“留恋”之意。除小东门之外，其他五座城门均有闾门，为二重门，二门之间有瓮城，二重门各设一个木质对开门，木门内还有一道10厘米厚的闸板，以防水患。此外，六座城门上原来都建有城门楼，东门城楼叫宾阳楼，小东门城楼叫望江楼，大北门城楼叫景龙楼，小北门城楼叫朝宗楼，南门城楼叫曲江楼，西门城楼叫九阳楼，由于朝代更替，历史变迁，加上战火的破坏，原有的城楼除大北门上的景龙楼为清朝道光十八年（即公元1838年）重修保存至今外，都已不复存在了。我们现在所在的东门宾阳楼，是国家为了发展荆州旅游事业，修缮和保护荆州古城于20世纪80年代拨款仿古重建的。

荆州城内外还零星散落着一些历史遗迹，也是值得大家前往一游的地方，如城内的开元观、玄妙观、铁女寺、文庙、关帝庙，城外的太晖观、关公点将台、张飞一担土等，除了城墙和这些历史遗迹外，在荆州城内再难看到古老的建筑，

取而代之的是鳞次栉比的高楼大厦。随着时间的推进，昔日荆州城内的小街小巷也有宽阔的马路代替，形成纵横交错、井然有序的公路网。为了适应现代交通工具的需要，在东、南、北三面的城墙上又开凿了适合公交车辆通行的三座新城门，使今天荆州城的城门变为了9座。荆州古城内四处透射着现代气息，商业氛围非常浓郁，大型的商场有荆州商场、荆州百货大楼、荆州华联商厦、荆州楚天大楼等，在这些商场里各类商品应有尽有，如果您想购买一些荆州的土特产品带回家作为纪念或馈赠亲朋，我在此可以如数家珍地把荆州风物介绍给大家，请大家用心听好喽：在聚珍园这座有着百年历史的老饭店里可以买到正宗的江陵八宝饭，在荆州百货大楼里可以买到香酥可口的江陵九黄饼，在荆州丝绸厂里可以买到称心如意的织锦缎、仿古绸等丝绸产品，在荆州工艺美术厂还可以买到品种各异的仿古漆器??

好了，荆州古城的有关情况就给大家介绍到这儿了。现在给大家一刻钟的时间自由活动，大家可以在此拍照留念。

篇二：East Lake(东湖英语导游词)

East Lake

Good morning/afternoon, ladies and gentlemen:

Welcome to China, welcome to our beautiful riverside city——Wuhan. My name is Zora. I?m from CITS, I?m very glad to be your guide. There is a famous saying in China, “It is difficult for two mountains to meet each other, but not for people.”By this chance, on behalf of our travel service I?d like to express my warmest welcome to your present here. Now, please allow me to introduce my team for you. This is our driver Mr.Wang, he has more than 20 years of driving experience, so you are in very safe hands. And his bus number is 4301. During the tour, If you have any questions or requests, please don?t hesitate to lat me know. I will try my best to make your stay in Wuhan a pleasant one. I believe that all of you will return with an unforgettable memory.

Maybe some of you have heard of West Lake in China before, but do you know there is a poem describing the East Lake like this: “East Lake lets West Lake better than itself temporarily; it will surpass West Lake in the future.” Hearing this, you must be eager to see its beautiful scenery, right? Let?s go now!

First of all, I?d like to give you a brief introduction of our destination.The East Lake is located in the eastern suburb of Wuhan. It was announced one of by the State Council in November of 1982. It's total area is 87 square kilometers, of which about 33 square kilometers are water surface. It?s the biggest city lake of China which is six times as large as the west lake in Hangzhou.(Formation)According to geologists and archaeologists, a long time ago, the Yangtze River overflew it?s banks for many times, the mud and sand brought by floods silted unevenly on the southern bank of the Yangtze River. As time went by, the lower part formed today?s East Lake. Then, what?s it exactly we are going to see? Well, according to the natural condition and the local anecdotes, East Lake Scenic Spots can be divided into six parts along the lake, namely Listening to the Wave, White Horse, Falling Wild Goose, Moshan, Playing the Flute, and Luohong District. Today, I will show you around the Listening to Wave District.

After entering the door of East Lake, we are already in the Listen to Wave District. This area is surrounded by green bamboos and pine trees. It?s a good place for you to enjoy the sounds of pine trees and waves echoing each other.

Continue to the east, we came to the Crystal Cove. Do you see the bluestone slope protection embedded two Chinese characters “松坡”，they were written by a famous poet named Sudongpo, meaning “the pine slope". Slab stone has a few green plants above it, some straight steep pines rock the shore,

adding some verve for scenery here. poet in the Warring States period. When it comes to Quyuan, there are a lot of things to say. He was born in Zigui County of Hubei Province during the Warring States Period of China. Because of his talent, he was offered a high rank by the King of the Chu State. He worked loyally for the Chu State and always concerned about common people?s life. Because of his effort, the Chu State became more and more strong. Unfortunately, later the King of Chu State was deceived by traitor and sent him into exile. When he heard the news that the Chu State was defeated by the Qin State later, he felt very sad and drowned himself in the Miluo River in order to call on Chu people?s patriotism. After Quyuan was exiled, he ever passed Wuhan and wrote and recited some poems on the shore of East Lake. In order to commemorate Quyuan, Wuhan people built this pavillion. Ququan made a great contribution to the culture of China even the world. In September of 1953, the world peace council held a meeting to commemorate the most famous four culture persons, among them one is Quyuan.

XingYin pavilion is a reinforced concrete structure, 22.5 meters high, a flat square. Inside, there are the portraits and the life profiles of QuYuan, also displaying some of his writings. The statue standing in front of us is Quyan, it?s 6.8 meters high. Have you noticed the expression on his face? It shows loads of grief and indignation Quyuan had after being exiled.

After we finishing visiting the Xingyin pavilion, let?s go forward to "the waters and skies merge in one color " , which is one of the 24 scenes of East Lake. the first sight we see is the fish pond, it is a group of buildings with the national characteristics, and the bridge here is winding and bent. East Lake?s fresh water fish is also very abundant, totaling about 50 kinds. They are Wuchang Fish, common carps, cruician carps, black carps, etc., among these, the Wuchang Fish is the most famous and precious one. In the Yuan dynasty a man named Ma ZuChang once said "Do not miss Wuchang fish whenever traveling to the south", this shows the great reputation of Wuchang fish has been spread long time ago. After liberation, chairman MAO often came to Wuhan to inspect, mostly lived in east lake scenic area, he once tasted Wuchang fish at the restaurant here. He also wrote it in his famous poem " Swim" in 1956. The steamed Wuchang Fish is the most famous local dish of Wuhan.You can taste it later.

Look, the pavillion right in front us is the Changtian pavillion. It remains the Chinese traditional royal palace style. Chairman MAO and other great leaders once had a rest here and received

international friends. Standing upstairs, looking up to the sky, having a distant view of surrounding area, I hope you also get great relaxion and feel peaceful from inner heart.

On the right side of the building is Luxun square．On the Luxun?s Square stands the statue of Luxun. Luxun was the forerunner of China?s new culture revolution as well as the great writer, thinker and revolutionist. He was born in 1881 and died in 1936.

That?s all for the explanation to the East Lake. Thank you for your cooperation and understanding. You will have another 30 minutes to have a look around the temple. If you have any problems, do let me know. I would like to repeat our bus number, 4301. Please don?t forget it. See you later

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篇三：留园英语导游词

Lingering Garden

Lingering Garden is one of the four major gardens in China and one of the Suzhou gardens listed as the World Cultural Heritage site by UNESCO. Situated between Suzhou’s Changmen City Gate and the Tiger Hill, it was built in the 16th century. Its founder was Xu Taishi, a high-ranking official. It was first named East Garden, as opposed to the West Garden that was laid out west of it at the same time by the same person.

In 1798 the garden was owned by Liu Rongfeng, an official in charge of military affairs. It was repaired and renamed the Cold Azure Mountain Villa. Local people thought it was too literary to remember, and used to call it Liu Family’s Garden, or simply Liu’s Garden and Liu Garden.

In 1876, Sheng Xuren, a provincial official took over the garden. The new owner, Sheng Family, changed the garden’s family name Liu into another Chinese character liu wuth the same pronunciation. This character liu means “linger to stay”. This is only a play on wards. Since then, the garden ahs been known as Liu Garden or the Lingering Garden.

During the Anti-Japanese War the garden was occupied by Japanese horsemen and reduced to ruins. In 1953, the people’s government repaired the garden and restored its former splendor.

The garden covers an area of 34.9 mu, or about six acres. It’s composed of the central, eastern, western, and northern sections, with the central and eastern sections being its quintessence. The western area is noted for natural scenery with rockeries, woods and brooks; and the northern part, rustic scenery.

Most buildings in the garden are naturally connected by a 670-metre-long winding corridor. So the garden’s characteristics are well-knit composition and infinite variety. And groups of the buildings are designed ingeniously to divide and compose the space into ever-changing garden scenes.

Picturesque Courtyard

The lay-out of the courtyard is quite unique. You see the rockeries and plants are arranged with the white wall as the background. Such a design is based on the idea that the white wall is like a sheet of paper, and it is painted with trees, flowers and rocks as the main theme. It’s regarded as a Chinese traditional painting.

Stone Engravings

Set in the white walls along the corridors are over 373 stone engravings. They record essays and poems written by ancient scholars in past dynasties or show beautiful calligraphy written by famous calligraphers centuries ago such as Wang Xizhi, Mifu and others.

Intertwined Old Trees

Grown on the flower bed are two trees, one is cypress and the other is camellia.

Above the trees is a brick tablet carved with four characters reading Old Trees with Intertwined Branches. It’s well designed to form a scene decorating such a tiny yard in order to let in sunbeams and fresh air. On the other hand it acts as a nice painting. The intertwined trees are a symbol of a happy pair-husband and wife.

Six Lattice Windows

Lattice windows, also known as flowery windows or pattern windows, play big role in embellishing Suzhou gardens. Their designs are different from each other. Through theme, visitors can see scenery changing while walking along the corridor.

Green Shade Studio

Staying in this water-side studio named Green Shade, we can see that rockeries, terraces, pavilions and trees are tastefully laid out around a pool. In spring when all the trees are turning green and birds are chirping in trees, the scene viewed from here is really charming. Then wisteria is flowering with purple colour over the zigzag bridge.

At the far end of the pool three giant gingko trees, believed to be about 300 years old, turn green in early April after winter jasmine is blooming with yellow flowers in early spring.

Fresh and Clear Tower

Turning to west from Green Shade, we can see a classical building by the pond. It’s the Fresh and Clear Tower. Seen from across the pool, this building looks like a two-storied cabin in a pleasure boat. When a breeze riffles the pond, it resembles a painted pleasure-boat cruising against the current, or along the current.

Lotus Hall

Azure-Containing Mountain House, also called Lotus Hall, is the main hall in the central part of the garden. North of it, a abroad terrace stretches to a lotus pond. So it is a place to view lotus flowers.

Osmanthus Pavilion

Following the long zigzag corridor up the hill, we reach the Pavilion for Smelling the Aroma of Osmanthus from which we can command an overall view of the middle section.

Osmanthus blooms in mid-autumn, when we Chinese celebrate the mid-autumn so we can see the moon rising from the east in the evening. Garden designers hold it’s the place to appreciate the autumn scenery.

Main Rockery

It is the highest place in the garden. On the rockery stands the Enjoyable

Pavilion. Behind it, grow two huge gingko trees, which are living fossil trees.

The ground around the pavilion is decorated or paved with eight designs known as Hidden Eight Immortals. Totally eight designs symbolize eight articles carried by Eight Immortals in Taoist, for instance, a fan , a ground, a lotus flower, etc. When it snows in the winter, it is good place for people to see the snowy scenery of the garden.

Other Scenic Spots

Other scenic spots in the central part include Distant Greenery Chamber, zigzag bridge on the Little Fairy Land, Fish-watching Pavilion, Winding Brook Chamber, Cool Breeze Water Verandah as well as a peony flower-bed carved in the Ming Dynasty.

Five Peak Fairy Hall

When we enter the eastern scenic area, what we see first is the Five-Peak Fairy Hall. It is also called Nanmu Hall because its structural parts and furniture are made of Phoebe nanmu wood. Nanmu is a very good which is never rotton. It is unique to China. The hall produces an effect of magnificence and elegance. It is the largest hall in all gardens in Suzhou.

In old days the owner of the garden received his distinguished guests in this nanmu hall. And grand occasions such as birthday, wedding day and festivals were held in this hall, too.

Displayed in the northwest corner of the hall is a round marble stone as large as a round table top. It is a whole piece showing the natural scenery in the mountainous area after raining. This rare stone is produced in the Diancang Mountain, Yunnan Provinces, southwest China.

Bowing Rocks Studio

The Bowing Rocks Studio is also called the Small Courtyard of Stone Forest. It is an independent garden court, quiet and unique. It’s adorned with winding corridors and an assortment of strangely shaped rocks.

Three windows in the studio are like three pictures. Behind them is a small garden plot, known as a sky-well, with bamboo and rocks. Set off against the white wall behind, they look like three beautiful old Chinese paintings.

The studio faces a rockery courtyard. The rock in the middle resembles an eagle. Lower right is a stone which looks like the head of a dog. It seems that there appears a fighting between the two animals.

A lot of framed windows from rather beautiful window scenes which look like charming pictures. Their frames are square, rectangular, hexagonal or octagonal. Especially the window in the south looks like a mirror reflecting the Eagle Rock into it. Actually behind the window lies another rock so as to form an opposite scene. It is a visual illusion. But it is a great success in piling up rockeries, showing the real expertise of classical gardening done by Suzhou’s craftsmen in ancient times.

Hall of Relaxation for Eminent Elders

It is one of the three largest buildings in the garden. Architecturally it is ingeniously designed and magnificently constructed. Under its single roof rest two separate houses, each having its own separate roofs. Doors, windows, beams, pillars and furniture are different in style in its northern and southern halls. This kind of classical building is called the Mandarin Ducks Hall. Its southern part was used for the wife of the owner to receive her friends while the northern part for gentlemen. Because the northern part is much better. It faces the Cloud-Crowned Peak in the northern garden court.

Cloud-Crowned Peak

It is a 6.5-metre-tall Taihu Rock weighing about five tons. This is an ornamental rock standing opposite the Hall of Relaxation for Eminent Elders. The rock has all the four features required of Taihu rockery, i.e., it is lean, wrinkled, hollow and perforated. The rock looks slim and has rugged contours. It is hollowed because it contains a lot of pierced cavities. And it is perforated because there are lots of small holes inside it. After raining, the rock can drain the rain water through these inner tiny holes.

The manufacture of such rocks has a long history. Back in the Song Dynasty some 900 years ago, stone masons living by Taihu Lake brought rocks from the mountains and chiseled them into different shapes. Then the rocks were placed in the lake for many years, where the waves eventually rubbed them smooth. The saying goes that Zhu Mian of the Song Dynasty originally intended to give this Cloud-Crowned Peak to the emperor for the imperial garden. But it was too heavy, so it remained in Suzhou.

Beside the peak stand two other rocks, one called the Auspicious Cloud Peak to the east and the other, the Mountainous Cloud Peak to the west. The three rocks are known as the Three Peaks of the Lingering Garden.

The two-storied building behind them is named the Cloud-Crowned Building. The pavilion nearby is called the Cloud-Crowned Pavilion. As its foot is a tiny pond with water lily growing and gold fish swimming. It is named the Cloud-Washing Pool.

Another Village

Heading westward from the three peaks, we can see the Pavilion of Clear Skies, Seasonable Rain and Gratifying Snow. Walking along a winding corridor, we come to the northern part of the garden, where is a spacious Chinese-rose nursery, providing the rustic scenery.

Further on, we get to a moon gate with Another Village carved above. Inside it we’ll be glad to find hundreds of potted landscapes in a garden court, which is a complete display of Suzhou miniature landscapes. Then appears a hill built up of yellow rocks, picturesque and wild in a natural setting. When autumn comes, the flaming red of maple trees on this earthern hill matches up the gingko foliage of

the central section in a riot of colours.

A flight of steps up the hill takes visitors to Shout-for-Joy Pavilion and Ultimate Happiness Pavilion. By a small stream at the foot of the hill lies the Pavilion of Liveliness Place, a rustic waterside pavilion.

The exquisite close-knit structure of the Lingering Garden and the open scenery of the Humble Administrator’s Garden are regarded as to linger in this garden of enchantment.

篇四：网师园 英语 导游词

Master-of-Nets Garden

The Master-of-Nets Garden is the historical monument for national reservation. And it is inscribed on the World Cultural Heritage List by UNESCO. The garden was founded in the 1180 in the Southern Song Dynasty. Its founder was Shi Zhengzhi, a high official of the Song Court. The earliest name of the garden was the Ten Thousand Volumes Hall. The residence was also known as Fisherman’s Retreat.

In the reign of Emperor Qianlong (1736-1796) of the Qing Dynasty, a bureaucrat named Song Zongyuan bought it and built a garden on the site after he went into retirement. Drawing inspiration from the name of Fisherman’s Retreat, he called the garden Wangshi Yuan which meant Fisherman’s Garden, or the garden of the Master of the Fishing Nets. It most popular name in English is the Master-of-Nets Garden. Such a name could express the owner’s aloofness from politics and material pursuits.

The garden covers an area of 1.35 acre, and is compactly laid out, with halls, corridors and pavilions well positioned. The garden is of typical residential style. It’s very unique in Suzhou.

The residential area is in the eastern part of the garden. From south to north are arranged three elegantly decorated halls—the sedan hall, main hall and rear hall, which are symmetrically built along the same axis.

Sedan-Chair Hall

Now we have arrived at the gate of the garden. It is one of the very few early homes that can be seen today. You might have noticed that the gate is raised way above the ground, making room for the threshold, which stands about three feet high. You may wonder why the threshold was made so high. Well, in the old times, the height of the threshold indicated the social standing of the family.

There is a side door next to the main gate, used by servants and common people. The main gate was opened only for the senior members of the family and their distinguished guests, who would come and go in sedan-chairs. When the gate opened, the threshold would be removed to let the sedan-chair pass through. This hall is where the sedan-chair would be parked, so it has the name of Sedan-Chair Hall. The two small rooms flanking the entrance were provided for the doorkeepers and sedan-chair carriers. And the carriers might also sit on the two long benches by the windows.

One of the typical features of Suzhou’s traditional houses is building of small courtyards, like the two we see here. Their practical function is to let in light and air as well as to drain rain water away. Hung above is a wooden tablet with four characters, which mean “to be an upright and capable person (or official) earlier.” Shown below is a lacquer-carving painting which gives visitors a panoramic view of the whole garden.

We are coming from the south now and moving north. Standing behind the screen, you may see some carved stone niches over the doorway, which were

originally reserved for the ancestral tablets of the family. The niches are relics of the Southern Song Dynasty.

Brick-Carved Gateway

The most elaborate brick carving of the gateway is really worth studying. It dates back to the Qianlong’s reign of the Qing Dynasty, some 250 years ago, but it is still kept in excellent repair.

The peony flowers and bats carved in relief are symbols of wealth and good luck. There also three-dimensional carvings of figures from theatrical stories. The figurines on the east side tell story of King Wen requesting Jiang Ziya to be his military advisor. The story took place some 3100 years ago. The inscription over the doorway says something like Soaring upon Literary Talent. The figurines on the west side show how General Guo Ziyi celebrated his birthday. The story was set in the Tang Dynasty.

Bricks are also used to face the door panels as a precaution against fire, so the gate is called the Wind-Fire Gate.

Grand Reception Hall

Here is the main reception hall of the residence, known as Ten Thousand Volumes’ Hall. Everything inside is very formally and symmetrically displayed, such as furniture and the wall hangings.

The owner used to greet his guests at the gateway and lead them into this hall. Also held in this hall were important ceremonies for birthday, wedding day and so on. The chairs and tables her are typical Ming Dynasty furniture of the 16th century. You can tell that from their simple and clear cut lines without marble inlay.

Shown in the middle of the hall is a bronze drum, which was popular in the Yunnan and Guizhou Provinces southwest China. Bronze drums have a long history of some 2700 years. They were used as musical instruments for memorial ceremonies or battles. Local villagers beat bronze drums for festivals, marriage celebrations, feasts, bull-fighting, etc. The garden displays such a bronze drum to enrich the cultural background in such a classical garden.

Chamber with Best Views

Here is the reception hall for the ladies of the family. It’s built on a somewhat smaller scale, but it’s a more private chamber than the male quarters. The upper rooms, formerly used by the women as bedrooms, command good views of suburban hill and scenes inside the city wall.

In the front courtyard grow two osmanthus trees creating a poetic atmosphere. Other rooms to the east of the hall and to the west of the hall are concealed from public views, behind the walls.

A private entry to the other side, the northeast side, gives easy access to the backyard of the house. Or we may pass through another entry on the northwest

side to enter the garden proper.

Hall of Ascending Cloud

We come into a garden court with a three-bay house. It is named the Hall of Ascending Cloud. Trees and rockeries are well arranged with a moon gate on the east side, which leads to a two-storied building. Suzhou dialect storytelling and ballad-singing are performed here in the evening when the night garden is open to the public from March to November.

Five Peaks Library

It is a two-storey classical building, which was originally the library of the owner of the garden. Books used to be stored upstairs, and down here the five-bay room was used as a winter retreat in addition to being a reading room.

Through the glass windows we may look out into this courtyard featuring both evergreen trees and deciduous trees with rockeries and white walls as the background.

How to go upstairs? A wooden stairway can lead you to go upstairs in another building known as the Hall of Mind Concentration,

Hall of Mind Concentration

This place used to be one of the reading-rooms of the garden’s owner. From here the central space of the garden is already visible. Upstairs was the bedroom for grown-up daughters of the family. So the whole building is popularly known as Young Lady’s Building. No gentleman was permitted to enter. In front of the hall is a courtyard, very small but very poetic, with two bamboo groves growing quite well. Walking southward through the courtyard and a moon gate, we can get to the Bamboo Flanked Verandah.

Bamboo Flanked Verandah

This open-sided verandah resembles the cabin of a boat when it is viewed from the south and southwest. We can have a panorama of scenes over the pond. To the left we may see a yellow rock which rises over the water’s edge like a cliff. The wisteria vines coil about the rockery, and the water seems to flow by the rockery and run freely under a stone bridge towards unknown sources.

Situated south beyond the pond is another rock-piled hill, which is named Mount Yungang. It is piled up with yellow stones. If we follow the walkway by the wisteria and circle around the pond, we’ll get to two nice pavilions, one is the water-side studio for washing hat-tassels; the other is a pavilion for viewing the rising moon.

Hall of Viewing Pines and Paintings

Leaving the Bamboo Flanked Verandah and strolling northwest, we may arrive at the Hall of Viewing Pine and Paintings, which is a major building in the garden proper, formally used as a painting studio. Because it is designed on a

pretty large scale, the hall is set back from the water so as not to dominate the pond. Between this hall and the pond, a garden court is arranged, where a few ancient trees and some flowers grow. The cypress is nearly 900 years old, which is an evidence to the long history of the garden.

Another old tree is called the white-bark pine, over there, with a slanting trunk. The podocarpus is a replanted one. The trees play an effective role in deepening the yonder spaces.

The furniture in this hall dates from the Qing Dynasty, but it remains much of the Ming style, especially the chairs. Their simple clear-cut lines are characteristic of Ming Dynasty furniture.

Besides, three stones are displayed in the hall as ornaments. They are fitted on carved mahogany stands. The two stones on either side are petrified wood, or known as fossil tree. The one in the middle is a Ling Bi stone. If one strikes it, it gives forth a metallic sound. Ancient scholars were noted for their love of rocks. Behind these half-length fret windows there are two nice courtyards, in which some Taihu rocks and plants are arranged to offer framed pictures.

A distinctive feature of the hall is that the walls are faced with grey bricks which give a nostalgic atmosphere.

Pavilion of Arriving Moon and Wind

The pavilion is built as something of a summer house to enjoy cool breeze and watch the moon. At the Mid-Autumn Festival one can have three moons in view: one in the sky, one in the water, and another one reflected in the mirror here. Across the pond is a high white wall, which is the flank of living quarters. In order to enliven the wall and break its stiff and monotonous patterns, three measures are taken. First of all, the designer uses both a climbing ivy and a few false lattice windows to decorate the wall. Secondly some tiles and eave tiles are used to form a horizontal line so as to cut down its height, which is a visional illusion. Thirdly, a rockery is piled up to cover up a good portion of the wall. So the white wall no longer appears overwhelming in our views.

The pavilion is jutting into the water. Thus visitors are brought to a good viewing position no matter which angle they face.

The covered walk way, paved with cracked stones, goes up and down to make us feel as if we did arrive in a real mountainous area.

Studio for Washing Hat-Tassels

The expression “Washing Hat-Tassels” is from the lyrics of fishermen’s songs in Chuci: The Fisherman. It goes, “When the gentle waves water is clear, I’ll wash my hat-tassels. When the gentle waves water is dirty, I’ll wash my feet.”

Staying here, people can see the house in the opposite bank of the pond. These buildings are different in heights and architectural features. The farther back they are, the higher they stand. Some stand of the water. The Hall of Viewing Pines and Paintings is set back behind trees, and the Five Peaks Hall and the Young Lady’s Building hide themselves behind lower verandahs. Their white

walls and dark roofs are clearly reflected in the pond with a few water-lilies on its surface. Thus the scenery around the pond seems to give us a sense of a big world from a limited space. The water surface of the pond looks wider. It is really the Nature in nutshell.

Late Spring Cottage

Here we come to a quiet inner courtyard. In the old time the courtyard was noted for the beautiful peony in its flower bed, so the building got the name Late Spring Cottage, denoting the blooming season of the peony. The cottage, or the hall, used to serve as the owner’s study, where he also received his intimate friends.

In the 1930’s the renowned landscape painter Zhang Daqian lived here. His No.2 elder brother, Zhang Shanzi raised a baby tiger in it, from which his brother drew artistic inspirations while drawing pictures with tigers as the main theme. Erected at the corner in the western-most wall is a stone tablet with characters written by Zhang Daqian to mark the event. What he wrote means “the tomb of the baby tiger raised by the late No. two elder brother.”

Cold Spring Pavilion

In front of the Late Spring Cottage is a nice garden, or garden court, where we can see different kinds of trees, rockeries and classical building such as a corridor and a pavilion.

Erected at the side of a tiny pool is the half-pavilion to house a large Ling Bi rock, which is said to have been in the possession of Tang Ying, the great painter of the Ming Dynasty. The pavilion, named Cold Spring, calls many visitors’ attention to rockery cave, where a natural spring is sheltered under rocks. The spring, in the form of a tiny pool, was discovered during the garden’s repair in 1958. so the spring adds an important element to this otherwise dry garden court.

Please look at the floor mosaic. It is paved with small pieces of stones, which are harmonized in colour with the Taihu rocks piled-up in the court.

Astor Court or Ming Room

The reputation of this garden court has increased internationally since 1980. In May 1980 a similar court was constructed in the Metropolitan Museum of Art of New York City to dis play and exhibit the oriental cultural relics such as porcelain, Chinese paintings and bronze ware. The court in the museum was designed as a Ming-dynasty-style garden court， named Astor Court or Ming Room. This is because Mrs. Astor donated 1.5 million USD to build the very garden court. And the Late Spring Cottage garden court in Suzhou was used as its model. The project was undertaken by Suzhou Garden Administration. A full-size prototype was erected in the East Park of Suzhou in May 1979. the prototype still remains in Suzhou; its replica is being exhibited in New York.

It was the first time for New China to export an entire classical garden for a foreign country. Its quality was excellent. So it was a great success in the cultural

篇五：天生三桥英语导游词

Three natural bridges

The Wulong Karst (Chinese: 武隆喀斯特) is a natural karst landscape located within the borders of Wulong County, Chongqing Municipality.It is divided into three areas containing the Three Natural Bridges, the Qingkou Tiankeng (箐口天坑) and Furong Cave respectively. It is a part of the Wulong Karst National Geology Park as well as part of the South China Karst, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. 20 kilometres (12 mi) southeast of Wulong County town, the area lies on the border of Baiguo and Hetao villages.

The Three Natural Bridges are a series of natural limestone石灰岩 bridges located in fairy mountain Town (仙女山镇), Wulong County.They lie within the Wulong Karst National Geology Park, itself a part of the South China Karst-Wulong Karst UNESCO World Heritage Site.In Chinese, the bridges are all named after dragons, namely the Tianglong (literally Sky Dragon) Qinglong (literally Azure蔚蓝的 Dragon) and Heilong (literally Black Dragon) bridges. Spanning the Yangshui River, a tributary支流 of the Wu River, the bridges are at the centre of a 20 square kilometres (7.7 sq mi) conservation area. Given that the distance between the upper end of the Tianlong Bridge and the lower end of the Heilong Bridge is only 1,500 metres (4,900 ft), these are not the longest natural bridges. However, they are the only such group of karst structures in the world. Between the bridges lie the Qinglong and Shenying tiankengs which have a depth of 276–285 meters and a circumference圆周of 300–522 meters. Wulong Karst Landscapes National Geological Park (武隆天坑地缝国家地质公园) is one of the largest geological parks in Chongqing. With amazing topography marked by awe-inspiring karst landscapes (landscape shaped by the dissolution of a layer or layers of soluble bedrocks), the park features a series of dolines, sinkholes, bridges, springs and cascading waters. The park includes three famous attraction spots: Wulong dolines, three karst bridges and Wulong sinkholes/chasms. Wulong boasts the world's largest scale karst bridges and the second largest series of dolines; the underground sinkholes/chasms are equally amazing.

Visitors can ride the elevators zooming down from the cliff tops and witness the three karst bridges in all its grandeur, 100 meters (328 feet) underground. The karst bridges are the main attractions of the park. Three arched bridges are formed consecutively in the 1.2 km (0.75 miles) distance – they are named Tianlong Bridge, Qinglong Bridge and Heilong Bridge. The height, width and spanning distance of all three bridges are above 150 meters (492 feet), 200 meters (656 feet) and 300 meters (984 feet) respectively; presently they are the largest karst bridges in the world. There are also two dolines formed by dissolution of bedrocks: the Tianlong Sinkhole and Shenying Sinkhole. They are perfectly situated in 1

between the bridges – making for a spectacular sight with dolines interlacing amongst the three karst bridges.

At the park, there is also a remnant of a building that was built for use in a movie directed by Zhang Yimou, Curse of the Golden Flower. Constructed amidst towering cliffs, the building’s walls and bricks have been created to appear worn and cracked, the roofs are overgrown with moss and weeds and the gray pillars and window frames are made to look like the structure originated eons ago – which fits perfectly with the surrounding land formations. After the movie production crew left, the building stayed behind, serving an eerie reminder that humans were once here amidst naturally formed lands.

Visitors can then continue riding the sightseeing elevators to the bottom attractions at the park, passing through a long, cavernous tunnel to arrive at the chasms underground. Here the scenes are distinctly different from where the dolines are located; the walls and stairs are all wet and with water droplets falling from the ceiling. There are numerous disappearing creeks which supply the cavern with an ample

amount of water. Visitors are advised to wear non-slippery shoes and bring an umbrella or raincoat when visiting the caves. As you stand at the bottom of the sinkhole, looking up at the towering cliffs above, with trees and vines branching out all around as springs and cascades of water reflect the sunlight, you are bound to gasp in amazement at the wonders of nature

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