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英语记叙文特点

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英语记叙文特点体裁作文

篇一:英语记叙文的写作方法

记叙文写作方法与技巧

一.概念

记叙文也称叙述文,是一种以记叙/叙述的手法来表述人物、事件的文体。常见的属于记叙文文体的作品有:故事、游记、通讯、新闻报道、历史、 人物传记、日记和回忆录等。记叙文大致可以分为两大类:以记人为主的记叙文和以叙事为主的记叙文。前者主要是对人物的经历、活动或者性格特征进行叙述;后者则是对某一事件的发生、发展过程和结果进行叙述。前者重在描述人物的活动,而后者则重在表述事件的发生发展过程。

二.六大要素

记叙文的写作要注意交待清楚六大要素,即时间(time)、地点(place)、 人物( character)、事件的原因(cause)、经过(process)和结果( effect)。

由于记叙文中所涉及的要素比其他文体相对要多、要复杂,所以整篇文章的结构安排就显得尤其重要,安排不合理就会使读者产生混乱的感觉。

记叙文的展开一般都是以时间为主线来组织所要叙述的内容,使读者对文章中的人物或事件有一个比较清晰的了解。记叙文的结构安排通常有三种形式:正叙、倒叙和插叙。正叙是英语叙述文中最常用的一种结构,即以人物出现、活动或事件开始发生的时间点作为记叙的起点,然后按照人物活动的展开、事件发生发展的自然顺序进行叙述。倒叙则是在文章的开头就交待人物活动或事件发展的结果。插叙这一结构在我们的英文写作中很少用到。

三.时态

记叙文讲述的大多是过去已经发生的活动或事件,因此用过去时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)的作品比较多。但有时为了使文章显得更加真实、亲切和生动,也可以使用现在时态(一般现在时、 现在进行时、现在将来时、现在完成时)。

四.人称

记叙某个人物的经历、活动或某件事情的经过离不开叙述的主体,即 “人称”。记叙文中的人称大多采用第一人称或第三人称的形式。第一人称的叙述主观色彩较浓,可以增强文章的真实感,有利于表述细腻的情感和细节的过程;第三人称的叙述可以超越时空的限制,更加真实、客观地表述某一人物活动或事件的全过程。

无论采用第一人称,还是采用第二人称,都要保持全文叙述主体的人称的一致性。注意:句式尽量要多变,不要通篇文章的句子都以人称代词开头,否则文章会显得单调沉闷。例如: I loved the book first because of its beautiful heroine. Then I found it a romantic love story which

greatly moved me. I now find that it is better taken as the growth story of a naive girl into a strong-willed woman. I realize that it is the essence of the book that attracts such big number of faithful readers.

这一段描述在用词、内容、逻辑上都不错,但过多地使用了以“I”开头的句子,使文章略显单调乏昧,给读者的印象大打折扣。

五.措辞与表达

在全国大学英语四级考试的各种作文体裁中,记叙文需要应试者具有更全面的语言技能与篇章组织能力。四级考试中常见的议论文和说明文分别要求语言的准确性和论证的合理性、可信性;而记叙文的语言则以生动、真实、 贴切为准则。同一个记叙文题目,不同的人会描述不同的人物经历或事件,又很少有固定的表达或句式可供参考,这时作者的综合语言水平就会表现出来,对能否取得高分起到了相当重要的作用。 这就要求考生平时要多注意语言的磨练和积累。

六.记叙文写作技巧

1. 仔细审题,明确主题,选准素材,罗列提纲。

2. 写好第一段

最好能采用一个复句并且用上几个四级水平的单词或词组。这样的文章开篇方式会使读者或阅卷人确信接下来的文章也一样精彩。

我们来看这样一段文章的开头:

The results of the college entrance examination came. I tore open the envelope. As soon as I saw the score,tears streamed down my face. I fell into my bed and did not get up the whole day. All was over. What is the meaning to live on earth? For the first time, I thought of death, of being a vagrant and of being single all my life. I was only seventeen. Wasn’t it cruel to me? My father was hurt and he could not stand it that his son was a disgrace. He was angry beyond words. My mother kept silent,and often I saw her in tears. Horror fil(转 载 于:wWW.zw2.Cn 爱作文网)led the house.

怎么样,你自己是否也被一种失落与绝望的气氛所笼罩,并且期待着看到作者接下来会做些什么呢?

3. 结构要清晰

下笔之前一定要对整篇文章的结构有一个完整的构想,作文的框架、主题和脉络是最

重要的采分点。要清楚每一段要陈述哪些内容,这样不仅可以增强文章的逻辑性和可接受性,还可以使整篇作文的行文水到渠成,不会有凑字数的烦恼。

4. 尽量多使用表示转折、顺接、因果和时间的连接词

如first、second、moreover、for one thing…for another、on the one hand…on the other hand等。这样既可以显示语言功底,又增强了记叙内容的连贯性和生动性。

5. 文章不要写得太长

有的考生遇到触动自己内心情感的记叙文题目时就“一发不可收拾”,但由于时间有限,结果草草收尾,甚至没有结尾。四级作文毕竟是应试作文, 只要充分发挥出自己的英语语言水平,表述出所规定的内容就可以了。

6. 要多用四级词汇,要使句式多样化

没有语言错误并不是高分作文的保障(基本没有语言错误只是8分的基本要求) ;作文想达到11分以上,四级词汇和句型必须达到一定的比例。如,表示“重视”的词汇有stress,emphasize等,但选用短语attach importance to更能吸引阅卷人的注意;disagree和frown on sth. 都表示反对或不赞成,前者就平淡,后者表达意思很生动,更能引起阅卷老师的注意。

简单句和复合句合理搭配,长短句交替使用,会增强文章的节奏感,使描写更生动,给阅卷老师留下深刻印象。如:

(1) 名词化手段:用名词或名词词组替换一个句子或句子的主要部分,然后使这个名词或名词短语成为另外一个句子的组成部分,以达到合并句子的目的。如:

We were very much surprised.

Mary refused the invitation.

We were very much surprised at/by Mary’s refusal of the invitation.

(2) 定语化手段:根据语义关系,可以把其中一句转换成形容词或形容词性成分、分词短语、定语从句等,如:

The winnerwas in no mood for speeches.

The winner was hot and tired.

Thewinner,hot and tired,was in no mood for speeches.(转换成形容词短语)

7. 字迹清楚,卷面整洁。尽量不涂抹。

8. 最后的2—3分钟,进行修改检查。

检查的内容不是“大处着眼”,而是“小处着手”;不是考虑作文的框架结构,而是留心细枝末节。即检查:

(1) 动词时态是否正确(还包括主句与从句中的谓语动词时态);

(2) 主谓语是否一致;

(3) 代词的指代关系是否清楚; ’

(4) 动宾搭配是否合适;

(5) 用词是否错误;

(6) 冠词;

(7) 大小写、标点符号;

(8) 漏写、误写和拼写错误。

七.范文分析

Directions: Now you are allowed thirty minutes to write a passage on the title My Best Friend. You should write at least 100-120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:

1.简要介绍你最好的朋友。

2.你们之间的故事。

3.你对朋友的理解。

范文:

My Best Friend

Upon the words “best friend”, a figure Jumps into my mind (jump这个词使一个人物形象活灵活现地展现在读者眼前) —Zhang Ye—my schoolmate in senior high school and also my best friend. During the three years in high school, we shared countless moments of laughter and tears, joy and sorrow. (排比句式能使表达更有力度,而且将与朋友的共同经历描绘得丰富多彩)

She is of medium height and slim figure. Though not strong, she is really a girl with amazing stamina(毅力). Despite the similarities in our outlook on life and living, it is always she, the physically weaker one, who encouraged and urged me to finish some tasks when I attempted to give up. When we were preparing for the National Entrance Exam, she cheered me up emotionally and would give me a hand whenever I was in trouble. But for everything she did for me, I couldn’t

have had this opportunity to give a decent job with a decent pay. After the exam, she got eolled by Tsinghua University in Beijing while I went to a college in south China. (对3年中两人共同勉励、共同奋斗经历的叙述为读者展示了一段难忘的人生时光,确实不愧为best friend)

For the past several years, we have been in touch and share everything we are experiencing, sad or happy, dull or exciting.

True friendship lasts life long. Friendship is a magic. It can melt the ice in one’s heart and blow away the mist on one’s mind. It can inspire others and outdo the self. (再次应用排比句式表达了对友谊真谛的理解,感人至深) I believe the friendship between Zhang Ye and me will be the life-time beacon for both of us.

评析:

这是一篇典型的人物记叙文。大多数人物记叙文都遵循一个比较固定的写作套路,即:

第一段叙述文中人物与作者的关系,并对人物进行综合评价; 第二段叙述文中人物其个人或与作者共同的某段经历、活动;第三段进行综合叙述。

本文的第一段总体叙述了两个人相识相知的经历并用一个排比结构总括了两人共同经历的苦与乐、欢笑与泪水( laughter and tears,joy and sorrow)。第二段通过对具体事例的叙述将人物的性格特点表现得淋漓尽致,也丰富了best friend这个称谓的具体内涵。最后一段作者陈述了自己对友谊真谛的感悟,使文章的主题得到升华。而其中所使用的句式和词汇(melt the ice in one’s heart; blow away the mist on one’s mind; inspire others and outdo the self)也展示了作者深厚的语言功底。

八.参考模版

篇二:英文记叙文

写法指导(Writing Directions)

记叙文(Narrative),顾名思义,就是记人叙事的文章。英语记叙文的涵盖面比较宽,它既包括记人叙事的"动态"内容,又包括对写景状物等"静态"事物的记述.记叙文一般具有时间(time)、地点(place)、人物(character)、事件(event)、原因(cause)和结果(outcome)六个要素.记叙文(Narrative)是中学生英语作文中最常见的文体之一.其题材多种多样,丰富多采的学生生活,社会,学校,家庭中的所见所闻都需要通过记叙文的形式才能生动的展现出来。那么,如何才能写好英语记叙文呢?我们从以下三个方面来把握:

1.记叙文的结构

记叙文通常有三种结构类型:

(1) 顺序型:按时间发生的先后顺序所作的叙述。它能使人物,事件的叙述有头有尾,脉络清楚,有较强时空层次性,比较契合我国读者的接受心理。顺序常常不单独使用,多与其他叙述手法交叉,从而使叙述曲折生动,跌宕多姿.顺序型的结构模式是:总述+分述+结尾.这是一种按照事件"开端→发展→高潮→结局"的自然顺序进行叙述的客观记叙方法。

(2)倒叙型:先写结局,后写事件经过的叙述方法.所谓"倒叙",是把事件的结局或其发展过程中的某一重要断面提到文章前面,写完结局或断面,然后才按时间顺序写.这种笔法吸引读者。倒叙的结构式是:本事+往事.在这个模式中,本事=总叙开端+分叙发展或高潮+结尾结局.这是客观事物发展过程中的主要事件被颠倒的自然顺序的反映.倒叙文一般把"本事"中原有的"往事"写在"本事"的结局之后.

(3)合叙型:这是顺序和倒叙互相结合的一种叙述方法.在叙述某事的过程中暂时中断线索,插入另一件事的叙述。对全文来说,插入仅是一个片段,插叙完后,文章仍回到原来的事件叙述上来。这种插叙不是叙述的主体部分,一般不会发生在主流的时间范围内。若把这种插叙删去,虽然会削弱主体的深刻性,但不明显影响主要情节的完整性。合叙型的结构模式是:总叙+结尾.

2.英语记叙文的语言特点

英语记叙文的重要语言特点包括:

(1)以一般过去时为主,各种时态为辅,合理使用丰富多采的谓语动词时态.

(2)多用动词,特别是动态强的行为动词.

(3)使用直接引语.

要写好英语记叙文,就语言运用方面而言,应该在上述但方面多下功夫.

3.写作方法

写好英语记叙文的基本方法是:首先明确所要记叙的要素,即五个W和一个H(when,where,who,what,why,how).一般来说,要把事件和人物活动写清楚,这六个要素缺一不可。然后,确定以第几人称的视角以及何种顺序展开记叙,以保证记叙的条理性;最后,多在塑造人物、展开情节上下功夫,使文章能引人入胜. 叙文主要是由时间(when)、地点(where)、人物(who)、事件(what)、原因(why)和结果(result)六要素构成。一般来说,记叙文要把事件和人物活动写清楚,这六要素缺一不可。

叙事类写作以叙述事件为主,可以说事件是记叙的核心。写事件要交代事情的来龙去脉,可按事件发生的时间先后顺序依次叙述。同时要求重点突出,目的明确,详略得当。当然,构思新颖也是写好叙事文

的重要要求。这里的构思就是指文章的立意要新颖,组织材料和表现手法上要巧妙。在句式上,表示本人的经历或耳闻目睹的事件用第一人称,表示他人的经历和事件用第三人称。

【赏析】 A Football Game

Yesterday we had a football game against the team from Class Four. Their players were good. We really felt a little afraid of them. But Zhang Xin, the leader of our class team, said, "Although they are good players, their team is weak." Zhang Xin is about 1.68 meters tall and his number is twelve. He can kick two or three goals every match. Then he told us,"Remember that we are a team and we'll win the game."

At the beginning of the match, a player from Class Four ran with the ball. Zhang Xin ran over

quickly to stop him. He got the ball and kicked the goal! He kept on passing the ball to other players. We passed the ball to each other like him. The players from Class Four were getting anxious. They were angry with us. But we continued to pass the ball.

At last we kicked four goals and they kicked two. We won the game! We were very happy.

篇三:英语优秀作文的几个特点

英语优秀作文的几个特点

学生写作时,如果仅局限在把内容交代清楚的水准上,只选用一些普通的、直截了当的词,或一律使用简单句平铺直叙,那么,这样写出来的文章就会像一碗白开水,呆板、单调,没有可读性。句式单一、缺乏生气的文章,哪怕没有任何错误也不可能得高分。要使文章耐人寻味,有亮点,有深度,有文采,给读者留下深刻印象必须注意语言的多样性、连贯性和得体性,。具体说来,优秀英语作文往往有以下几个特点。

1、长句和短句交叉使用。在英语写作中,过多地使用长句或过多地使用短句都不好。正确的做法是,根据实际情况在文章中交替使用长句与短句,使文章显得错落有致,这样不仅使文章在形式上增加美感,而且使文章读起来铿锵有力。如果整篇文章都是短句,显得文章简单呆板没有深度;而文章长句太多会显得冗长乏味,艰深难解。只有长句和短句交叉搭配才使文章快慢结合,诵读起来,音韵铿锵,琅琅上口,给人以一种美的享受。

例如:中午我们晒着太阳吃野餐。休息一会儿后,我们唱歌的唱歌,跳舞的跳舞,还有讲故事、下棋,大家玩得很开心。

【一般句式】 At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine. Then we had a short rest. Then we began to play happily. We sang and danced. Some told stories. Some played chess.

【优秀句式】 At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine. After a short rest, we had great fun singing and dancing, telling stories and playing chess。

工作还得一张一驰呢,老让读者读长句,累死人!写一个短小精辟的句子,却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末,也可以揭示主题。例如:

As a creature,I eat;as a man,I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind,they are in a way quite similar。 如此可见,长短句结合,抑扬顿挫,岂不爽哉?牢记!

2、避免同一词语的重复使用。为了使表达更生动,更富表现力,写作时应尽量避免重复使用同一词语来表示同一意思,尤其是一些老生常谈的词语。在作文中频繁使用同一词会显得重复累赘,不能引起读者的兴趣。如果换用一些表达同一意思的新词会使文章更加生动,更富有表现力。如要表达like的意思,还有love=enjoy=prefer=be fond of=be care for=appreciate等同义词使用。贫穷的:poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken。富裕的:rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off。流行的:popular = prevailing = prevalent = pervasive。.优秀的:excellent = eminent = top = outstanding。大量的: a host of = a multitude of = a vast number of = a vast amount of。

例如:我喜欢读书,而我的弟弟喜欢看电视。

【一般句式】 I like reading while my brother likes watching television.。

【优秀句式】 I enjoy reading while my brother prefers watching television。

3、短语优先原则,适当使用短语代替单词。一篇优秀作文里往往含有大量的短语和习惯用法。用短语代替单词会使文章更加地道生动,体现作者的写作水平。例如,love=fall in love with。fill=be filled with = be awash with = be inundate with = be saturated with。decide= make up one's mind。

【一般句式】He has decided to be a teacher when he grows up.。

【优秀句式】He has made up his mind to be a teacher when he grows up。

【一般句式】He doesn't like music.

【优秀句式】He doesn't care much for music.

【一般句式】He told me that the question was now being discussed.

【优秀句式】He told me that the question was now under discussion.

写作时,尤其是在考试时,如果使用短语,有两个好处:其一、用短语会使文章增加亮

点,如果老师们看到你的文章太简单,看不到几个短语,必然会低看你一等。相反,如果发现有精彩的短语,那么你的文章就容易得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路,只有凑字数,怎么办?用短语是一个办法!比如:I cannot bear it.,可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it.。I want it.,可以用短语表达:I am looking forward to it.。这样字数明显增加,表达也更准确。

4、恰当使用某些固定表达方式和习惯用法。

【一般句式】 The film was very interesting.,Both the teachers and the students liked it.

【优秀句式】 The film was so interesting that both the teachers and the students liked it.

【一般句式】He was very tired,He couldnot walk any farther.

【优秀句式】He was too tired to walk any farther.

【一般句式】Your son is old. He can look after himself now.

【优秀句式】Your son is old enough to look after himself now.

5、合理使用省略句。有些句子前后部分意思重复,如果恰当使用省略句会使句子精炼简洁,更加生动,更具文采。如:

(1) 他可能很忙,要是这样,我以后再来拜访。要是不忙,我现在可以见他吗?

【一般句式】 He may be busy. If he’s busy, I’ll call later. If he is not busy, can I see him now?

【优秀句式】He may be busy. If so, I’ll call later. If not, can I see him now?

(2) 如果天气好,我们就去;如果天气不好,我们就不去了。

【一般句式】 If the weather is fine, we’ll go. If it is not fine, we’ll not go.

【优秀句式】If the weather is fine, we’ll go. If not, not.

(3) 她本可申请这份工作的,但她没有。

【一般句式】 She could have applied for that job, but she didn’t do so.

【优秀句式】She could have applied for that job, but she didn’t .

6、适当运用非谓语结构。现在分词、过去分词、动名词、不定式统称为非谓语结构。非谓语结构通常被认为是一种高级结构,适当运用非谓语结构,会给人一种熟练驾驭语言的印象。如:

【一般句式】When he heard the news, they all jumped for joy.

【优秀句式】 Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy.

【一般句式】As I didn’t know her address, I wasn’t able to get in touch with her.

【优秀句式】Not knowing her address, I wasn’t able to get in touch with her.

【一般句式】As he was born into a peasant family, he had only two years of schooling.

【优秀句式】Born into a peasant family, he had only two years of schooling. 7、恰当使用关联词(过渡词或衔接词),使行文自然流畅。流畅性是指根据整篇文章意思的需要,有效采用不同的连接手段,以使文章层次清晰,行文连贯。关联词就是常用的连接手段之一。英语作文中的关联词使用,可以使得句子与句子之间更加流畅,避免了各个句子的分割独立,使得文章顺理成章,一气呵成。恰当使用这些关联词无疑能使全文过渡自然,令读者对后面的句子产生心理的期待和准备,增强句子间的逻辑性和紧凑性。

下面列举一些常用的关联词:

(1) 表示平行、对等或选择关系:and,both?and,as well as,neither?nor,also,not only.?but also等。

(2) 表示转折关系:but,yet,however,nevertheless,in spite of,although,otherwise,while等。

(3) 表示对比关系:on the contrary,instead of,on the other hand,just like,unlike等。

(4) 表示因果关系:so,for,therefore,as a result,because,owing to,due to,thanks to,on account of等。

(5) 表示时间、顺序关系:shortly after, first, second?,then,next,finally,for one thing,for another thing,in the end,eventually等。

(6) 表示递进、强调关系:besides,furthermore,what’s more,in addition,moreover,worse still,above all,to make matters worse等。

(7) 表示解释、说明关系:namely,actually,such as,for example,for instance,that is to say,in other words,and so on,to tell you the truth,according to this等。

(8) 表示结论:in short,in brief,in a word,in general,as you know,as far as I know,on the whole等。

例如,对于这样一段话“Usually if you read the weather forecast in the newspaper, it will help you to predict how the day will turn out. But it’s not so in Britain.。” 如果运用连接词contrary to并且变换一下句式,将其变为Contrary to popular belief, reading the weather forecast carefully in the newspaper will not help you to predict how the day will turn out则显得更简洁、更紧凑。可见恰当运用连接词和变换句式可以收到以少量词表达出丰富意思的效果。 8、综合应用多种句式或句型表达。 在整篇文章中,千万不要只使用一两个句式或句型,否则会被老师认为你的语言应用能力太差。要灵活运用诸如强调句、复合句(包括各种从句)、分词短语、倒装句、省略句、虚拟语气等。文章尽量使用多种句式表达作者意图,可以体现作者娴熟的语言应用能力和文章丰富的表现力。例如:

(1)强调句

【一般句式】The dog has saved my little sister bravely.

【优秀句式】It is the dog that has saved my little sister bravely.

(2)主从复合句

【一般句式】We had to stand there to catch the offender.

【优秀句式】What we had to do was to stand there, trying to catch the offender.

(3)分词短语、由with或without引导的短语

【一般句式】The driver escaped and didn’t stop, he left the old man lying on the road.

【优秀句式】The driver escaped without stopping, leaving the old man lying on the road.

(4)倒装句

【一般句式】I went to bed at 11:30.

【优秀句式】Not until 11:30 did I go to bed.

(5)省略句

【一般句式】While you are crossing the street, you should be careful.

【优秀句式】While crossing the street, you should be careful.

9、改变句子的开头方式。不要一味地每个句子都是主语+谓语+宾语,最后再加一个状语。可以把状语置于句首,或用分词作状语等。这样既有某些部分的强调作用又能使文章呈现出灵活多变的句式从而使文章具有丰富的表现力。试比较:

【一般句式】My brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle the other day.

【优秀句式】The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle.

【一般句式】The young man couldn’t help crying when he heard the bad news.

【优秀句式】 Hearing the bad news, the young man couldn’t help crying.

【一般句式】 There stands an old temple at the top of the hill.

【优秀句式】 At the top of the hill there stands an old temple.

10、通过分句和合句,增强句子的连贯性和表现力。例如:

【一般句式】He stopped us an hour ago. He made us catch the next offender.

【优秀句式】He stopped us half an hour ago and made us catch the next offender.

【一般句式】We had a short rest. Then we began to play happily. We sang and danced.

【优秀句式】After a short rest, we had great fun singing and dancing.

11、多实少虚原则。原因很简单,写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西,不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词,少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说很好的时候,不应该只说nice这样空洞的词,应该使用一些诸如generous,humorous,interesting,smart,gentle,warm-hearted,hospital 之类的形象词。再比如:走出房间,一般性的词是:walk out of the room。但是小偷走出房间应该说:slip out of the room。小姐走出房间应该说:sail out of the room。小孩走出房间应该说:dance out of the room。 老人走出房间应该说:stagger out of the room。所以多用实词,少用虚词,文章将会大放异彩。

12、主题句原则。国有其君,家有其主,文章也要有其主题。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感。一些文章,故意把主题隐藏在文章之内,结果造成读者稀里糊涂,不知所云!所以一般要写一个主题句,放在文章的开头或者结尾,告诉读者你这篇文章主要想表达的观点或中心思想。当然每一个段落也应有自己的主题句,放在段落前、中、后某一位置。让读者一目了然,知道这一段落或这篇文章你主要想表达什么主题。例如:

to begin with,you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam(主题句)。 without sufficient preparation,you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.

另外,尽自己最大的可能使得第一自然段引人入胜,做到“语不惊人誓不休”。要想做到这一点,就要求学生要大量地阅读课外书籍,做到知识面宽泛,观点灵活,写技高超。

13、条理有序原则。领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点? 层次清晰,条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚,条理自然。破解方法很简单,只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。

1)first,second,third,last(不推荐,原因:太俗)

2)firstly,secondly,thirdly,finally(不推荐,原因:太俗)

3)the first,the second,the third,the last(不推荐,原因:太俗)

4)in the first place,in the second place,in the third place,lastly(不推荐,原因:太俗)

5)to begin with,then,furthermore,finally(强烈推荐)

6)to start with,next,in addition,finally(强烈推荐)

7)first and foremost,besides,last but not least(强烈推荐)

8)most important of all,moreover,finally

9)on the one hand,on the other hand(适用于两点的情况)

10)for one thing,for another thing(适用于两点的情况)

条理性是指要合理布局文章结构。首先,在文章思路、组织材料、叙述顺序等方面要有一定的条理性。例如:题目要求写一篇记述文,我们可以按照事情发展的先后顺序来写;若介绍某一场所,可按照空间顺序来安排行文顺序;若是一篇议论文,就应该按照所议论观点的顺序来安排结构。全文结构应注意首尾呼应,前后相联。其次,根据需要安排好段落,各段之间要层次分明,每一段落的开头和结尾也要重视,开头语往往是总起句,结尾往往是总结句。请看下面这篇高考英语书面表达范文:I will spend this summer holiday in the countryside. Although the city is modern and convenient, there are still some problems, such as air pollution, crowdedness and noise. In the countryside I can enjoy a comfortable and quiet life. There, the air is fresh and the water is clean. Trees are green and birds are singing. I can also go boating, fishing and swimming in the lake. What’s more, I can climb

the hills. All this will be interesting and good for my health. Above all, I can learn more about nature. So I want to go to the countryside for a change. I’m looking forward to the coming of my summer holiday.

开头语I will spend this summer holiday in the countryside是总起句。结尾So I want to go to the countryside for a change. I’m looking forward to the coming of my summer holiday是总结句。

14、时态一致、语法正确。毋庸置疑,时态是英语基础知识的重要范畴之一,也是区别于汉语的重要特点之一。而英语作文又是对学生综合能力的考核。因而,在作文中,必须加入时态的准确运用,才能使自己的观点和所叙述的情节更加精准。因为中文中没有时态的概念,中国学生极易在英语时态方面出现失误或忽略时态的运用,表现出时态前后不一致或使用错误,这将使所写的英语作文大打折扣。另外,英语里面有很多语法规则,如果你写的句子有语法错误,必然就会影响得分。例如,None can negative the importance of money.剖析:negative 系形容词,误作动词。应改为: None can deny the importance of money。The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution.(农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成了污染。) 剖析:显然,考生把obstacles“障碍”,“障碍物”误作substance“物质”了。另外“the increasing use (不断增加的使用)” 应改为“abusive use (滥用)”。改为:The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution.

15表达准确地道,努力遵从英语思维,尽量使句子带点“洋味”。准确性是要求写出语法正确的句子,包括时态、语态、用词和句法等,但是不少同学由于受汉语思维习惯的影响,在写作时不自觉地产生了不规范的表达。要做到准确、地道地表达文章,首先必须要牢记掌握一些常用句型或习惯表达,避免中文式英语,在实践中不断总结中英表达差异,养成用英语思维写作的习惯。例如:

我等待着你的到来。

【一般句式】I’m waiting for you to come.

【优秀句式】I’m looking forward to your arrival.

现在我详细地给你介绍屋子的情况。

【一般句式】Now I am going to introduce the room to you carefully.

【优秀句式】Now I am going to give you a detailed description of the room.

别担心,大胆试一试,你很快就会学会的。

【一般句式】Don't worry. Be bold and try it, and you'll learn it soon.

【优秀句式】Don't worry. Just go for it, and you'll get it soon.

谢谢你陪我玩。

【一般句式】Thank you for playing with us.

【优秀句式】Thank you for sharing the time with us.

正确牢记这些习惯用法,无疑可以增添句子表达的准确性,减少不必要的错误,从而提高书面表达的档次。

16、大胆使用高级词汇和高级结构。在英语作文中,高级词汇、词组和高级结构和句型的运用可帮助呈现写作者的英语水平。这就要求学生要在基础知识方面进行系统的学习。例如,使用prefer doing就比使用enjoy doing水平高,而使用enjoy doing又比使用like doing水平高。 由此可以看出,不同类型和不同水平的词组句型可表现出写作者不同的观点及英语水平。例如:

她的黑眼睛很迷人。

【一般句式】Her dark eyes are very beautiful.

体裁作文