英语作文体裁
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篇一:英语文章的体裁
根据不同文体的文章培养英语阅读能力 议论文 ,记叙文,应用文,新闻类文章,科普文,说明文 我们把英语阅读教学过程大致划分为五个步骤:
以阅读能力培养为主线,同时培养学生用英语进行思维和表达的能力,从整体入手感知文本,把握文章主旨与层次结构;然后把握词汇与语法知识,对文章作深入细致理解;最后再采用综合方法,达到整体全面地理解
1. 议论文的特点
议论文是作者对某个问题或某件事情进行分析、评论,表明自己的观点、立场、态度、看法和主张的一种文体。这类文章或从正面提出某种见解、主张,或是驳斥别人的错误观点。
1.归纳法,既从分析典型,即分析个别事物入手,找出事物的共同特点,然后得出结论。
2.演绎法,即从一般原理出发,对个别事物进行说明、分析,而后得出结论。
3. 对照法即对所有事实、方面进行对照,然后加以分析,得出结论。
4. 驳论法,即先列出错误的观点,然后加以逐条批驳,最后阐明自己的观点。
(二)记叙文
记叙文的几个要素
人物,时间,地点,发生的事件,再介绍怎样发展的,
最后是为什么是这样,通过文章升华出什么人生哲理,作者的意图是什么?
(三)应用文
应用文阅读属于信息性阅读,主要目的在于获取某方面的信息,其试题大多数是客观性较强的表层理解题,比较容易直接在文章中找到答案。多注意细节,如时间、地点、人物或数据等。
(四)科普文
科普类文章是英语考试阅读理解中必不可少的题材,以介绍某一科学现象居多。在高中英语教科书中,科普类文章占有大量的篇幅。
(五)说明文
说明文是客观的说明事物的一种文体,它以说明这种表达方式为主,按照一定的要求解说事物或事理的文章。
阅读说明文的方法
1. 下定义:有时为了突出事物的主要内容或主要问题,往往用简明扼要的话给对象一个说法,使读者对被说明的对象有明确的概念。
2. 举事例: 举出有代表性的恰当的例子,能够反映一般的情况,真切地说明事物特征。
3. 做比较 : 选择有外部或内部联系的事物进行比较,往往
能增强说明事物的效果。
4. 打比方: 适当运用比喻,能够增强说明的形象性和生动性。
5. 列数字: 通过阅读大量的说明文,学生总结归纳出常见的说明顺序:
1.空间顺序。空间顺序就是按照被说明对象的空间存在形式,或自上而下,或由前到后,或从外到里,或由某一中心点向四面扩散开去呈辐射式……按一定的顺序对事物作介绍。运用这种顺序,文中常会出现"东"、"西"、"南"、"北"、"里"、"外"、"左"、"右"等方位词。
2.时间顺序。这是指以时间的先后作为说明的一种顺序。
3.逻辑顺序。逻辑顺序是指按照事物内在的联系或人们认识事物的过程、规律来进行说明的一种顺序。
1.总分式。在说明事物或事理时,段落(层次)之间有一个总分关系,表现为由总到分、由分到总。
2.承接式。各层之间按照事物的发展过程,或者按时间、因果、条件等关系安排,前后相互承接。
3.递进式。后边在前边的基础上进一步说明,各层之间的关系是由浅入深。
篇二:高中英语作文四大体裁
英语写作四种体裁
一.如何写好英语记叙文
记叙文是以叙述、描写为主要表达手段来记人、叙事、写景、状物的一种文体。通常分为三类:1.记人物为主,以人物为中心,围绕这个人物来写一两件事。2.事件为主,以事件为中心,围绕中心事件,写一个或几个人。3.景状物为主。但是“人以事显,事由人生”,人和事是密不可分的。在一篇记叙文中,记人、写景、叙事往往是交织在一起的,但各有侧重。
在写记叙文时通常应遵循以下几点:1. 在下笔时先要定下内容和中心。定内容就是常说的选材,选材要注意一是新颖,二是真实。定中心时要注意一是明确,二是集中。2. 要交待要素,即时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、经过和结果。3. 要力求内容具体。4. 要根据文章的中心确定详略并且要得当。5.写作时要注意时态和人称。一般用第一人称写本人的经历和耳闻目睹的事情,用第三人称写他人经历的事情,记叙文所记的一般是过去发生的事情,所以原则上通常用过去时态来写。
An Unforgettable Night
At 10 o’clock last Saturday night I came out of the cinema. It was cold and the road was covered with snow.
Suddenly I saw a woman fall off her bike. She couldn’t get up. I ran to her at once and tried to help her to (转 载于:wWw.zW2.cn 爱作文 网)sit up. She said that her right leg was broken. I was worrying about when a young policeman came over. He called a taxi. I took her to a hospital and telephoned her family about the matter. As I saw the woman was well looked after, I said goodbye to her.
I felt happy I could help the woman and I also hope she will be soon getting well.
【评析】本文是一篇典型的三段文章,第一段介绍人物、时间及故事的背景;第二段写事件过程;
第三段写感受。全文结构紧凑,情节完整。
下面几幅画介绍的是星期一早晨发生在高中一年级教室内的一件事。请根据这几幅画的内容写一篇记叙文。
注意:1. 叙述须包含所有图画的内容,可以适当增加细节,使故事连贯;2. 词数100左右;3. 戴帽者为李明,另一个学生是王刚。
It was Monday. Li Ming was the first to come to the classroom. When he came to his seat, however, he found his bench was broken. Seeing there was nobody around, he decided to
change benches with Wang Gang, whose seat was just behind his, and so he did. After a while, Wang Gang came. When he saw the broken bench, he carried it out of the classroom. Wondering what he was going to do, Li Ming came out and found that he had begun to repair the broken bench. Li Ming’s face went red. He got a hammer and said to Wang Gang,“Let’s repair it together. ”
二.说明文写作
说明文宜用三段式:第一段主要介绍要说明的对象及说明的目的;第二段说明事物的主要特征或做事情的方法步骤;第三段进行总结概括。时态通常用一般现在时。写作时应遵循以下几个步骤:
一、仔细审题,明确说明对象,抓住要说明的事物或事理的主要特征。
二、说明顺序(时间、空间或逻辑)分层次进行说明,注意条理清晰。
三、说明方法,比如定义法、举例法、比较法和细节描述法等,不要遗漏主要内容。
四、根据说明顺序及内容确定过渡词和恰当的句型结构。文字应客观、简洁、明了,不要追求华丽和加入太多个人观点。
以下将就高考中常见的三种说明文类型进行具体的写作指导。
【如何进行方位说明】在介绍一个地点时,首先要抓住该地点的特征,通常建议考生采用以下两种说明顺序:1、选择中心坐标进行说明:在介绍规则排列的方位或有多个建筑物时,先选定中心坐标,然后再就其前后左右的其他建筑物进行说明。这样写作可以突出重点,语言也会非常紧凑。2、按照参观的顺序进行说明:介绍不规则排列的方位时,可以按照参观的顺序,选择好起点,然后逐一进行介绍。
Thank you for your last letter asking about our library. Here is some information about it.
Located between the garden and the teaching building, our school library situates in the center of the school and has beautiful surroundings. It has all kinds of books, magazines and newspapers providing us with all kinds of knowledge and the latest information. According to the rules, each student can borrow no more than 5 books at a time for at most 10 days, and it is open from 9 a.m. to 7 p.m every day except weekends, which makes it convenient for us students to read in it or to borrow books from it.
The school library is our favorite place after class. We enjoy reading in it.
点评:该生作文属于第五档(23分)。考生充分理解了题目要求,带着一种自豪的语气但又很客观准确地介绍了学校图书馆。写作内容覆盖了两幅图中所有要点,在说明第一幅图时采用了选择中心坐标法,在说明第二幅图时将图书馆规则和便于学生使用结合起来,逻辑非常清晰,全文结构紧凑。该考生对倒装句、定语从句使用熟练恰当,行文流畅。完全达到了预期的写作目的。
【如何说明做某事的具体方法】
说明如何做事情的作文属于事理性说明文。生活中这类文章有很多,也很实用,比如说明如何使用一件新产品、如何包饺子,如何学外语、如何查英语字典、如何上网查资料、如何保持身体健康、如何办理出国签证等。
要写好事理类说明文,首先要限制说明的事物和范围,根据题目要求抓住一点去写,拣主要内容去写,不要泛泛而谈、东拉西扯。其次,一定要注意在说明时条理清晰。写这类说明文通常按照逻辑顺序或时间顺序。先做什么,后做什么,为什么要这样做。
假设你校举办看图征文活动,题目为“How to Protect Our Eyesight”。请你用英语写一篇短文,指出图中所反映的现象,并从阅读时间、光线、眼睛保健及睡眠等方面,谈谈保护视力的具体方法。 注意:1.词数:不少于100词;2.可适当加入细节,以便使行文连贯。
参考词汇:近视 — short-sighted
How to Protect Our Eyesight
Nowadays, when you enter any middle school classroom, you can hardly find any student without glasses on their nose, as we can see from the picture above. How to protect our eye sight has become an important lesson that every teenagers should learn.
To begin with, students must set a limit to their reading time and guarantee enough sleep. Remember to take a break every now and then while reading. In addition, avoid reading in dim light which will do harm to the eyes. What’s more, it is also important to take eye-exercise and have a healthy diet.
If we can do what has been mentioned above, we can protect our eyesight and say farewell to glasses.
点评: 该文章为第五档文(23分)。该生准确地理解了题目要求,先说明图片内容,再根据提示说明保护视力的方法,内容完整,要点齐全。在说明事理的过程中注意了过渡词的使用,条理清晰。语言方面使用了祈使句,状语从句、主语从句和定语从句使用恰到好处。并且用了不少固定短语为文章增色,出色地完成了写作目的。
三. 议论文写作
议论文,大多有具体要点(即论点或论据)的限定,所以不需要旁征博引。但是,麻雀虽小,五脏俱全,一篇100来字的议论文,同样必须逻辑严密,结构清晰,语言洗练,必须论有中心,言而有据。
一、围绕中心论述,确保论述的内容直接为主题服务
二、应用修辞,增强说服力 ,简洁洗练,要言不烦
三、多用书面语,少用口头语 ,合理使用连接词
通知:多用将来时态,其中的注意事项,一般用祈使句来强调。语言要简洁明了,条理清晰,要求精确,特别是时间概念很重要,必须写得十分明确,不容丝毫含糊。
假如你是高三(2班班长,),你班要在5月4日即下星期六去庐山郊游。请你拟一份通知,准备向同学们宣读。内容包括:1、郊游日期:5月4日,下星期六;2、主要内容:攀登比赛、摄影等;3、早餐后8点坐校车出发,午餐自带,下午3点回校;4、欢迎全体同学参加。凡参加者先登记并交给班长5元钱。注意:通知词数约70—120。要求意思连贯。
An Outing to Lushan
An Announcement
Class, please be quiet. I am glad to tell you that we have decided to have an outing to Lushan next Saturday, May 4th. The expense is about five yuan. Those who wish to go should put down the names on this piece of paper and give the money to me. We will go by school bus which is to start after breakfast at 8:00 a. m. and come back to school at 3:00 p.m.. Remember to bring your lunch with you.
We’ll have a contest of climbing the hill and take photos there. All the students are welcome. That’s all. Thank you.
Monitor
Class 2 of Senior Grade 3
邀请信:包括:邀请的内容、原因、时间、地点,以及表示盼望对方出席。
求职信:第一段要清楚表明写这封信的原因,接下来介绍个人情况:年龄、性别、文化程度、工作经历、工作技能、个人专长等
感谢信:表达对别人关心、馈赠、支持和招待的感谢。要写得真挚,令收信人读后感到愉快和亲切。
篇三:高考英语各种题材体裁作文格式与范例
英语各种题材体裁作文格式与范例
高考英语书面表达练习——图表作文(格式与范例)
高考看图作文的体裁:
记叙文:要抓住记叙文的六要素:when, where, who, what, why, how. 即五个“W”和一个“H”。要注意人物与空间的关系,画面与画面的关系,要点与发挥的关系。
议论文:(见漫画作文)
说明文:(另见图表式作文)
常用句型:
1. One day / the other day / a couple of days ago / while he was…,he..
2. It was snowing /raining heavily on Monday /Sunday morning …when …
3. The picture sets me thinking deeply…
4. From the picture,we can see ….
5. It is really an unforgettable day …
6. As is shown / indicated in the picture, …
7. After seeing the picture ,I was greatly shocked by …
8. This is a funny and instructive picture. In the picture, a young man …
9. We can learn from the picture that …
10. The picture shows that…
11. This sight reminds me of something in my daily life….
例题展示1:(2004年广东)
假设你是下图的李华。请根据图画所提供的信息,写一篇英语作文,描述昨天晚上邻居看足球赛影响你学习的情况,并描写你随后与邻居交涉的过程(如:你向邻居提出要求,对方向你表示歉意等。)
注意:1. 词数:80—120
2. 可以编写对话或其它叙述方式描写你与邻居的交涉过程
One possible version:
Last night I was preparing for the coming examination when the noise from my neighbor interrupted me. The noise went on and on. It was so loudly that I could hardly pay attention to my study any longer. So I went to my neighbor’s house and said to him: “Excuse me, would you please turn down the TV? I’m preparing tomorrow’s examination.” Having heard these words, his face went red. And he said, “Ok, I’ll turn it down. Li Hua, I’m
very sorry to have made so much noise. Just now, the football was very wonderful. I was
too excited to control myself. I won’t do that again. Good luck in your coming examination. ” After that, I got down to my study.
议论文:
英语漫画作文,就是根据漫画所描述的内容,按照要求和提示写一篇英语短文。英语漫画作文常以讽刺画和幽默画为主,要求学生根据自己的认识水平,解读画面,展开想象,议论,揭示自己对生活的理解,使人受到教育。漫画作文多以叙述结合议论为主。
探究异同:
1. 与一般图画作文的区别:图画作文只是对图画内容进行描写,形成一篇符合逻辑,行文连贯的文章。
2. 与图画开放作文的区别:开放式作文根据图画内容围绕主题,从不同的角度立意,有相当大的自由发挥空间,可以自圆其说。
3. 漫画作文:漫画作文要通过对画面的描述,揭示画面所蕴含的实质,并与现实生活联系起来,从而打到讽刺或教育的目的。漫画作文所揭示的实质只有一个,抛开这一主题就是离题,这才是漫画作文的关键所在。
写作攻略:漫画作文写作主要通过三步完成:
第一步:认真观察,正确叙述画面内容。
画面的主体往往是人物。要仔细观察画面中人物的形体,相貌,表情,语言,动作
等,推测人物的思想面貌,尤其注意人物在干什么;还要观察周围环境,弄清事件发生的时间,地点以及和事件有关的情况,然后把这些信息连贯性地表达出来,使静止的画面“活动化”。平面的事物“立体化”。通常以记叙为主,用一般现在时态或一般过去时态,第三人称。
第二步:选点立意。
通过收集画面所提供的内容,去粗取精,揣摩画意,揭示实质,得出结论。
第三步:引发评论。
与现实生活联系,由此及彼地加以联想与引申,在画面意义的基础上联想到另一层新的内容,发表自己的看法,可以提出一些建议和办法。
第二和第三步没有明显界线。可以一气呵成,以议论为主。
常用句型;
1.开头:This is a picture about…/ In the picture we can see…/ From the picture it can
be seen that…/ Let’s look at the picture…
2.结尾段:It is not right that…/ If they do like that…/ We can draw a conclusion that…/
The story tells us that …/ It teaches us a lesson…
3.承接词汇及句型:in my opinion / in our daily life / nowadays / As the proverb says …/ I’m sure… / meanwhile / however / at the same time / but / so / as a result / Do you think so?...
4.另外,漫画作文在揭示实质后往往会有精彩的谚语,格言,成语等出现,给文章添彩不少。如:No pains, no gains. / All work and no play makes Jake a dull boy. / Dripping water wears through rock./ Constant effort brings success.(滴水能穿石,功到自然成)/Use “one stone” to kill “two birds”(一石击双鸟)
例题展示1:
简要描述图片,并谈谈你对学生在业余时间参加过多的补习和培训的看法。
(一) 内容要点:
1. 描述文字说明:
1) 学生被迫上很多补习班
2) 无兴趣可言
2. 议论文字说明:
1) 太多的补习班是浪费时间
2) 学习要有兴趣
3) 家长不要强迫孩子参加补习
4) 表达希望
(二)One possible version:
Looking at this picture,you will understand better “Too much work makes Jack a dull boy”. He has to go to so many training classes besides his school classes. Life is no fun at all for him. Holidays and weekends have become dull work-days. He is too tired to learn these lessons well with no interest.
In my opinion, spare-time training courses are a waste of time for many students. They might do better when they show interest in what they are learning. Please don’t force these students to do what they are not willing to, and when learning is fun, surely they will do better than we expect!
(三)文章结构和套语:
Looking at this picture, you will understand better “Too much work makes Jack a
dull boy”. He has to … besides his school classes. Life is …. … have become …. He is …In my opinion, … for many students. They might …when they … what they are learning. Please don’t …what they…, and when learning is fun, surely …
例题展示2:
根据图画内容,以“We Want Our Schoolbags Lighter”题,用英语写一篇100词左右的短文。短文须包括以下要点,不得逐条翻译。
1.简单描述漫画的内容;
2.作业负担过重;
3.精讲精练;
4.参加体育锻炼和社会活动。
We Want Our Schoolbags Lighter
The picture shows that a girl is wearing a pair of glasses and carrying a big heavy
schoolbag, and a woman is doing some exercise. The girl says to the woman, “If you carry the schoolbag for me, I’m sure you will lose some weight.”
As is well-known, we Chinese students are overburdened with lessons and
homework which our teachers have given us. All that we do every day is to listen to our
teachers’ lessons, to take notes and do our homework which seems endless.
We do hope our teachers will help us get more knowledge with fewer lectures, exercises and less homework. Only in this way will we have spare time to do more physical exercise and make us stronger, and we will have more spare time to take part in some social activities, which makes us all mentally and physically healthier.
例题展示3. 根据以下图画再结合你的想象,写出一篇100字左右的短文:
It is the old man’s birthday today. Now he is sitting on a sofa alone. Maybe his wife has been dead. On the right side is a big birthday cake sent by his son. And there are also some presents given by his daughter on the left. Yet the old man doesn’t feel happy. Instead, he looks very sad because he is lonely.
Our life is getting better and better than before. Some people think that old people will be satisfied as long as they have enough to eat and drink. I think they are quite wrong. Old people easily get lonely because they have no work to do. So we should spend as much time together with them as we can and take care of them in every possible way.
粗取精,真正做到正确分析和筛选有效信息。如99年的六幅画,通过恰当的分析和组合归纳出六个要点:1. 集合、出发;2. 到达;3. 参观;4. 野餐;5. 娱乐;6. 告别;三、表述语言表达尽管角度不同,形式多样,但所用的词句贴切得体、简洁明了、浅显易懂是它的特点。在语言表达上应掌握三个原则:遣词造句正确为先;上下行文流畅为好;通篇描述有文采则妙。(一)正确为先 所谓“正确为先”就是所写的每一句话应该符合英语语言的规范,做到没有英语词法和句法错误,尽量避免生硬翻译和汉语式的英语倾向。为此,应当做到:1.多用常用词。纵观近年来的看图作文题,所用动词都是英语中最为常用的熟
词。’98NMET: visit / go / show around / see / grow / have / tell / play / pass / know / say等;’99NMET: be / hear from / write / tell / take place / stand / plant / hope / come / see等;2000NMET: be / walk along / come out of / see / drive up / turn / hit / cross / fall / notice等;2002 NMET: take part in / set out / carry / be / climb / swim / push / find / get / lose / arrive / make / start / spend / learn / forget等。由此看来,学好常用动词及其短语的用法是提高书面表达能力的重要保证。2.多用简单句。简单句易于表达且结构清楚;从句型语法角度来看,易于把握;从词汇角度来看,词类和搭配中常见的错误也易于发现。信息密集的长句要分解成两个或两个以上的简单句。尤其对于写作能力不强的同学们而言,多用简单句可以尽量减少错误表达的出现。3.选用熟练句。英语的一句话可以有多种表达形式,即一句多译。在平时的学习过程中,就要进行多角度全方位的发散性思维训练,培养自己灵活运用语言的能力。如’97NMET中的第二个要点“在十字路口被两人拦住”就可以有以下不同的表达方式:1)When getting to the crossroads, we were stopped by a man and a girl. 2)At the crossroads, we were stopped by a young man and a lady. 3)When we reached (got to) the crossroads, a young man and a girl came up and stopped us.写作时要用自己最熟练、把握最大的“拿手句”,如果确有疑难,应“绕道而行”,改用近义句。没有把握的句子要尽量少写或不写,写不出的句子绝不要硬写,最忌不顾英语句型生搬硬套,甚至胡编乱造。(二)流畅为好评价一篇作文好坏的一条重要原则就是“上下文连贯”,让读者有一种“通篇流畅、一气呵成”的感觉。这就要有效地使用语句间的连接成分,使全文结构紧凑,行文连贯。为达此目的,要时刻注意
字数作文