雅思小作文类型

篇一：雅思小作文常见类型解析

雅思小作文常见类型解析

小作文一般都是图表作文，常见的几种主要类型有：表格图，曲线图，柱状图，饼状图和图画题五大类。一般来说，柱图和线图是每月常考的题型，有时候会有连考或者交替考的趋势。

饼图和表格题也是相对频率较高的题型。偶尔也会考综合题。图画题主要分为流程图和地图题，一般每季度轮换题库的时候会出现。不管考到哪种题型，其要求都是一致的，先要挑选重要数值并且在相关处作比较。

在雅思A类小作文图表题的写作当中，考生经常会碰到图表看懂了，但因数据比较凌乱，找不出很明显的特征，或者找到了很多特征，却不知道应该用什么样的思路来把图表当中的重要信息和规律特征有机自然的联系贯穿起来的情况。专家将从动态图表和静态图表的角度来详细分析小作文的解题思路。

一、动态图

有时间推移变化的图我们通常叫做动态图。曲线图都是动态图，但是对于表格图，饼图和柱图却有动态和静态之分。对于大多数的动态图我们都可以大致当作线图来处理。动态图重点在数字变化的表达上，利用主语句型的不同和衔接关联词来展开。写好动态图的基础是要准备好三个方面：

1. 解题思路

1). 表格题的动态题解题思路大致可以分为四步：①先相减(年份大的减小的);②后分类(上升一类，下降一类);③挑出极值(最大值);④挑选数值(倍数关系，变化明显的数值);

2). 线图的解题思路大致分为两种：第一种：①按整条线来写(可以把相同趋势的线放在一起，也可把相反趋势的线拿来做对比);②挑选重要信息(整体趋势，起点，重点，最高点，最低点);③整体作比较。第二种：①按时间区间来写(横轴对上去有共同拐点或交点的分为一段);②对比着写(强调交点，拐点，最高点，最低点);

3). 动态柱图解题思路：把各个柱子的顶点连起来就是几条线，所以按线图方式处理;

4). 动态饼图解题思路：把每种颜色看做一条线，可把相同相反的颜色放在一起写，很多时候也可以把占的比例最大的单独写一部分。

2. 基础替换词汇

1). 趋势词汇

上升动词类：increase, rise, grow, jump, surge, shoot up, soar下降动词类：decrease, decline, fall down, drop, sink, dip

波动动词类：fluctuate

持平动词类：remain the same, stabilize, remain stable, remain constant修饰动词的副词：slightly 轻微地，slowly 缓慢地，gradually 逐渐地，steadily 稳定地，rapidly 迅速地，moderately 温和地，轻微地，significantly 明显地，sharply 明显地，dramatically 急剧地，drastically 急剧地

上升名词类：increase, rise, growth, jump, surge

下降名词类：decrease, decline, fall, reduction, drop

波动名词类：fluctuation 修饰名词的形容词：slight, slow, gradual, steady, rapid, moderate, significant, sharp, dramatic, drastic

2). 极值类词汇和表达

最高点：reach the peak/top/highest point

Increase to the peak/top/highest point(所有上升类的动词都可以替换掉increase)

最低点：reach the bottom/lowest point

drop to the bottom/lowest point(所有下降类的动词都可以替换掉drop)占了：occupy/make up/take up/account for/represent/constitute

3). 倍数的表达方式

Double 是两倍/大一倍

Increase/decrease three times 增长/减少了三倍

4). 大约的表达方式

Approximately/About/around+数字

3. 常用的小作文的趋势句式表达

句式一：变化主体/图画中主体+趋势动词+副词+数值+时间区间

Eg: The number of aged people over 65 increased significantly from 1 million in 1940 to 1.2 million in 2000.

句式二：There be+形容词+表示趋势的名词+in+变化的主体+时间区间Eg: There was a significant increase in the number of aged people over 65 from 1 million in 1940 to 1.2million in 2000.

句式三：时间+see/experience/witness+ 表示趋势的名词+in+ 变化的主体+ 数值

Eg: The period from 1940 to 2000 saw an upward trend in the number of aged people over 65 from 1 million to 1.2 million.

句式四：表示趋势的名词+be+seen/experienced/witnessed+in+变化的主体+时间

Eg: An upward trend was seen in the number of aged people over 65 from 1 million in 1940 to 1.2million in 2000.

二、静态图

静态图常见的是柱图，饼图和表格题。静态图的写作思路相对比较多元化，重点在比较关系上，利用比较句式和排序方式来展开。我们主要也从以下几个角度来分析：

1. 解题思路

1). 表格题的静态题解题思路大致可以分为三步：①先分类(横向，纵向或者横竖交替);②挑出极值(最大值与最小值);③挑选剩余数值(倍数关系，两个数值，变化明显的数值);

2). 静态柱图解题思路：第一种：①按颜色来分类;②总体做比较。第二种：①按特征分(把有相同特征的分在一起);

3). 静态饼图解题思路：①若单个饼图不相关时，单个饼图分开写最后整体总结;②若是同一相关事物的比较也是按颜色特征先分类，后作比较。

2. 基础替换词汇

1). 占据：

take up / make up / occupy/ account for

Constitute / be the instrument of 致成物

2). 剩余事物：

the rest

the remainder

sth is in the charge of

due to/owing to/attributed/ascribed to/ for sth

60%= three-fifths/three out of five

5/6=five-sixths

a/the majority of = a large portion/ part/ share / proportion/ percentage>80% (93%)= a lion’s share/maximal proportion of

5%= a minority of, a tiny portion

37.8%= comparatively a majority of (<50%的最大值)

87%/76% = comparatively a minority of

3. 静态图表示数值方式句式表达

1). 多个事物的排列法一(饼图，柱形图，表格)

①A is the largest/smallest/longest...

②B is a close/far second with just+数字less.

或者：which is followed by B.

③Third comes C with only +数字

或者：C is close/far behind with +数字

或者：C takes third spot/place with +数字

④Following C comes D with +数字

⑤Finally/the rest is ,……

2). 多个事物的排列法二(饼图，柱形图，表格)

篇二：雅思写作小作文分类说明

小作文一般都是图表作文，常见的几种主要类型有：表格图，曲线图，柱状图，饼状图和图画题五大类。一般来说，柱图和线图是每月常考的题型，有时候会有连考或者交替考的趋势。饼图和表格题也是相对频率较高的题型。偶尔也会考综合题。图画题主要分为流程图和地图题，一般每季度轮换题库的时候会出现。不管考到哪种题型，其要求都是一致的，先要挑选重要数值并且在相关处作比较。

360教育集团介绍在雅思A类小作文图表题的写作当中，考生经常会碰到图表看懂了，但因数据比较凌乱，找不出很明显的特征，或者找到了很多特征，却不知道应该用什么样的思路来把图表当中的重要信息和规律特征有机自然的联系贯穿起来的情况。专家将从动态图表和静态图表的角度来详细分析小作文的解题思路。

一、动态图

有时间推移变化的图我们通常叫做动态图。曲线图都是动态图，但是对于表格图，饼图和柱图却有动态和静态之分。对于大多数的动态图我们都可以大致当作线图来处理。动态图重点在数字变化的表达上，利用主语句型的不同和衔接关联词来展开。写好动态图的基础是要准备好三个方面：

1. 解题思路

1). 表格题的动态题解题思路大致可以分为四步：①先相减(年份大的减小的);②后分类(上升一类，下降一类);③挑出极值(最大值);④挑选数值(倍数关系，变化明显的数值);

2). 线图的解题思路大致分为两种：第一种：①按整条线来写(可以把相同趋势的线放在一起，也可把相反趋势的线拿来做对比);②挑选重要信息(整体趋势，起点，重点，最高点，最低点);③整体作比较。第二种：①按时间区间来写(横轴对上去有共同拐点或交点的分为一段);②对比着写(强调交点，拐点，最高点，最低点);

3). 动态柱图解题思路：把各个柱子的顶点连起来就是几条线，所以按线图方式处理;

4). 动态饼图解题思路：把每种颜色看做一条线，可把相同相反的颜色放在一起写，很多时候也可以把占的比例最大的单独写一部分。

2. 基础替换词汇

1). 趋势词汇

上升动词类：increase, rise, grow, jump, surge, shoot up, soar

下降动词类：decrease, decline, fall down, drop, sink, dip

波动动词类：fluctuate

持平动词类：remain the same, stabilize, remain stable, remain constant

修饰动词的副词：slightly 轻微地，slowly 缓慢地，gradually逐渐地，steadily 稳定地，rapidly 迅速地，moderately 温和地，轻微地，significantly 明显地，sharply 明显地，dramatically 急剧地，drastically 急剧地

上升名词类：increase, rise, growth, jump, surge

下降名词类：decrease, decline, fall, reduction, drop

波动名词类：fluctuation

修饰名词的形容词：slight,slow, gradual, steady, rapid, moderate, significant, sharp, dramatic, drastic

2). 极值类词汇和表达

最高点：reach the peak/top/highest point

Increase to the peak/top/highest point(所有上升类的动词都可以替换掉increase)

最低点：reach the bottom/lowest point

drop to the bottom/lowest point(所有下降类的动词都可以替换掉drop)

占了：occupy/makeup/take up/account for/represent/constitute

3). 倍数的表达方式

Double 是两倍/大一倍

Increase/decreasethree times 增长/减少了三倍

4). 大约的表达方式

Approximately/About/around+数字

3. 常用的小作文的趋势句式表达

句式一：变化主体/图画中主体+趋势动词+副词+数值+时间区间

Eg: The number of aged people over 65 increased significantly from 1million in 1940 to 1.2 million in 2000.

句式二：There be+形容词+表示趋势的名词+in+变化的主体+时间区间

Eg: There was a significant increase in the number of aged peopleover 65 from 1 million in 1940 to 1.2million in 2000.

句式三：时间+see/experience/witness+ 表示趋势的名词+in+ 变化的主体+ 数值

Eg: The period from 1940 to 2000 saw an upward trend in the numberof aged people over 65 from 1 million to 1.2 million.

句式四：表示趋势的名词+be+seen/experienced/witnessed+in+变化的主体+时间

Eg: An upward trend was seen in the number of aged people over 65from 1 million in 1940 to

1.2million in 2000.

篇三：四种类型雅思小作文详解

第一篇 饼状图

写作要点：

1. 介绍各扇面及总体的关系

2. 各个扇面之间的比较，同类扇面在不同时间，不同地点的比较

3. 重点突出特色最明显的扇面：最大的，最小的，互相成倍的 描写句式:

1. It is clear that the most +adj. + 主题词 is A, which accounts for ___% of all 主题词.

2. B is the next largest + 主题词, ___% lower than A of all 主题词 and followed closely by C.

3. The above three items of 主题词 altogether take about ___%.

4. By contrast, D, E and F make the smallest percentage of total 主题词, which are ___%, ___% and ___% respectively.

模仿例句：In 1950, the urban population represented less than 13% of the total. It is now about 40% and is expected to reach 60% by 2030. (摘自BBC) 表示占据的动词或动词短语：

form; comprise; make up; occupy; constitute; cover; represent; account for; be shared by

倍数和比例的表达：

a quarter of ……; half of ……; a majority of ……

double (这三个词都可以做名词，动词和形容词); triple; quadruple … be twice as adj. as …… 例句：The dining-room is twice as big as the kitchen.

… more than ___ times as adj. as …… 例句：There are more than twice as many kangaroos as people in Australia.

He is more than three times as rich as I.

A has something in common with B

A shares some similarity with B

The difference between A and B lies in ……

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.

Y

ou should write at least 150 words.

model answer:

In this analysis we will examine three pie charts. The first one is headed ‘World Spending.’ The second is ‘World Population’ and the third is ‘Consumption of Resources.’

In the first chart we can see that people spend most of their income (24%) on food. In some countries this percentage would obviously be much higher. Transport and then housing are the next major expenses at 18% and 12% respectively. Only 6% of income is spent on clothing.

In the second chart entitled ‘World Population’, it is not surprising to find that 57% of people live in Asia. In fact China and India are two of the most populated countries in the world and they are both situated on this continent. Europe and the Americans account for nearly 30% of the total, whilst 10% of people live in Africa.

Finally, the third chart reveals that the USA and Europe consume a huge 60% of the world’s resource.

To sum up, the major expenditure is on food, the population figures are the highest for Asia and the major consumers are the USA and Europe. (182 words)

范文参考

The two graphs show that oil was the major energy source in the USA in both 1980 and 1990 and that coal, natural gas and hydroelectric power remained in much the same proportions. On the other hand, there was a dramatic rise in nuclear power, which doubled its percentage over the ten years.

Oil supplied the largest percentage of energy, although the percentage decreased from 42% in 1980 to 33% in 1990. Coal in 1990 was the second largest source of energy, increasing its proportion to 27% from 22% in the previous decade. Natural gas, the second largest source in 1980 at 26%, decreased its share very slightly to provide 25% of America’s energy ten years later. There was no change in the percentage supplied by hydroelectric power which remained at 5% of the total energy used. Nuclear power the greatest change: in 1990 it was 10%, twice that of the 1980s.

(152 words)

第二篇 曲线图

写作要点：

1．曲线图和柱状图都是动态图，解题的切入点在于描述趋势。

2．在第二段的开头部分对整个曲线进行一个阶段式的总分类，使写作层次清晰，同时也方便考官阅卷。接下来再分类描述每个阶段的specific trend，同时导入数据作为分类的依据。

3．趋势说明。即，对曲线的连续变化进行说明，如上升、下降、波动、持平。以时间为比较基础的应抓住“变化”：上升、下降、或是波动。题中对两个或两个以上的变量进行描述时应在此基础上进行比较，如变量多于两个应进行分类或有侧重的比较。

4．极点说明。即对图表中最高的、最低的点单独进行说明。不以时间为比较基础的应注意对极点的描述。

5．交点说明。即对图表当中多根曲线的交点进行对比说明。

6．不要不做任何说明就机械地导入数据，这不符合雅思的考试目的。 动词—九大运动趋势

1.表示向上：increase，rise，improve，grow，ascend，mount，aggrandize，go up，climb， take off， jump，shoot up暴涨，soar，rocket， skyrocket

2.表示上升后保持平稳：flatten out(下降或升高后变平)， level off 举例：人口上升后保持平稳：the number of population mounted and leveled off.

3.表示复苏（下降后再上升）：recover，bounce back

举例：人口下降后复苏：the number of population decreased and recovered.

4.表示下降：decrease，decline，descend，drop， fall，go down，come down，collapse， crash， fall off， slump， plummet， plunge， slide，shrink, dwindle, diminish

5.表示下降后保持平稳：bottom out，flatten out(下降或升高后变平) 举例：人口下降后保持平稳：the number of population decreased and bottomed out.

6.表示稳定或水平：remain steady/constant，stay stable, stabilize， stagnate，flatten out(下降或升高后变平)， level off， stay at the same level， be similar to， there is little／hardly any／no change 举例：表示人口数量保持平稳的时候可以写: the number of population stayed stable. /the number of population remained steady.

7.表示波动：fluctuate

8.表示在底部：reach a low point，bottom out，reach the bottom，reach the rock，hit a trough

9.表示在顶部：reach a peak，peak，top out，reach the highest point/ the top/ the summit/ the most，peak in/at，reach the zenith

举例：人口到达了顶峰：the number of population peaked/ reached its summit/ reached its zenith.

形容词和副词—变化程度

abrupt(ly)(突然)，sudden(ly)(突然)，dramatic(ally)(急剧)，drastic(ally)(急剧)，sharp(ly)(急剧)，quick(ly)(迅速)，rapid(ly)(迅速)，marked(ly)(显著)，significant

名词

line chart线图，curve diagram曲线图，horizontal axis横轴，vertical axis纵轴，plateau(上升后的稳定期)，record high历史高度，record low历史低点，trough (曲线上的)最小值，zenith(最高值), general trend，upward/downward tend

增加：an increase，a rise，a growth， an improvement， an upturn， a surge， an upsurge， an upward trend

下降：a fall， a decrease， a decline， a drop， a downturn， a downturn trend，low point，reduction

波动：fluctuation

介词

一. remain steady/ stay stable/ level off/ bottom out/ peak/reach its peak/ reach its zenith后面需要使用的是at.

举例: 1.人口在500万上保持平稳: The number of population remained steady at 5 million.

2. 人口在800万时到达了顶峰: The number of population peaked at 8 million.

3. 下降后，人口在400万保持平稳:After decreasing, the number of population bottomed out at 4 million.

4. 上升后，人口在700万保持平稳: After mounting, the number of population leveled off at 7 million.

二. 上升/下降后面使用to(到)和by(了)

举例:1. 人口下降到200万: number of population decreased to 2 million.

2. 人口下降了200万: number of population decreased by 2 million.

3. 人口上升到1000万: number of population increased to 10 million.

4. 人口上升了500万: number of population increased by 5 million.

三. recover的后面大家需要使用的是from

举例: 人口在200万时开始复苏: The number of population recovered from 2 million.

四. fluctuate的后面大家需要连接between ?and?

举例: 人口在20和100亿之间波动: The number of population fluctuated between 2 and 10 billion.

曲线图常用表达

开头概述常用表达

1) The line chart depicts the changes in the number of _____ over the period from 2000 to 2004．该曲线图描述了从2000年到2004年_____数量的变化。