英语非谓语动词用法求教我明白to do doing done 以及他们的变形的句子中充当的成分（像什么主语、宾语之类的）,但具体到句子中怎么用?尤其是to do 和doing分不清 讲解的时候尽量用语法角度来

英语非谓语动词用法求教我明白to do doing done 以及他们的变形的句子中充当的成分（像什么主语、宾语之类的）,但具体到句子中怎么用?尤其是to do 和doing分不清 讲解的时候尽量用语法角度来
英语非谓语动词用法求教
我明白to do doing done 以及他们的变形的句子中充当的成分（像什么主语、宾语之类的）,但具体到句子中怎么用?尤其是to do 和doing分不清 讲解的时候尽量用语法角度来讲解,

英语非谓语动词用法求教我明白to do doing done 以及他们的变形的句子中充当的成分（像什么主语、宾语之类的）,但具体到句子中怎么用?尤其是to do 和doing分不清 讲解的时候尽量用语法角度来
一、不定式与动名词做主语：
　　1、动名词做主语往往表示普通的、一般的行为,不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为.例如：
　　Collecting information about children’s health is his job. 收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作.
　　It’s necessary to discuss the problem with an experienced teacher. 与一位有经验的老师讨论这个问题是有必要的.
　　2、常用不定式做主语的句型有：
　　（1）It’s difficult (important, necessary) for sb. to do
　　（2）It’s kind (good, friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever, foolish, brave) of sb. to do.
　　3、常用动名词做主语的句型有：
　　It’s no good (use, fun) doing.
　　It’s (a) waste of time one’s doing.
　　It’s worth while doing.
　　二、不定式、动名词、分词做表语：
　　1、不定式做表语常表示谓语动词所表示动作之后发生的动作.
　　His teaching aim of this class is to train the students’ speaking ability. 他这节课的教学目的是要训练学生说的能力.
　　2、动名词做表语是对主语内容的解释,这时主语与表语位置可以互换,动名词常用于口语中.
　　Its full-time job is laying eggs. 它的（指蚁后）的专职工作是产卵.
　　3、现在分词做表语表示主语的性质与特征；进行时表示正在进行的动作.
　　The task of this class is practising the idioms. （现在分词做表语）
　　With the help of the teacher, the students are practising the idioms. （现在进行时）
　　4、常用作表语的现在分词有：interesting, amusing, disappointing, missing, puzzling, 　　exciting, inspiring, following等.现在分词表示进行与主动.
　　The joke is amusing .这笑话很逗人.
　　The problem is puzzling. 这个问题令人不解.
　　5、过去分词作表语表示主语所处的被动状态或完成某动作的状态.而被动语态表示主语所承受的动作.
　　The village is surrounded by high mountains.（过去分词做表语）
　　The enemy was surrounded by the Red Army.（被动语态）
　　He is well educated.（过去分词做表语）
　　He has been educated in this college for three years.（被动语态）
　　常用在句中做表语的过去分词有：
　　used, closed, covered, interested, followed, satisfied, surrounded, done, lost, decided, prepared, saved, shut, won, completed, crowded, dressed, wasted, broken, married, unexpected等.
　　6、注意如下动词的现在分词与过去分词用法不同：
　　interest（使…感兴趣）,surprise（使…吃惊）,frighten（使…害怕）,excite（使…兴奋）,tire（使…疲劳）,please（使…满意）,puzzle（使…迷惑不解）,satisfy（使…满意）,amuse（使…娱乐）,disappoint（使…失望）,inspire（使…欢欣鼓舞）,worry（使…忧虑）
　　它们的现在分词常修饰物（有时修饰人）,表示主动,过去分词常修饰人,表示被动（包括某人的look、voice等）.例如：
　　Climbing is tiring. 爬山很累人.
　　They are very tired. 他们很疲劳
　　After hearing the exciting news, he gave a speech in an excited voice.
　　三、不定式与动名词做宾语：
　　1、下列动词跟不定式做宾语：
　　want, wish, hope, expect, ask, pretend, care, decide, happen, long, offer, refuse, fail, plan, prepare, order, cause, afford, beg, manage, agree, promise等.
　　2、在下列动词或动词短语后用动名词做宾语：
　　enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid, excuse, delay, imagine, keep, miss, appreciate, be busy, be worth, feel like, can’t stand, can’t help, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from), keep…from, stop…(from), protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on等.
　　3、在forget, remember, stop, regret, try, mean等动词后跟不定式与动名词意义不同,不定式表示谓语动词之后的动作,而动名词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前,常用一般式doing代替完成式having done.
　　He forgot to tell me to post the letter.（他忘了叫我发信.）
　　I shall never forget finding that rare stamp on an ordinary envelope. 我永远也忘不了在一个普通信封上发现了那枚珍贵的邮票.
　　Remember to write to us when you get there. 到那里,记得给我们写信.
　　I don’t remember meeting him. 我不记得见过他.
　　I regret to tell you that I can’t go to your birth-day party. 我很遗憾告诉你我不能去参加你的生日晚会了.
　　They regretted agreeing to the plan. 他们后悔同意这个计划.
　　He tried to pretend to share in the pleasure with his friend. 他尽力假装与朋友分享欢乐.
　　She tried reading a novel, but that couldn’t make her forget her sorrow. 她试着看看小说,但也不能使她忘记伤心事.
　　I didn’t mean to hurt you. 我没有企图伤害你.
　　A friend indeed means helping others for nothing in return. 真正的朋友意指不图回报地帮助别人.
　　4、动名词作need, want, require, be worth的宾语时,用主动式代替被动式.
　　The washing-machine needs repairing.（或用：needs to be repaired）这台洗衣机需要修理.
　　The point wants referring to. 这一点要提到.
　　This English novel is worth reading. 这本英文小说值得一读.
　　The situation in Russian required studying. 俄国形式需要研究.
　　四、不定式与分词在句中做宾语补足语：
　　1、以下动词后跟不定式做宾语补足语：
　　ask, tell, beg, allow, want, like, hate, force, invite, persuade, advise, order, cause, encourage, wait for, call on, permit, forbid
　　The doctor advised him to stay in bed for another few days. 医生嘱咐他再卧床休息几天.
　　We wish him to remain and accept the post. 我们希望他留下来接受这个职位.（注意hope后不跟不定式做宾补.）
　　2、有些动词后的复合宾语用不带“to“的不定式,这些动词有：see, watch, notice, hear, feel, make, let, have等.例如：
　　We noticed him enter the house. 我们留意到他进了那所房子.
　　The boss made them work twelve hours a day. 老板让他们一天干12小时工作.
注意当make、have不做“迫使、让”讲,而做“制造、有”解时,跟带有to的不定式做状语.
　　Mother made a cake to celebrate his birthday. 妈妈做了一个蛋糕给他庆贺生日.
　　He had a meeting to attend. 他有个会要开.
　　3、下列动词后的复合宾语用分词做宾补：see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, make, set, have, leave, keep, find等.用现在分词还是用过去分词做宾补,要看分词与宾语的关系.例：
　　We heard him singing the song when we came in. 当我们进来的时候,听见他正唱那首歌.
　　We have heard the song sung twice. 我们听过这首歌唱过两遍了.
　　五、非谓语动词做定语：
　　1、不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词后,表示在谓语动词之后发生的动作或过去的某一特定动作.例如：
　　He had no house to live in but a lot of work to do. 他没有房子住却有好多活要干.
　　Our monitor is the first to arrive. 我们班长是第一个到的.
　　2、动名词与现在分词做定语的区别：
　　动名词做定语说明所修饰名词的用途；现在分词做定语,表示所修饰名词进行的动作.
　　a walking stick 拐杖（动名词做定语,意为a stick for walking）
　　a sleeping car 卧铺车厢（动名词做定语,意为a car for sleeping）
　　the rising sun 正在升起的太阳（现在分词做定语,意为the sun which was rising）
　　the changing world 变化中的世界（现在分词做定语,意为the world which is changing）
　　3、现在分词与过去分词做定语的区别：过去分词做定语表示完成或被动的动作,现在分词做定语表示主动或进行的动作.如：
　　a piece of disappointing news 使人失望的消息（意同a piece of news which disappointed us）
　　in the following years 在后来的几年中（意同in the years that followed）
　　a well dressed woman 衣着讲究的女士（意同a woman who is dressed well）
　　a car parked at the gate 停在门口的小汽车（意同a car which was parked at the gate）
　　六、不定式与分词做状语：
　　1、不定式做状语,只表示目的、结果或原因：
　　He hurried home only to find his money stolen. 他匆忙赶到家中,发现钱被盗了.（结果状语）
　　To make himself heard, he raised his voice. 为了被听清楚,他提高了嗓门.（目的状语）
　　All of us are surprised to see his rapid progress. 看到他的进步,我们都很吃惊.(原因状语)
　　2、分词做状语可表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、让步、方式：
　　Seen from the top of the hill, the town is beautiful. 从山上看,这座城市很美.（条件状语）
　　Coming into the room, he found his father angry. 当走进房间时,他发现父亲生气了.（时间状语）
　　Being tired, they went on working. 虽然累了,但他们继续工作.（让步状语）
　　Having been hit by the big boy on the nose, the little boy began to cry. 由于被大孩子打了鼻子,那个小男孩哭了.（原因状语）
　　He put a finger in his mouth, tasted it and smiled, looking rather pleased. 他把一个手指放进嘴里,尝了尝,笑了,看起来挺高兴.（伴随状语）

记住
1
to do
不定式 表示 将来发生，要做的事情
doing
正在发生进行的
done
是被动完成
例子
I have something (to do this evening).
（今天晚上）我有些事情要做。（我还没有做）
The boy (sitting by the window )is T...

全部展开

记住
1
to do
不定式 表示 将来发生，要做的事情
doing
正在发生进行的
done
是被动完成
例子
I have something (to do this evening).
（今天晚上）我有些事情要做。（我还没有做）
The boy (sitting by the window )is Tom.
那个男孩正坐在窗边
Faced with such a difficult problem, he didn't know what to do
主语he 被面对复杂的问题
所以用 faced

收起

非谓语动词
在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式、动名词和分词（分词包括现在分词和过去分词）
不定式
不定式的作用
作主语 不定式作主语时，谓语用单数。往往用it 作形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。如：
It took us two hours to finish the job.
It is im...

全部展开

非谓语动词
在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式、动名词和分词（分词包括现在分词和过去分词）
不定式
不定式的作用
作主语 不定式作主语时，谓语用单数。往往用it 作形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。如：
It took us two hours to finish the job.
It is impossible for us to get there on time.
It is very kind of you to help us.
注意：（1）其他系动词如look, appear等也可用于此句型。
（2）当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is …to…的句型。试比较：
It is to negate my own idea to believe him.（错）
To believe him is to negate my own idea .（对）
（3）It is+ adj. of / for sb. to do sth. 结构中，当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时，用of, 否则用 for.
作宾语
动词+不定式。如：
He managed to escape from the fire.
I find it hard to get along with him.（it 作形式宾语）
注：下列动词通常用不定式作宾语：want, try, hope, wish, need, forget, know, promise, refuse, help, decide, begin, start, learn, agree, choose, get等
动词+疑问词+to , “特殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词，作宾语。如：
I don’t know what to do next/ how to do it next.
I can’t decide when to go there.
注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后，用it 作形式宾语。如：
I find it necessary to learn a foreign language.
作宾语补足语
动词+宾语+不定式（to do ）。如：
He warned me to be careful.
I want you to speak to Tom.
What makes you think so?（不带to的不定式）
 注：可以用动词不定式做宾补的动词有：ask, tell, order ,want ,get, would like, like, advise, invite, allow, help, wish,warn, expect, prefer, encourage
表见解、看法的动词结构可为：动词+宾语+ to be 的不定式结构。如：
We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.
The book is believed to be useful.（被动语态）
(3) There +不定式。如：
We didn’t expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。
注意：（1）有些动词需用 as 短语作补语，像regard, think, believe, take, consider。如：
We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。
Mary took him as her father. 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。
（2）在动词feel （一感），hear, listen to（二听），have, let, make（三让），notice, see, watch, observe, look at（五看）(即：吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，但变为被动语态后，必须带to。如：
They saw the boy fall off the tree. The boy was seen to fall off the tree.
(3)help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to.
I often help him （to）clean the room.
I helped him (to) find his things.
作定语
不定式作定语，修饰名词或代词，不定式和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系、动状关系、同位关系或动宾关系。不定式通常要放在这些被修饰的词后。如：
I have a lot of work to do.（动宾关系）
He is looking for a room to live in.（动状关系）
He is the first person to think of the idea.（主谓关系）
He has got a chance to go abroad.（同位关系）
注意：1.不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时，不定式用主动形式表被动。如：
Do you have anything else to say?
2.如果作定语的不定式是一个短语，则要保留不定时短语中的副词或介词。如：
I need a pen to write with . (I will wirte with the pen ) (我需要一直钢笔写字)
I have a little baby to look after .(I must look after the little baby ) (我有一个婴儿要照看)
作状语，表示目的、结果、原因等，有时还有一些固定搭配的不定式短语，如in order to , so as to, so…as to, such …as to, ….enough to, too…to等。
做目的状语，to, only to （仅仅为了）, in order to, so as to, so(such)….as to…（如此···以便···）如：
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。
He came to the school to see his son.
作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。如：
He hurried to the post office only to find it was closed.
He searched the room only to find nothing.
做原因状语。如：
We were very excited to hear the news.
I’m glad to see you.
做条件状语。如：
To turn to the left , you could find a post office.
作表语
不定式可放在be动词后面，构成表语。如：
The question is how to put it into practice.
My question is when to leave.
His dream is to be a doctor.
Her work is to look after the babies.
注意：1.不定式在句中作表语时，对应的谓语动词用单数。
2.当助于是不定式时，表语不能用Ving形式，可用不定式。
如：To see is to believe. （眼见为实）
独立结构。如：
To tell you the truth, I don’t agree with you.
To make matters worse, it began to rain.
不定式的时态和语态
不定式的时态
现在时：有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。如：
He seems to know this. I hope to see you again.
完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。如：
I’m sorry to have given you so much trouble.
He seems to have caught a cold.
进行时：表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。如：
He seems to be eating something.
完成进行时：表示动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并有可能持续下去。如：
She is known to have been working on the problem for many years.
不定式的语态
当不定式的逻辑主语是其动作的承受者时，就用被动式。如：
He was seen to enter the hall. He asked to be sent to work in Tibet.
省to 的动词不定式
情态动词（除ought 外，ought to）
Would rather, had better.
感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice, observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel 等后作宾补，省略 to.
注意：在被动语态中 to 不能省略掉。如：
I saw him dance. He was seen to dance. The boss made them work the whole night.
They were made to work the whole night.
使役动词 let, have, make.
由 and, or 和 than 连接的两个不定式，第二个 to 可以省去。如：He wants to move to France and marry the girl.
Help 可带 to ,也可不带to, help sb. (to) do sth.
Why…/Why not…
But 和 except 前是动词 do 时，后面出现的动词用不带 to 的动词不定式。试比较： He wants to do nothing but go out.
 He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.
通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand 等词后，可以省去 to be .如：
He is supposed (to be) nice. 他应该是个好人。
——I usually go there by train.
——Why not ______ by boat for a change?
A to try going B trying to go C to try and go D try going
Paul doesn’t have to be made ______ . He always works hard.
A learn B to learn C learned D learning
四、 动词不定式的否定式。如：Tell him not to shut the window. She pretended not to see me when I passed by.
Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ______ after drinking.
A never to drive B to never drive C never driving D never drive
The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ______.
A not to B not to do C not do it D do not do
The patient was warned ______ food before the operation.
A to eat no B eating not C not to eat D not eating
动名词（动名词具有动词和名词的特征，在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语）
动名词的作用
作主语
谓语用单数。It代替动名词作主语，常用于如下结构：
It’s no good/use doing···如：
Seeing is believing.
Playing with fire is dangerous.
It’s no good waiting here.
作宾语
I enjoy listening to music.
He often practices playing the piano in the evening.
He is fond of playing basketball.
He has given up smoking.
Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?
只能接动名词作宾语的动词：
admit，advise建议，risk，appreciate，envy嫉妒，avoid避免，
consider考虑，delay延迟，deny否认，dislike不喜欢，enjoy，escape逃避，excuse原谅、宽恕，
finish完成，forgive原谅，understand理解，give up放弃，imagine想象，keep保持，mind介意、在乎，miss未达到，practise训练，put off推迟，resist抵抗，suggest建议、暗示
can’t help 禁不住，can’t stand无法忍受，devote to(to为介词)致力于···，look forward to 期望、盼望，
stick to坚持，be used to习惯于，object to反对，be busy忙于···，fee like想要···
be surprised at 对……感到惊讶 be proud of 以……为骄傲 succeed in 在某方面成功
be afraid of害怕 give up 放弃
只能接不定式作宾语的动词：
happen 碰巧，offer 主动提出，promise 答应，agree 同意，refuse拒绝，decide 决定，
determine 决定、决心，pretend 假装，fail 未能够，learn，wish希望，hope，expect，afford 负担得起。
接动名词、不定式均可，意义相同的动词：like，love，dislike，hate，begin，star，continue，prefer，
can’t bear/endure 无法忍受，cease停止
下列词接动名词和不定式均可，但意义不同的动词：forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等
Stop to do 停下来去做 stop doing 停止做
Forget to do 忘记要做 forget doing 忘记做过
Remember to do 记得要做 remember doing 记得做过
Regret to do 遗憾要做 regret doing 后悔做过
Try to do 企图做，尽力做 try doing 试着做
Go on to do 继续做（另一件事） go on doing 继续做（同一件事）
Mean to do 打算做 mean doing 意味做
In some parts of London, missing a bus means _______ for another hour.
A waiting B to waiting C wait D to be waiting答案：A
Need, require, want作“需要”讲，其后用动名词的主动式表示被动意义，be worth也有类似用法。如：
The flowers need watering/to be watered.
The problem is worth discussing.
作表语
此时的动名词可以和主语调换位置。如：
My hobby is collecting stamps.
Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the child.
作定语
动名词作定语，一般表示用途。如：
a waiting room，a diving board，a reading room，a dining hall

收起