求英语从句及其分析

求英语从句及其分析
求英语从句及其分析

求英语从句及其分析
什麼是定语从句
在句中起定语作用,修饰某一名词或代词,或修饰整个主句的从句,叫做定语从句(The Attributive Clause).被定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词(Antecedent).定语从句通常跟在先行词之后,由关系词(Relatives)引出.因此,定语从句又可称为关系分句.
关系词
关系词可分为：
(1)关系代词 e.g.:that,which,who,whom,whose etc.
(2)关系副词 e.g.:when,where,why etc.
关系词既起著联系从句与主句的作用,又代替先行词在从句中担任一定的语法成分.如主句,宾语,定语,状语等.
e.g.:
The woman who is standing by the classroom is our Chinese teacher.
在此句中,the woman是先行词;关系代词who引导定语从句,同时代替先行词在从句中担任主语.
This is the room where Bin Ladin once lived.
在此句中,the room是先行词;关系副词where引导定语从句并在从句中担任地点状语.
关系代词引导定语从句
Who:代替人.
做主语:
The girl who plays the piano very well is his girlfriend.
做表语:
She is no longer the woman who she used to be.
做宾语:
I can't remember the man who I gave the key to.
Whom:代替人.
做动词宾语:
Where is the student whom Professor Nirth praised at the meeting.
做介词宾语:
The girl with whom he was traveling is his girlfriend.
注：在「介词提前」即「介词+关系代词」结构出现时,关系代词只能用 whom 和 which .
Whose(=of whom/Which):
代替人(做从句中某名词的定语):
She is looking after the little child whose parents have gone to Singapore.
代替物(做从句中某名词的定语):
He lived in the room whose windows face south.
That:
代替人:
做主语:
The man that is speaking at the meeting is a famous scientist.
做宾语:
Is this the teacher that you talked about yesterday.
做表语:
She is no longer the girl that she was in her childhood.
代替物:
做主语:
The train that has just left is for Beijing.
做宾语:
Is this the photo that you took last summer?
做表语:
I wish my home town was not a polluted place that you think it to be.
Which:代替物.
做主语:
The building which stands near the train station is a company.
做宾语:
The computer which she wanted to buy was sold out.
做表语:
She was fond of dancing,which her husband never was.
关系副词引导宾语从句
关系副词在意义上常常相当与一个"prep.+which"的结构.
When(=at,on,in,during + which):代替时间名词.做时间状语:
I shall never forget the day when(on which) we moved into our new flat.
Where(=in,at + which):代替地点名词.做时间状语:
This is the place where(at which) John parks his car.
Why(=for which):代替指代原因.做原因状语:
She didn't know the reason why(for which) she was dismissed.

主要是宾语从句和状语从句，如果说考的稍微难一些的话就是定语从句以及名词性从句，一般考的话后两者的难度不会很大。
宾语从句在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语，从句放在主句之后，前后不用逗号分开。
宾语从句：
引导宾语从句的词有：
连词that(在口语中that常可省略)，if, whether,如：
He knows that Jim will work hard....

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主要是宾语从句和状语从句，如果说考的稍微难一些的话就是定语从句以及名词性从句，一般考的话后两者的难度不会很大。
宾语从句在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语，从句放在主句之后，前后不用逗号分开。
宾语从句：
引导宾语从句的词有：
连词that(在口语中that常可省略)，if, whether,如：
He knows that Jim will work hard.
连接代词who, whom, which等，如：
Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?
连接副词when, where, how, why等，如：Could you tell me how we can get to the station?
3.whether和if都有“是否”的意思，一般情况下两者可以换用，但在介词之后，
不定式之前，与or not连用，在句首或在引导表语从句，同位语从句时，只能用whether,如：I want to know if/whether the news is true. He doesn't know whether to stay or not?
4.宾语从句要用陈述句语序。
5.宾语从句一定要注意时态呼应，即：当主句谓语动词是过去式时，从句中谓语动
词也要用过去范畴的时态，但若从句陈述的是真理或客观规律，其谓语的时态仍用一般现在时，如：
He asked who could answer the question.
My father told me that the earth goes around the sun.
6.一个宾语从句只能用一个连词。
7.当主句谓语动词是think, believe等动词时，宾语从句的否定意义要放到主句中。另外，当主句主语为第一人称时，后面若接附加疑问句，那么附加疑问句的主语、谓语应与从句中的主谓语保持一致。如：
I don't think he looks like his father, does he?
8.直接引语和间接引语也是宾语从句，直接引语是引述别人的原话，放在引号内，
不用连词联接；间接引语是用自己的话转述别人的话，通常用连接词与主句联接。
(1)陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句，如：
He said,“I'm happy.”[FY()[FY]]He said that he was happy.
(2)一般疑问句变为if(whether)引导的宾语从句，如：
He asked me,“Does his father know Mr Green?”
---He asked me if his father knew Mr Green.
(3)特殊疑问句变为由who, what, where, how等疑问词(连接代词或连接副词)引导的宾语从句，如：
He asked me,“Where is Mr Wang?”
---He asked me where Mr Wang was.
注意上述例句中连词、时态、语序等变化。

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