急求有关信用证欺诈的英文文献

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急求有关信用证欺诈的英文文献
急求有关信用证欺诈的英文文献

急求有关信用证欺诈的英文文献
Letters of credit fraud exception to the principle of letters of credit fraud legal relief.In common law,the United States take the lead in the principle of statutory law,for other countries to establish a sound system with the single letter of credit provided a good model from the British courts in recent years in the case of letters of credit fraud,bank fraud exception to a clear position Terms of the applicable one of the factors to consider,in practice the principle of the application has removed some obstacles.Letters of credit fraud exception to the principle of independence of the principle of additional letters of credit,but also with its own principle of the independence conflict.Through the "substantial fraud" to define and determine the application of the principle of conditions,can make these two principles in the letter of credit mechanism was in the balance.
信用证欺诈例外原则是对信用证欺诈行为的法律救济.在英美法系,美国率先将该原则成文法化,为其他国家建立健全跟单信用证体系提供了良好的借鉴模式;英国法庭近年来在信用证诈骗案件审理中,将银行的地位明确为欺诈例外条款适用的考虑因素之一,也为该原则在实践中的适用扫清了一定的障碍.信用证欺诈例外原则是对信用证独立性原则的补充,但其本身又与独立性原则产生冲突.通过对“实质性欺诈”进行定义并确定该原则的前提性适用条件,能够使这两项原则在信用证机制中获得平衡.