省略句的用法详细说明.(English)

省略句的用法详细说明.(English)
省略句的用法详细说明.(English)

省略句的用法详细说明.(English)
在英语中,为了避免重复,句子中的某些部分经常省略,却给理解增加了困难.在近几年的高考试题中,省略现象也十分常见,其基本要点总结如下：
一、并列句中某些相同成分的省略.
This beeper works well,but that one doesn't (work well).
这个寻呼机工作正常,但那个就不行.
I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school.
我读大学,我妹妹读高中.
二、在when,while,if,as if,though,until,once,whether,unless等连接的状语从句中,常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词.
When (I am) in trouble I always turn to her for help.
当我有困难时总是找她帮助.
The letter is to be left here until (it is) called for.这封信留在这里待领.
三、有形式主语it的主语从句可省略that.
It is an honor (that) I was invited to your birthday party.
我很荣幸被邀请参加你的生日聚会.
It is the third time (that)I have come to China.这是我第三次来中国.
四、在限制性定语从句中可省略作宾语的关系代词whom,which,that.
That is the naughty boy (whom/that) we talked about last week.
他就是我们上周议论的那个淘气男孩.
Is this the radio (that/which) you bought last Saturday?
这是你上周六买的收音机吗?
五、在direction(方向),way(方式),distance(距离),time(时间),times(倍数)等后面所接的定语从句中常省略that,which,in which.
The direction (in which) we move a body can be changed.
我们移动物体的方向是可以改变的.
The distance (which或that)light travels in one second is 300,000 kilometers.
光每秒走的距离是30万公里.
六、命令句、惊叹句、部分第一人称的陈述句、部分问句和答句中省略最为常见.
Open the door!开门!
Why not?为什么不?
Why so?为什么这样?
Anybody wishing to go?谁愿意去啊?
七、用so,not或其它手段来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子.
— Can Emily do this work?埃米莉能做这项工作吗?
— I think so.我想她行.
— Did you know anything about it?这件事你以前知道吗?
— Not until you told me.你告诉了我,我才知道.
八、在特定的上下文里,为了避免重复,作谓语、宾语或宾语补足语的不定式再次出现时,to后的内容常承前省略,只保留不定式符号 “to”.
I don't go swimming now but I used to.
我现在不去游泳但我过去常去(游泳).
You can't work alone in the lab unless you are allowed to.
除非得到允许,你不能单独在实验室工作.
注意：不定式to之后的动词是be或助动词have时,要保留to后的be 或have.如：
China is no longer what it used to be.中国已今非昔比.
— Have you told Allen about the concert?你告诉艾伦音乐会的情况了吗?
— Sorry,but I ought to have.对不起,我本应该(告诉她的).
九、新闻标题要求简练醒目,需根据上下文的语境推敲其省略部分.
Boy 14,rescued from cliff face.(A boy of 14 has been rescued from cliff face.)
从峭壁上救下14岁的男孩.
American President to fly to London.(American President is to fly to London.)
美国总统将飞往伦敦.
十、注意在一些固定短语中某些介词的省略.
They are (of) the same age.他们年龄相同.
There is no use (in) explaining it to her any more.
再向她解释这件事是无用的.
单元交际功能
表示焦虑和担心
How terrible!
太可怕了!
It makes me feel worried.
这让我感到很着急.
It makes my hair stand on end.
这令我毛骨悚然.
It makes me feel uneasy when I see her.
看到她使我感到不自在.
It's a frightening thing to kill so many miners in the accident.
那么多矿工在事故中遇难身亡,真是太可怕了.
I'm really frightened to death to see the snake.
看到蛇我吓得半死.
He got into a total panic when he saw the drowning child.
看到孩子溺水他慌作一团.
I dare not go out alone at night.
晚上我不敢一个人外出.
What's really scary is that the hurricane has caused so many losses.
真正令人恐惧的是飓风造成这么大的损失