英语中,单词复数哪类加s?哪类加es?哪类没有复数?哪类复数就是它本身?
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英语中,单词复数哪类加s?哪类加es?哪类没有复数?哪类复数就是它本身?
英语中,单词复数哪类加s?哪类加es?哪类没有复数?哪类复数就是它本身?
英语中,单词复数哪类加s?哪类加es?哪类没有复数?哪类复数就是它本身?
一、名词复数的规则变化
1)一般情况加s.
eg:map-maps bag-bags car-cars
2)以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词加es.
eg:bus-buses watch-watches
3)以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾的词加s
eg:license-licenses
4)以辅音字母+y 结尾的词变y 为i再加es
eg:baby---babies
二、名词复数的不规则变化
1)child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth
mouse---mice man---men woman---women
注意:与 man 和 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women.
2)单复同形
eg:deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese
li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin
但除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式.如:
a dollar,two dollars; a meter,two meters
3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数.
eg:people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说
a person,a policeman,a head of cattle,the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用.
eg:The Chinese are industries and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的.
4)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:
a.maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数.
b.news 是不可数名词.
c.the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数.
The United Nations was organized in 1945.联合国是1945年组建起来的.
d.以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数.
"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book.
是一本非常有趣的故事书.
5) 表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses (眼镜) trousers,clothes
若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers
6)另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼
以s x z sh ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, quiz–quizzes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
但 stomach-stomachs除外
以元音字母(a e i o u)加y结尾的名词直接加s, 如boy—boys男孩 toy—toys 玩具
以辅音字母(除 a e i o u 外)加y...
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以s x z sh ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, quiz–quizzes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
但 stomach-stomachs除外
以元音字母(a e i o u)加y结尾的名词直接加s, 如boy—boys男孩 toy—toys 玩具
以辅音字母(除 a e i o u 外)加y结尾的名词,变y为i再加es 如baby—babies family—families
以“f或fe”结尾,多数变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives leaf life, wife, calf,thief, wolf, shelf, half
但有一些除外,以f结尾的名词,+S的: gulf- gulfs roof – roofs , chief, serf, belief, reef, hoof, proof, cliff, stuff
两种方法均可以的,如scarf,handkerchief, dwarf, handkerchief
以o结尾的名词,多数加es: negroes, heroes, tomatoes, potatoes.
以下两种情况除外
(1)凡词尾以两个元音结尾的词(a, e, i, o, u的任两个组合)则加 -s.如:zoos, bamboos,coos, radios, studios.
(2)凡外来词则加 -s.如 photos,solos,pianos,kilos,tobaccos,Eskimos,photograph
一般情况下,直接加s.
某些外来词变复数:datum→data, medium→media, bacterium→bacteria, curriculum→curricula, criterion→criteria, phenomenon→phenomena. analysis→analyses, basis→bases, crisis→crises, diagnosis→diagnoses, forum-for a, directrix-directrices, stadium- stadia/ stadiums, aquarium
-- aquaria /aquariums
不规则:
man-men, woman-women,
policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen,
mouse-mice, louse-lice
child-children
foot-feet,. tooth-teeth
fish-fish,
sheep- sheep, deer-deer people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
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