被动语态怎么写

被动语态怎么写
被动语态怎么写

被动语态怎么写
中文和英文都有主动语态、被动语态的语法.
比如你的题目中三个句子,1、3是被动态,2是主动态.中文中的被动语态不一定需要必须说出“被”字,主要看句子结构,放在句子前面的主语结构是动作的实施对象,就是被动语态.
你的问题补充中,“你吃了吗”是省略了“饭”这个实施对象,改成被动语态的时候,不能省略这个对象,所以要改成“饭吃了吗”.还有一个,“病被治好了吗”实际上也是省略了实施主体的,就是治病的“医生”,所以改成主动语态的时候不能省略这个主体,要改成“医生治好你的病了吗”.
所以,主动、被动语态,最主要的就是要看我们强调的是哪个方面,如果强调的是动作的实施主体,就用主动语态,于是实施的对象就无关紧要了；如果强调的是动作实施的对象,就用被动语态,这时实施的主体就可有可无了.
主动语态指主语是谓语动作的使动方.也就是说谓语的动作源自主语,而施加于宾语.相反,被动语态中,主语是谓语动作的受动方,如果有宾语的,宾语往往是谓语动作的使动方.
在语法机构上,主动语态和被动语态的区别主要在于,主动语态直接使用动词原形作为谓语,然后再在该动词原形的基础上施加时态和其他语法；而被动语态则使用系词+动词的过去分词作为谓语,各种时态和其他语法也施加在系词上.
举例：
主动：The snowslide killed him.
被动：He was killed by the snowslide.
意义均为：他死于雪崩.
英语中的被动语态使用得比汉语要多,要普遍,许多课本乃至实际应用中都常常涉及到这个问题.一般说来,当强调动作承受者,不必说出执行者或含糊不清的执行者时,多用被动式.须注意的是,许多地方与汉语不同.注意那些汉语中没有"被……"的意思,英语却用被动态.还要注意,英语的被动态往往由"by"引出,而有用介词"by"的短语往往又不是被动态,而是系表结构.还有些待殊现象,如…known to man(人类.所知),on foot步行(美国人有时用by foot),in carraige(乘四轮马车)等等.还有假主动,真被动的十几个常用词的用法,以及so heavy to carry而不用so heavy to be carried等习惯用法.有关这类情况,做到心中有数对全面掌握被动态,准确无误地解答习题非常关键,被动态必须涉及的是动词的各种时态变化的问题.英语的时态本来很复杂,怎样记住各自的被动形式呢? 首先要明确"将来进行无被动,现在完成进行
同".这两种时态无被动形式.
另外,不及物动词带有同源宾语的动词,反身代词的动词和系动词都无被动形式.即便如此,还有不定式,动名词,分词,以及它们的复合结构)的被动态,再加上情态动词,助动词以及它们的疑问式和否定式从中掺杂,真是令人头痛,眼花缭乱.下面口诀就以动词do为例,即do did过去式done过去分词,以口诀形式总结各种时态的被动态,一定对你有所启示.
被动语态（一般现在时）
主动语态变被动语态时,主动语态句中的宾语变成被动语态句中的主语,主动语态句中的主语成为被动语态句中的动作的发出者.
《被动语态的口诀》
一般现、过用be done,be有人称、时、数变.
完成时态have done,被动将been加中间.
一般将来shall (will) do,被动变do为be done.
将来进行无被动,shall (will) be doing,
现在完成进行同,have (has) been doing.
现、过进行be doing, 被动be加being done.
情、助、有、是妥安排,一律随新主语变.
否定助后加not,疑问一助置主前.
主语恰是疑问词,直陈语序主在前.
一般情助加be done,双宾多将间宾变.
复合宾语宾变主,宾补、主补相应变.
特别注意：不用被动语态的情况：
1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：
appear, die disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand
break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.
After the fire, very little remained of my house.
比较： rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词.
(错) The price has been risen.
(对) The price has risen.
(错) The accident was happened last week.
(对) The accident happened last week.
(错) The price has raised.
(对) The price has been raised.
(错) Please seat.
(对) Please be seated.
要想正确地使用被动语态,就须注意哪些动词是及物的,哪些是不及物的.特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法.解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累.
2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：
fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to
This key just fits the lock.
Your story agrees with what had already been heard.
3) 系动词无被动语态：
appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn
It sounds good.
4) 带同源宾语的及物动词,反身代词,相互代词,不能用于被动语态：
die, death, dream, live, life
She dreamed a bad dream last night.
5) 当宾语是不定式时,很少用于被动语态.
(对) She likes to swim.
(错) To swim is liked by her.PS:
编辑本段有些动词可以带双宾语
在用于被动结构时,主动结构中的间接宾语变为主语时,直接宾语仍然保留在谓语后面；直接宾语变为主语时,直接宾语前通常加上介词for/to
He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.在记者招待会上人们问了他很多问题
They are taught a lot of things in the kindergartens.他们在幼儿园被教给很多东西.
A new MP4 was given to him as birthday present/gift.作为生日礼物他收到了一个新MP4.
怎样把主动语态改成被动语态?
把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单,可以遵循以下几个步骤：
1. 先找出谓语动词；
2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语；
3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语；
4. 注意人称、时态和数的变化.
被动语态的用法
1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词 Our classroom is cleaned everyday. I am asked to study hard. Knives are used for cutting things. 2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词 A new shop was built last year. Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago. 3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词 This book has been translated into many languages. Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 A new hospital will be built in our city. Many more trees will be planted next year. 5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 Young trees must be watered often. Your mistakes should be corrected right now. The door may be locked inside. Your homework can be handed in tomorrow. 6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词 Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→ My bike is being repaired by Tom now. They are planting trees over there. → Trees are being planted over there by them. 7. 不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词 There are two books to be read. → There are twenty more trees to be planted. 8.过去将来时的被动语态：would + be + 及物动词的过去分词 He said he would finish the work soon. He said the work would be finished soon by him.

你是说中文还是英文？