虚拟语气的句型 还有他们的用法我也不太清楚 就是像if only 还有...as if...应该还有好多.一定要有详细用法.谢啦^^
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虚拟语气的句型 还有他们的用法我也不太清楚 就是像if only 还有...as if...应该还有好多.一定要有详细用法.谢啦^^
虚拟语气的句型 还有他们的用法
我也不太清楚 就是像if only 还有...as if...应该还有好多.
一定要有详细用法.谢啦^^
虚拟语气的句型 还有他们的用法我也不太清楚 就是像if only 还有...as if...应该还有好多.一定要有详细用法.谢啦^^
虚拟语气的用法
虚拟语气(subjunctive mood)是谓语动词的一种形式,用来表示非真实的假设,或者用来表示命令、建议或说话人的主观愿望.
一、非真实条件中的虚拟语气
非真实条件就是违背事实情况的假设,包括违背现在事实的假设,违背过去事实的假设,以及将来不可能发生或虽有可能发生但说话人主观上不希望发生的假设.最后这一种假设简称为违背将来的假设.在这三种情况下,条件从句和主句中的谓语动词采取下列虚拟形式.
虚拟语气中主句中的第一人称用should,第二、三人称用would.但在美国英语中,第一人称也可用would.此外,主句中也可用情态动词 could或might代替should或would.在条件句中,如果动词是be,在违背现在的事实时,各个人称均用were.但在非正式文体中,特别是在口语中,第一、三人称单数用was的时候也不少.在违背将来事实的条件从句中,"should +动词原形"及"were +不定式"两种谓语动词形式适用于所有的人称.
1.违背现在事实的假设
If the earth had no gravity,the moon would fly to the sun.假如地球没有引力,月球就要向太阳飞去.
If I were you ,I would reconsider their proposal.我要是你,就重新考虑他们的建议.
2.违背过去事实的假设
If I had left a little earlier,I would have caught the train.我要是早点动身就赶上火车了.
If she hadn't taken your advice, she would have made a serious mistake.她要不是听了你的劝告,就犯大错误了.
3.可能违背将来事实的假设
这里指的是将来不大可能发生的假设,或者虽有可能发生,但说话人主观上不希望发生的假设.这种假设相当于汉语中常用的"万一","居然","竟然"等含义.例如:
If he should fail,we would encourage him to try again.万一他失败,我们就鼓励他再试一次.
If I were to do it ,I would do it in a different way.要是我来做这件事,我会采用另一种做法.
4.介词短语表示的假设条件
有时不用if引导条件从句,而用介词短语表示违背事实的假设条件,这时句中谓语动词仍用虚拟语气形式.例如:
Without air,there would be no wind or clouds.没有空气就不会有风,也不会有云.
In that case,we could have done the work better.如果那样的话,我们本可能把工作做得更好些的.
But for the storm,we should have arrived earlier.要是没有碰上暴雨,我们还会早一点到的.
5.连接词if的省略
如果条件从句的谓语包含有had,should或were,有时if可以省略.这时had,should或were要移到主语的前面,形成倒装.这种句型主要见于书面形式.
Had he not been ill,he might have come.要不是生病,他会来的.
Should it rain tomorrow,what could we do?万一明天下雨,我们能做些什么呢?
二、其他从句的虚拟语气
在表示建议、命令、要求以及"重要性"和"紧迫性"等含义的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中,谓语动词常用虚拟语气,由"动词原形"或"should+动词原形"构成.现分述如下:
1.主语从句
在下列结构的主语从句中,谓语动词用虚拟语气
It is necessary that ...(有必要……;……必须)
It is imperative that...(必须……;……是要紧的)
It is important that...(重要的是……;……是很重要的)
It is essential that...(必须……;……是必要的)
It is advisable that...(最好……;……是理想的)
It is better that...(最好……)
It is ordered that...(根据命令……;人们要求……)
It is proposed that...(人们建议……)
It is desired that...(最好……;需要……)
It is requested that...(人们要求……)
It is suggested that...(有人建议……)
It is recommended that...(有人推荐……)
It is demanded that...(根据要求……)
It is decided...(已经决定……)
It is arranged that...(业已安排…&hel
例如:
It was arranged that they leave the following week.根据安排,他们下星期动身.
It is suggested that the meeting(should)be held at some other time.人们建议换一个时间开会.
2.宾语从句
在下列动词的宾语从句中,谓语动词用虚拟语气: suggest(建议),insist(坚持),recommend(推荐),order(命令),propose(提议),require(要求),request(要求),com- mand(命令),demand(要求).例如:
He commanded that we(should)attack the enemy at once.他命令我们立即向敌人进攻.
They demanded that the right to vote be given to every adult.他们要求给予每个成年人选举权.
3.同位语从句和表语从句
在下列名词的同位语从句和表语从句中,谓语动词用虚拟语气:suggestion(建议),proposal(提议),order(命令),instruction(指示、指令),advice(劝告),motion(提议).例如:
He gave the order that the results of the experiment(should)be rechecked.他命令对那次实验的结果重新核对.
My suggestion is that we(should)send a trade delegation to Malaysia.我建议派一个贸易代表团去马来西亚.
三、wish,would rather(sooner)后的虚拟语气
动词wish后的宾语从句,表示未实现的主观愿望.这类宾语从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气.例如:
I wish I knew both English and French.我要是既懂英文又懂法文就好了.
I wish I were as young as you.我要是像你一样年轻该多好.
动词wish如果是过去时态,后面的宾语从句中虚拟语气形式不变,仍用过去时、过去完成时和过去将来时.例如:
I wished I hadn't made that mistake.我当时多么希望没犯那个错误.
虚拟语气中的“四大家族”
虚拟语气是英语中最复杂的语法项目之一,它涉及多种句式,时态变化复杂,掌握起来难度较大.其实,概括起来,虚拟语气主要有四大方面.
一、绝对虚拟语气
绝对虚拟语气主要用来表示一种祝愿、愿望或诅咒等等.绝对虚拟语气常见于以下几种句式:
1)祈使句
Long live world peace!世界和平万岁!
God bless you.愿上帝保佑你.
All the best wishes to you.祝你万事如意!
2)may引导的独立句
May you succeed.祝你成功.
May the friendship between our two peoples be everlasting.祝两国人民的友谊万古长青.
3)If only引导的感叹句
If only I could see him once!要是我能见他一次就好了!
If only I were ten years younger!但愿我能年轻十岁!
二、情态动词表虚拟的句子
一些情态动词如should,could,would,might,may, ought to等加上动词原形或动词的完成时态,表示惊奇、怀疑、担心、不满、后悔、惭愧等,在口语中,使语气更加客气委婉.如:
I never expected that the problem should be so complicated.(惊奇)我从来没想到问题会这样复杂.
You should have come a bit earlier.(不满、责备)你应该早一点来的.
It would be a shame to stop the work halfway.(委婉陈述)半途而废就太遗憾了.
三、名词性从句中的虚拟语气
虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用主要有以下几种:1)wish后的宾语从句
在这类从句中,谓语动词用陈述语气中相应的过去时态或过去将来时态的形式.如:
I wish I were(was)as clever as you.我希望和你一样聪明.
How I wish I hadn't said that to him.多么希望我没跟他说那事.
Iwish he would come to our help at that time.希望到时候他能来帮我们.
2)would rather,had rather,prefer后的宾语从句
在这类从句中,谓语动词和虚拟条件从句相同.如:
I would(had)rather they came tomorrow.我宁愿他们明天来.
We prefer that the plan should be fully discussed before being put into execution.我们宁愿在计划实施前加以充分讨论.
3)与建议(suggest,advise)、命令(order,command)、要求(request,demand)、主张(insist,propose)等含义有关的名词性从句,在这类从句中,谓语动词用(should +)动词原形.如:
Mr Brown suggested that the meeting(should)be postponed.(宾语从句)
It was suggested that the meeting(should)be postponed.(主语从句)
Mr Brown's suggestion was that the meeting(should) be postponed.(表语从句)
Most of us agreed to Mr Brown's suggestion that the meeting(should)be postponed.(同位语从句)
注意:当以上词汇表其它含义时,不用虚拟语气.如:
His look suggested that he was very satisfied.他的表情表明他很满意.
The little boy insisted that he hadn't stolen the money.小男孩坚持自己没偷钱.
4)It is a pity,It is a shame,It is incredible,It isstrange,It is no wonder,It is necessary等结构后,谓语动词用(should +)动词原形.如:
It is a great pity that he should be so conceited.真遗憾他竟会这样自高自大.
It seems incredible that he should have finished the work so soon.真使人难以相信,他 这样快就完成了这项工作.
四、状语从句中的虚拟语气
虚拟语气在状语从句中的应用主要有以下几种情况:
1)If引导的条件状语从句
这类情况中,主句和从句的谓语动词根据不同时态进行相应变化.如:
If I were you,I wouldn't lose heart.我要是你就不会灰心.
I could have done better if I had been more careful.我要是细心一点,是可以做得更好 的.
2)as if(though)引导的方式状语从句(这类从句也可用陈述语气),谓语动词用相应时态的过去时.如:
He spoke to me as if I was(were)deaf.他跟我说话时就像我是聋子似的.
They talked as if(though)they had been friends for years.他们说起话来就像多年的老朋友似的.
3)so that,in order that引导的目的状语从句中,谓语动词用may,might,can或could加动词原形.如:
I live so that others may live better.我活着为的是使别人活得更好.
除了以上四大类外,it is(high)time后的定语从句也用虚拟语气,从句的谓语动词用动词的过去时或 should加动词原形.如:
Itis time that we went(should go)to bed.是睡觉的时候了.
It is high time that I left(should leave).我的确该走了.
百度百科...
就按平常我们说话那么用
都上了一学期外教了
一般简单的句子想说什么就能准确的用英文表达出来吧