补语、状语、定语分别是什么含义?如何使用?

补语、状语、定语分别是什么含义?如何使用?
补语、状语、定语分别是什么含义?如何使用?

补语、状语、定语分别是什么含义?如何使用?
定义:状语是名词前面的连带成分,用来修饰、限制、动词或形容词,表示动作的状态、方式、时间、处所或程度等.
例句:(括号内为状语)
他[已经]走了
咱们[北京]见
歌声[把王老师]带入深沉的回忆
科学[终于以伟大的不可抑制的力量]战胜了神权
说明:1.副词、形容词经常做状语.
2.表示时间、处所的名词经常做状语,一般名词不做状语动词中除助动词外很少做状语.
3.介词结构常做状语
4.一般状语紧连在中心词的前边,但表示时间、处所、目的的名词或介词结构作状语时,可以放在主语的前边.如[在杭州],我们游览了西湖美景
状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语.一般可分为九大类,分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式.尽管种类较多,但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似,所以理解和掌握它并不难.状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词即考点.现分别列举如下:
1． 时间状语从句
常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until
特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day,the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when
I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.
While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.
The children ran away from the orchard(果园) the moment they saw the guard.
No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.
Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.
2． 地点状语从句
常用引导词：where
特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere
Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.
Wherever you go, you should work hard.
3． 原因状语从句
常用引导词：because, since, as, since
特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, considering that, inasmuch as, insomuch as
My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful.
Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference.
The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.
Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable.
4． 目的状语从句
常用引导词：so that, in order that
特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that,in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that
The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.
The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.
5． 结果状语从句
常用引导词：so … that, so… that, such … that,
特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,
He got up so early that he caught the first bus.
It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it.
To such an degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last night.
6． 条件状语从句
常用引导词：if, unless,
特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose that, in case that, on condition that
We’ll start our project if the president agrees.
You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.
Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.
7． 让步状语从句
常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though
特殊引导词： as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装),while ( 一般用在句首 ),no matter …, in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever
Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.
尽管我很尊敬他, 我却不同意他的建议.
The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.
No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.
He won’t listen whatever you may say.
8． 比较状语从句
常用引导词：as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)
特殊引导词：the more … the more … ; just as …, so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no … more than; not A so much as B
She is as bad-tempered as her mother.
The house is three times as big as ours.
The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.
Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人,犹如油之于机器.
9． 方式状语从句
常用引导词：as, as if, how
特殊引导词：the way
When in Rome, do as the Roman do.
She behaved as if she were the boss.
Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.
第一个down为副词
动词+副词的组合,如果用代词要放在副词之前.即,可以写成
turn it down.
第二个on为介词.
只有几个介词可以作为副词使用
如on\down\up\out\off...
这个要根据情况看是什么词.turn\cut等后常加副词
补充回答：
怎样记忆（分辨）“动词+介词（副词）”型短语的含义
悬赏分：0 - 解决时间：2006-9-23 21:10
这个问题困扰了我很长时间,有一些“动词+介词（副词）”型短语,我总是分不清它们的意思,比如keep+up/down/off/back...当同一个动词与不同介词（副词）连用时,往往会生发出不同的意思,而且每个短语还有多个不同的意思,让我着实头疼.请问各位有没有什么记忆的好方法?
提问者： fredfsh - 魔法师 四级
1.主要靠平时记忆.
2.如果知道哪些词平时可用作介词、什么意思,也有助于区别他们是介词还是副词.如：
Please fill the words in the form.
这一句可拆分成：
Please fill the words in. /Please fill in the words . 副词in有动态的“进入”之义.
或者,Please fill in the form.介词in有静态的“在里面”之义.
英语中有一些表示方式、 程度的副词具有两种形式. 如late,lately；
high,highly；slow,showly等 等.在这些词当中,两种不同形式所表达的含
义有的完全不同,有的很相似,而有的却完全一致.这就给人们 使用这些词时
带来一定的麻烦.特别是在学生中间,总免不了使用时的混淆.笔者想就此问题
分类作一点探讨 .
（一）本类词有hard,hardly；late,lately；most,mostly等等,这两
种副词形式含义完全不同,所以 ,使用时不易引起混淆.
1.He works hard all day.他整天都在使劲地干活.
He hardly works at all.他很少干活.
2.You have come too late.你来得太晚了.
Have you see him lately?你最近见到过他吗?
3.The person who talks most is often the one who doesleast.说得最
多的人常常干得最少.
The audience consisted mostly of women.观众大部分是女的.
4.The next flight dose not go direct to Tokyo; it goes byway of
Shanghai.下趟航班不直飞东京 ,而是绕道上海.
He will be here directly.他马上就来.
5.The rider pulled his horse up short.骑手突然一下把马勒住.
Make a right turn shortly beyond the village. 村前不远处往右拐.
6.Please stand clear of the gate.请不要站在门前.
He stated his view-point clealy.他很清楚明白地阐述了自己的观点.
7.The exam was pretty difficult.这次考试相当难.
Her little girls are always prettily dressed.她的小女孩穿着总是很
漂亮.
（二）这类词主要有wide,widely；close, closely ；high,highly等
等,这两种副词形式不同,含义 也有差别,但是没有第一类的区别明显,而且
翻译成汉语时用词也很接近.所以使用时很容易混淆.这类词含 义及用法上的
主要特点是：不带-ly的副词表示具体的行为和动作,说明的动作或状况有可测
量性和可见性；而 以-ly结尾的同源副词所表达的常常是抽象性的行为和状况.
这时,这些词大都具有"greatly"和"extremel y"的含义.试作如下比较：
1.Do you see that butterfly flying high above the street?你是否看
见那只蝴蝶在街道上方高高飞舞 着?
The distinguished guests were highly praised.贵宾们受到了高度赞扬.
2.He flung the door wide open.他猛地把门开得大大的.
We were widely different on many questions.我们在许多问题上分歧很
大.
3.You will have to pay dear for that telescope.买那个望远镜你得付
很高的价钱.
You will pay dearly for the insult. 对这样的侮辱你将付出高昂的代价.
4.She stood close against the wall.她紧挨着墙站着.
The police were watching him closely.警察在密切监视他.
5.The bird is now flying quite low.鸟儿现在飞得非常低.
He bowed lowly before the queen.他谦恭地给女王鞠了一躬.
6.They had to dig deep to reach water.他们挖得很深才挖到水.
You have offended him deeply.你冒犯他可不轻.
7.Grace is holding tight to Paul.格雷斯紧紧地搂抱着保罗.
The passengers were packed tightly in the train.火车车箱里挤满了乘
客.
8.Mr. Cole tends to speak rather loud.科尔先生说话声音总是很大.
Mr. Cole boasted loudly of his power. 科尔先生大肆夸耀自己的权力.
（三）这类词主要有slow,slowly；quick,quickly等等异形同义词.当
然,现代英语的语言规范性要求 用以-ly 结尾的副词来修饰动词,但由于句子
结构以及搭配的不同,使用时也具有不同的倾向性.在此,主要 探讨一下在什
么情况下常使用不带-ly的副词形式.同时, 把第二类中一些适应于下列规则
的词也包括进去. 总的说来,倾向于使用不带-ly副词形式的情况大致有下列
四种：
Ⅰ 用作比较级或最高级时：
1.Allen was walking quickly, but George was walking evenquicker.
艾伦走得很快,但乔治走得更快 .
2.The men were quarreling loudly, but the policemenshouted louder.
那些人在大声争吵着,但 是警察喊叫得更响.
3.The car went slower and slower until it came to a stand still.
汽车走得越来越慢,最后停了下 来.
4.Let's see who can run quickest.我们来看看谁跑得最快.
5.We must look closer at the problem. 我们必须更加仔细地查看这一问
题.
Ⅱ 有"so"或"too"修饰时：
1.It all happened so quick that I could do nothing. 这一切发生得如
此之快以致于我手足无措无法 对付了.
2.It is impossible to overtake him; your car goes tooslow.不可能赶
上他了,你的车太慢了.
3.Don't talk so loud; the child is in bed now.别这样大声说话,孩子
已经睡了.

http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/24920751.html?fr=qrl3
参考这里，很详细了已经