什么是祈使句……什么是特殊疑问句?(英语的)如题说讲

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什么是祈使句……什么是特殊疑问句?(英语的)如题说讲
什么是祈使句……什么是特殊疑问句?(英语的)
如题说讲

什么是祈使句……什么是特殊疑问句?(英语的)如题说讲
祈使句表示请求、命令、建议等等.谓语动词一律用原形.句子中通常不用主语,句末用惊叹号或者句号,用降调.
1含有第二人称主语的祈使句
Be careful!小心!
Don''t make such a noise.不要这么吵.
1.肯定的祈使句
a.句型:动词原形~.(省略主语)
Stand up.起立.
Be quiet,please.请安静.
b.有时,为了加强语气,可以在动词之前加do
Do sit down.
务必请坐.
Do study hard.
一定要努力学习.
比较
祈使句和陈述句陈述句:
You sit down.
你坐下来.
祈使句:
Sit down.坐下
(省略主语you)
c.用客气的语气表示祈使句时,可在句首或句尾加上please,但如果在句尾加please,那在please之前一定要加一个逗号“,”.
Go this way,please.
请这边走.
d.祈使句中如果有唤语,一定要用逗号“,”隔开,放在句首或句尾.
Li Ming,come here.
李明,过来.
Come here,Li Ming.
过来,李明.
2.否定的祈使句
句型:Don''t +动词原形~
Don''t swim in the river.
别在河里游泳.
Don''t be late.别迟到.
Please don''t be noisy.
请不要大声喧哗.
注意
表示禁止时,尤其是标语等也可用“No+名词/动名词”来表示.
No smoking!
禁止吸烟!
No parking!
禁止停车!
No entry!
不准入内!
No litter!
不准乱扔杂物!
句型转换
祈使句与陈述句的改写
1.祈使句=You must …(陈述句)
Come here .过来.
=You must come here .
你必须过来.
Don''t do that again.
你一定不可以再那样做了.
2.Please +祈使句=Will you (please) (陈述句)
Please help me .请帮帮我.
=Will you (please) help me?
你愿意帮我的忙吗?
Come here on time ,please .请准时到这儿.
=Will you (please) come here on time
请你准时到好吗?
2含有第一、第三人称主语的祈使句
Let''s say good-by here.
我们在此道别吧.
Don''t let him do that again.
别让他再那么做了.
1.肯定的祈使句
句型:·Let+第一人称(me,us)~.
·Let+第三人称代词(宾格:him,her,it,them)或名词~.
Let''s go at once.
咱们马上动身吧.
Let me try again.
让我再试试.
Let Tom go there himself.
让汤姆自己去那儿.
注意
Let''s包括对方,Let us不包括对方.反意疑问句时最明显.
Let''s go,shall we?
咱们去吧,怎么样?
Let us go,will you?
让我们去吧,行吗?
(征求对方的意见)
2.否定的祈使句
句型:·Let''s(us,me)+not +动词原形~.
·Don''t let +第三人称代词的宾格或名词+动词原形.
Let''s not say anything about it.
对于这件事,咱们什么也不要说.
Don''t let them play with fire.
别让他们玩火.
句型转换
祈使句有时相当一个if引导的条件状语从句.
祈使句:Use your head and you''ll find a way.
条件句:If you use your head,you''ll find a way.
如果你动动脑筋,你就会找到方法.
注意
回答Let''s~的反意疑问句句型时,肯定时用Yes,let''s.否定时用NO,let''s not.
祈使句变反意疑问句的方法:
祈使句后的反意疑问句形式
a,Let's表示说话人向对方提出建议,简短问句的主语用 we表示,问句用 shall we或 shan't we 如:Let's have a cup of tea ,shall we (shan't we)
b,Let me或 Let us表示听话人提出请求,问句用 will you或 won't you .
Let me have a rest ,will you (won't you )
c,其它的祈使句后可以加一个简短问句,使语气变得客气一些.
如:Have a rest ,will you
Stand up ,will (won't) you
特殊疑问句
以疑问词开头,对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句.常用的疑问词有:what who whose which when where how why等.
特殊疑问句有两种语序:
1.如疑问词作主语或主语的定语,即对主语或主语的定语提问,其语序是陈述句的语序:疑问词(+主语)+谓语动词+其他成分?如:
who is singing in the room?
whose bike is broken?
2.如疑问词作其他成分,即对其他成分提问,其语序是:疑问词+一般疑问句语序?如:
what class are you in?
What does she look like?
Where are you from?
What time does he get up every morning?
How do you know?
注意:
1.回答特殊疑问句时,不能用yes / no,即问什么答什么,尤其是简略回答.如:
Who is from Canada?
Helen (is).
Where's the restaurant?
Near the station.
Why do you like koalas?
Because they are cute.
2.特殊疑问句一般读降调(↓).