登高 杜甫翻译

登高 杜甫翻译
登高 杜甫翻译

登高 杜甫翻译
登高
诗人:杜甫 朝代:唐
风急天高猿啸哀,渚清沙白鸟飞回.
无边落木萧萧下,不尽长江滚滚来.
万里悲秋常作客,百年多病独登台.
艰难苦恨繁霜鬓,潦倒新停浊酒杯.
风急天高猿猴啼叫显得十分悲哀,水清沙白的河洲上空鸟儿在盘旋.
无边无际的树木萧萧地飘下落叶,望不到头的长江水滚滚奔腾而来.
悲对秋景感慨万里漂泊常年为客,一生当中疾病缠身今日独上高台.
历尽了艰难苦恨白发长满了双鬓,穷困潦倒偏又暂停了浇愁的酒杯.
作者：
杜甫（712－770）,字子美,自号少陵野老,杜少陵,杜工部等.我国古代伟大的现实主义诗人,与李白并称“李杜”,人称“诗圣”,其诗被喻为"诗史",一生写诗一千四百多首,他的诗大多反映民间疾苦.原籍湖北襄阳,生于河南巩县.远祖为晋代功名显赫的杜预,乃祖为初唐诗人杜审言,乃父杜闲.唐肃宗时,官左拾遗.后入蜀,友人严武推荐他做剑南节度府参谋,加检校工部员外郎.故后世又称他杜拾遗、杜工部.
此诗是杜甫大历二年（767）秋在夔州时所写.当时诗人病卧夔州,夔州在长江之滨.全诗通过登高所见秋江景色,倾诉了诗人长年飘泊、老病孤愁的复杂感情,慷慨激越,动人心弦.杨伦称赞此诗为“杜集七言律诗第一”（《杜诗镜铨》）,胡应麟《诗薮》更推重此诗精光万丈,是古今七言律诗之冠.
前四句写登高见闻.首联对起.诗人围绕夔州的特定环境,用“风急”二字带动全联,一开头就写成了千古流传的佳句.夔州向以猿多著称,峡口更以风大闻名.秋日天高气爽,这里却猎猎多风.诗人登上高处,峡中不断传来“高猿长啸”之声,大有“空谷传响,哀转久绝”（《水经注·江水》）的意味.诗人移动视线,由高处转向江水洲渚,在水清沙白的背景上,点缀着迎风飞翔、不住回旋的鸟群,真是一幅精美的画图.其中天、风,沙、渚,猿啸.鸟飞,天造地设,自然成对.不仅上下两句对,而且还有句中自对,如上句“天”对“风”；“高”对“急”；下句“沙”对“渚”,“白”对“清”,读来富有节奏感.经过诗人的艺术提炼,十四个字,字字精当,无一虚设,用字遣辞,“尽谢斧凿”,达到了奇妙难名的境界.更值得注意的是：对起的首句,未字常用仄声,此诗却用平声入韵.沈德潜因有“起二句对举之中仍复用韵,格奇而变”（《唐诗别裁》）的赞语.
颔联集中表现了夔州秋天的典型特征.诗人仰望茫无边际、萧萧而下的木叶,俯视奔流不息、滚滚而来的江水,在写景的同时,便深沉地抒发了自己的情怀.“无边”“不尽”,使“萧萧”‘滚滚”更加形象化,不仅使人联想到落木窸索之声,长江汹涌之状,也无形中传达出韶光易逝：壮志难酬的感怆.透过沉郁悲凉的对句,显示出神入化之笔力,确有“建瓴走坂”、“百川东注”的磅礴气势.前人把它誉为“古今独步”的“句中化境”,是有道理的.
前两联极力描写秋景,直到颈联,才点出一个“秋”字.“独登台”,则表明诗人是在高处远眺,这就把眼前景和心中情紧密地联系在一起了.“常作客”,指出了诗人飘泊无定的生涯.“百年”,本喻有限的人生,此处专指暮年.“悲秋”两字写得沉痛.秋天不一定可悲,只是诗人目睹苍凉恢廓的秋景,不由想到自己沦落他乡、年老多病的处境,故生出无限悲愁之绪.诗人把久客最易悲秋,多病独爱登台的感情,概括进一联“雄阔高浑,实大声弘”的对句之中,使人深深地感到了他那沉重地跳动着的感情脉搏.此联的“万里”“百年”和上一联的.“无边”“不尽”,还有相互呼应的作用：诗人的羁旅愁与孤独感,就象落叶和江水一样,推徘不尽,驱赶不绝,情与景交融相洽.诗到此已给作客思乡的一般含意,添上久客孤独的内容,增人悲秋苦病的情思,加进离乡万里、人在暮年的感叹,诗意就更见深沉了.
尾联对结,并分承五六两句.诗人备尝艰难潦倒之苦,国难家愁,使自己白发日多,再加上因病断酒,悲愁就更难排遣.本来兴会盎然地登高望远,现在却平白无故地惹恨添悲,诗人的矛盾心情是容易理解的.前六句“飞扬震动”,到此处“软冷收之,而无限悲凉之意,溢于言外”（《诗薮》）.
诗前半写景,后半抒情,在写法上各有错综之妙.首联着重刻画眼前具体景物,好比画家的工笔,形、声、色、态：一一得到表现.次联着重渲染整个秋天气氛,好比画家的写意,只宜传神会意,让读者用想象补充,三联表现感情,从纵（时间）、横（空间）两方面着笔,由异乡飘泊写到多病残生.四联又从白发日多,护病断饮,归结到时世艰难是潦倒不堪的根源.这样,杜甫忧国伤时的情操,便跃然纸上.
此诗八句皆对.粗略一看,首尾好像“未尝有对”,胸腹好像“无意于对”.仔细玩味,“一篇之中,句句皆律,一句之中,字字皆律”.不只“全篇可法”,而且“用句用字”,“皆古今人必不敢道,决不能道者”.它能博得“旷代之作”（均见胡应麟《诗薮》）的盛誉,就是理所当然的了.
此诗的名句为无边落木萧萧下, 不尽长江滚滚来.
编辑本段题解
这首诗作于唐代宗大历二年（767）秋.当时安史之乱已经结束四年了,但地方军阀又乘时而起,相互争夺地盘.杜甫本入严武幕府,依托严武,可惜严武不久病逝,使他失去了依靠,只好离开经营了五六年的成都草堂,买舟南下,本想直达夔门,却因病魔缠身,在云安呆了几个月后才到夔州.如不是当地都督的照顾,他也不可能在此一住就是三个年头.而就在这三年里,他的生活依然很困苦,身体也非常不好.
这首诗就是五十六岁的老诗人在这极端困窘的情况下写成的.那一天,他独自登上夔州白帝城外的高台,登高临眺,百感交集.望中所见,激起意中所触；萧瑟的秋江景色,引发了他身世飘零的感慨,渗入了他老病孤愁的悲哀.于是,就有了这首被誉为“古今七言律第一”的旷世之作.
句解
风急天高猿啸哀,渚清沙白鸟飞回.
天高风急,秋气肃杀,猿啼哀啸,十分悲凉；清清河洲,白白沙岸,鸥鹭低空回翔.首联两句,对举之中仍复用韵,且句中自对,无一虚设.这是诗人登高看到的景象,构成一幅悲凉的秋景图画,为全诗定下了基调.登高而望,江天本来是开阔的,但在诗人笔下,却令人强烈地感受到：风之凄急、猿之哀鸣、鸟之回旋,都受着无形的秋气的控制,仿佛万物都对秋气的来临惶然无主.“风急”,夔州位于长江之滨,三峡之首的瞿塘峡之口,素以水急、风大著称. “猿啸哀”,巫峡多猿,鸣声凄厉.当地民谣说：“巴东三峡巫峡长,猿鸣三声泪沾裳.”“渚”,水中的小块陆地.
无边落木萧萧下,不尽长江滚滚来.
落叶飘零,无边无际,纷纷扬扬,萧萧而下；奔流不尽的长江,汹涌澎湃,滚滚奔腾而来. 颔联为千古名句,写秋天肃穆萧杀、空旷辽阔的景色,一句仰视,一句俯视,有疏宕之气.“无边”,放大了落叶的阵势,“萧萧下”,又加快了飘落的速度.在写景的同时,深沉地抒发了自己的情怀,传达出韶光易逝,壮志难酬的感怆.它的境界非常壮阔,对人们的触动不限于岁暮的感伤,同时让人想到生命的消逝与有限,宇宙的无穷与永恒.透过沉郁悲凉的精工对句,显示着诗人出神入化的笔力,有“建瓴走坂”、“百川东注”的磅礴气势.前人誉为“古今独步”的“句中化境”.
万里悲秋常作客,百年多病独登台.
我万里漂泊,常年客居他乡,对此秋景,更觉伤悲；有生以来,疾病缠身,今日独自登临高台.颈联是诗人一生颠沛流离生活的高度概括,有顿挫之神.诗人从空间（万里）、时间（百年）两方面着笔,把久客最易悲秋,多病独自登台的感情,融入一联雄阔高浑的对句之中,情景交融,使人深深地感到他那沉重的感情脉搏.语言极为凝炼,乃千古名句.宋代学者罗大经《鹤林玉露》析此联云：“万里,地之远也；悲秋,时之惨凄也；作客,羁旅也；常作客,久旅也；百年,暮齿也；多病,衰疾也；台,高迥处也；独登台,无亲朋也；十四字之间含有八意,而对偶又极精确.”“八意”,即八可悲：他乡作客,一可悲；常作客,二可悲；万里作客,三可悲；又当萧瑟的秋天,四可悲；年已暮齿,一事无成,五可悲；亲朋亡散,六可悲；孤零零的独自去登,七可悲；身患疾病,八可悲.
艰难苦恨繁霜鬓,潦倒新停浊酒杯.
时世艰难,生活困苦,我常恨鬓如霜白；浊酒销忧,却怎奈潦倒,以至需要停杯.尾联转入对个人身边琐事的悲叹,与开篇《楚辞》般的天地雄浑之境,形成惨烈的对比.“苦恨”,甚恨,意思是愁恨很深.“潦倒”,犹言困顿衰颓,狼狈失意. 新停浊酒杯：一般解释为戒酒,不妥.“停”是表示某种动作状态延续途中的一时中断,这一句是说,我一人登台,独饮浊酒,无亲朋相伴,慢慢举起销忧解愁的酒杯,停在嘴边——我的身体已承受不了啦,至今饮酒不断、未曾有过停杯体验的我,不禁为自己身心之衰感到愕然.新,指初次出现.“浊酒”是相对于“清酒”而言,是一种带糟的酒,就像今天的米酒,古时称之为“醪”.
评解

这是一首最能代表杜诗中景象苍凉阔大、气势浑涵汪茫的七言律诗.前两联写登高闻见之景,后两联抒登高感触之情.由情选景,寓情于景,浑然一体,充分表达了诗人长年飘泊、忧国伤时、老病孤愁的复杂感情.而格调却雄壮高爽,慷慨激越,高浑一气,古今独步.
这首律诗很特别,其四联句句押韵,皆为工对,且首联两句,又句中自对,可谓“一篇之中,句句皆律,一句之中,字字皆律”.就写景而言,有工笔细描（首联）,写出风、天、猿、渚、沙、鸟六种景物的形、声、色、态,每件景物均只用一字描写,却生动形象,精炼传神；有大笔写意（颔联）,传达出秋的神韵.抒情则有纵的时间的着笔,写“常做客”的追忆；也有横的空间的落墨,写“万里”行程后的“独登台”.从一生飘泊,写到余魂残骨的飘零,最后将时世艰难归结为潦倒不堪的根源.这样错综复杂手法的运用,把诗人忧国伤时,老病孤愁的苍凉,表现得沉郁而悲壮.难怪明代胡应麟《诗薮》说,全诗“五十六字,如海底珊瑚,瘦劲难名,沉深莫测,而精光万丈,力量万钧.通章章法、句法、字法,前无昔人,后无来学,微有说者,是杜诗,非唐诗耳.然此诗自当为古今七言律第一,不必为唐人七言律第一也”.
编辑本段杜甫的诗
杜甫（712--770）,字子美,是中国文学史上伟大的现实主义诗人,他的诗深刻地反映了唐朝由兴盛走向衰亡时期的社会面貌,具有丰富的社会内容,鲜明的时代色彩和强烈的政治倾向.他的诗激荡着热爱祖国、热爱人民的炽烈情感和不惜自我牺牲的崇高精神,因此被后人公认为“诗史”,诗人被尊称为“诗圣”.
杜甫一生写下了一千多首诗,其中著名的有《三吏》、《三别》、《兵车行》、《茅屋为秋风所破歌》、《丽人行》、《春望》等.杜甫诗充分表达了他对人民的深刻同情,揭露了封建社会剥削者与被剥削者之间的尖锐对立：“朱门酒肉臭,路有冻死骨!”这千古不朽的诗句,被世世代代的中国人所铭记.“济时敢爱死,寂寞壮心惊!”这是杜甫对祖国无比热爱的充分展示,这一点使他的诗具有很高的人民性.杜甫的这种爱国热枕,在《春望》和《闻官军收河南河北》等名篇中,也表现得非常充沛.而在《三吏》、《三别》中,对广大人民忍受一切痛苦的爱国精神的歌颂,更把他那颗爱国爱民的赤子之心展现在读者面前.出自对祖国和人民的热爱,对统治阶级奢侈荒淫的面目和祸国殃民的罪行,必然怀有强烈的憎恨.这一点在不朽的名篇《兵车行》、《丽人行》中更是得到了淋漓尽致的表现.一个伟大爱国者的忧国忧民之情,必然在其它方面也有所表现.杜甫的一些咏物、写景的诗,甚至那些有关夫妻、兄弟、朋友的抒情诗中,也无不渗透着对祖国、对人民的深厚感情.总之,杜甫的诗是唐帝国由盛转衰的艺术记录.杜甫以积极的入世精神,勇敢、忠实、深刻地反映了极为广泛的社会现实,无论在怎样一种险恶的形势下,他都没有失去信心,在我国悠久的文学史上,杜甫诗歌的认识作用、借鉴作用、教育作用和审美作用都是难以企及的.
杜诗最大的艺术特色是,诗人常将自己的主观感受隐藏在客观的描写中,让事物自身去打动读者.例如《丽人行》中,诗人并没有直接去斥责杨氏兄妹的荒淫,然而从对他们服饰、饮食等方面的具体描述中,作者的爱憎态度已显露无遗.
杜诗语言平易朴素、通俗、写实,但却极见功力.他还常用人物独白和俗语来突出人物性格的个性化.
杜诗在刻画人物时,特别善于抓住细节的描写,如《北征》中关于妻子儿女的一段文字就是非常突出的例子.
杜甫诗风多变,但总体来看,可以概括为沉郁顿挫.这里的沉郁是指文章的深沉蕴蓄,顿挫则是指感情的抑扬曲折,语气、音节的跌宕摇曳.
所有这一切,确立了杜甫在三千多年的中国文学史上至高无上的“诗圣”的地位.
英文译文

Wind blusters high in the sky and monkeys wail; /
Clear the islet with white sand where birds are wheeling; /
Everywhere the leaves fall rustling from the trees, /
While on for ever rolls the turbulent Yangtse. /
All around is autumnal gloom and I, long from home, /
A prey all my life to ill health, climb the terrace alone; /
Hating the hardships which have frosted my hair, /
Sad that illness made me give up the solace of wine.

When winds rage and the sky is high, gibbons cry mournfully; /
Over white sands on a clear riverbank, birds fly and whirl. /
Leaves fall from deep woods – rustling and soughing; /
The Long River rolls on, forever, wave after wave. /
Ten thousand miles away in sad autumn, I often find myself a stranger; /
My whole life afflicted by sickness, I mount alone the high terrace. /
Beset by hardships, I resent the heavy frost on my temples; /
Dispirited, I have by now abandoned my cup of unstrained wine.

The wind so fresh, the sky so high /
Awake the gibbons’ wailing cry. /
The isles clear-cut, the sand so white, /
Arrest the wheeling sea-gulls’ flight. /
Through endless space with rustling sound /
The falling leaves are whirled around. /
Beyond my ken a yeasty sea /
The Yangtze’s waves are rolling free. /
From far away, in autumn drear, /
I find myself a stranger here. /
With dragging years and illness wage /
Lone war upon this lofty stage. /
With troubles vexed and trials sore /
My locks are daily growing hoar: / Till Time, before whose steps I
pine, / Set down this failing cup of wine!

The wind so swift, the sky so steep, sad gibbons cry; /
Water so clear and sand so white, backward birds fly. /
The boundless forest sheds its leaves shower by shower; /
The endless river rolls its waves hour after hour. /
Far from home in autumn, I’m grieved to see my plight; /
After my long illness, I climb alone this height. /
Living in hard times, at my frosted hair I pine; /
Pressed by poverty, I give up my cup of wine.

The wind so swift and sky so wide, apes wail and cry; /
Water so clear and beach so white, birds wheel and fly. /
The boundless forest sheds its leaves shower by shower; /
The endless river rolls its waves hour after hour. /
A thousand miles from home in autumn, I’m grieved at autumn’s plight; /
Ill now and then for years, ,alone I’m on this height. /
Living in times so hard, at frosted hair I pine; /
Cast down by poverty, I have to give up wine.
Written on an Autumn Holiday Rewi Alley译
These days of autumn, the clouds /
Are high; wind rises in strength; /
Far away the cry of monkeys can /
Be heard, giving people a sorrowful /
Feeling; skimming the white sands /
And the water, waterfowl fly; falling /
Leaves rustle as they come through /
The air; The Yangtse seems endless /
With its waters rolling on incessantly; /
So many autumns have I now spent /
Away from home, with sickness for /
A companion; now do I climb high /
Above the river by myself, /
Troubles and sorrow have turned my hair /
Grey; sick and poor, I now
/ Even stop drinking wine!
I Climb High Florence Ayscough译
Wind is strong, sky is high, gibbons wail sadly; /
Shoals are bright, sand gleam white, birds fly in circles. /
Without bounds is the forest, leaves fall, swish, swish, they drop; /
No ending has Great River, swirl, swirl, it comes. /
Ten thousanli sad Autumn! Have been long a wanderer; /
A hundred years, many illnesses! Alone I climb the tower. /
Sorrows, hardships, bitterness, grief, thickly frosted hair on my brows,
Inert I sink to ground; all fellowship ended; I drink muddy wine in my cup.

In a sharp gale from the wide sky apes are whimpering, /
Birds are flying homeward over the clear lake and white sand, /
Leaves are dropping down like the spray of a waterfall, /
While I watched the long river always rolling on. /
I have come three miles away. Sad now with autumn /
And with my hundred years of woe, I climb this height alone. /
Ill fortune has laid a bitter frost on my temples, /
Heart-ache and weariness are a thick dust in my wine.

Swift wind and a high ceiling mournful the monkeys sound,
/ From island to white beach the birds are wheeling round.
/ Everywhere falling leaves fall rustling to
/ The waves of the Long River onrushing without bound.
/ Who grieves for Autumn a thousand miles from home
/ Despite lifelong illness I climb the terrace alone.
/ Hardships and bitterness frosting many a hair,
/ I abjure the cup of wine that stopped my moan.

High wind blowing, high clouds floating, gibbons wailing, /
Sandbars gleaming white, the waters rippling clear, /
Birds coming home, leaves rustling down -- /
And the great river rolls on, ceaseless. /
A stranger here, far, far, from home, /
I can’t help feeling sad in autumn. /
Life is short, my health failing, here I stand alone. /
Life is hard, my temples greying, /
I’m filled with regret. /
Down and out, can’t even drink now, /
Can’t even drink now…

A stiff breeze is up; the vault of heaven seems high. /
Monkeys on the hills are making their plaintive cry. /
The islets become clearer; the sandbanks, clean and white; /
Water-birds are hovering over them in their flight. /
For miles around, rustling leaves are falling without pause. /
The Yang-tze-kiang is tumbling on in its onward course. /
Far from home, autumn strikes me as adding to my grief. /
An invalid, I mount the heights alone for relief. /
Long suffering has left its cruel mark on my hair. /
I’ve ceased anew to drink in utter despair.

From heaven high the winds are whirling down with monkey’s whine, /
And over the white sanded hursts the birds are cleaving fine. /
The boundless forests shed their yellow leaves with rustles; /
The everflowing Yangtze on its way rolls and wrestles. /
Autumn is chilling me – always a thousand-miles-roameer, /
Alone mounting the mountain, and a life-long sufferer. /
I deeply loathe my rime-like temples as in these hard times; /
Of late Senility yet forces me to give up wines!