RT-PCR如何用来分析基因的时空表达?如上RT-PCR反转录过程中,70℃的作用是什么?结束后为什么要立即放冰上?请回答的严密一些哦!
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RT-PCR如何用来分析基因的时空表达?如上RT-PCR反转录过程中,70℃的作用是什么?结束后为什么要立即放冰上?请回答的严密一些哦!
RT-PCR如何用来分析基因的时空表达?
如上
RT-PCR反转录过程中,70℃的作用是什么?结束后为什么要立即放冰上?
请回答的严密一些哦!
RT-PCR如何用来分析基因的时空表达?如上RT-PCR反转录过程中,70℃的作用是什么?结束后为什么要立即放冰上?请回答的严密一些哦!
RT-PCR有2种.一种是REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION PCR.
还有一种是REAL TIME-PCR
如果你方便的话,我就直接贴英语的了.不做翻译了.
RT-PCR principles and procedure
RT-PCR utilises a pair of primers, which are complementary to a defined sequence on each of the two strands of the cDNA. These primers are then extended by a DNA polymerase and a copy of the strand is made after each cycle, leading to logarithmic amplification [1].
RT-PCR includes three major steps. The first step is the reverse transcription (RT) where RNA is reverse transcribed to cDNA using a reverse transcriptase and primers. This step is very important in order to allow the performance of PCR since DNA polymerase can act only on DNA templates [2]. The RT step can be performed either in the same tube with PCR (one-step PCR) or in a separate one (two step PCR) using a temperature between 40°C and 50°C, depending on the properties of the reverse transcriptase used [3].
The next step involves the denaturation of the dsDNA at 95°C, so that the two strands separate and the primers can bind again at lower temperatures and begin a new chain reaction. Then, the temperature is decreased until it reaches the annealing temperature which can vary depending on the set of primers used, their concentration, the probe and its concentration (if used), and the cations concentration. The main consideration, of course, when choosing the optimal annealing temperature is the melting temperature (Tm) of the primers and probes (if used). The annealing temperature chosen for a PCR depends directly on length and composition of the primers. This is the result of the difference of hydrogen bonds between A-T (2 bonds) and G-C (3 bonds). An annealing temperature about 5 degrees below the lowest Tm of the pair of primers is usually used [4].
The final step of PCR amplification is the DNA extension from the primers which is done by the thermostable Taq DNA polymerase usually at 72°C, which is the optimal temperature for the polymerase to work. The length of the incubation at each temperature, the temperature alterations and the number of cycles are controlled by a programmable thermal cycler. The analysis of the PCR products depends on the type of PCR applied. If a conventional PCR is used, the PCR product is detected using agarose gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide (or other nucleic acid staining).
Conventional RT-PCR is a time consuming technique with important limitations when compared to real time PCR techniques [5]. This, combined with the fact that ethidium bromide has low sensitivity, yields results that are not always reliable. Moreover, there is an increased cross-contamination risk of the samples since detection of the PCR product requires the post-amplification processing of the samples. Furthermore, the specificity of the assay is mainly determined by the primers, which can give false-positive results. However, the most important issue concerning conventional RT-PCR is the fact that it is a semi or even a low quantitative technique, where the amplicon can be visualised only after the amplification ends.
Real time RT-PCR provides a method where the amplicons can be visualised as the amplification progresses using a fluorescent reporter molecule. There are three major kinds of fluorescent reporters used in real time RT-PCR, general non specific DNA Binding Dyes, such as SYBR Green I, TaqMan® Probes and Molecular Beacons (including Scorpions).
The real time PCR thermal cycler has a fluorescence detection threshold, below which it cannot discriminate the difference between amplification generated signal and background noise. On the other hand, the fluorescence increases as the amplification progresses and the instrument performs data acquisition during the annealing step of each cycle. Depending on its initial concentration the nucleic acid will reach the detection baseline after a specific cycle. The cycle at which the instrument can discriminate the amplification generated fluorescence from the background noise is called threshold cycle (Ct). The higher is the initial DNA concentration, the lower its Ct will be.
这里有详细解释了.70度最针对POLYMERASE,是最好的温度,让其正常工作.结束的时候马上放冰,是因为用温度骤降,让它其中没有反应掉的没有办法在两两相连.