英语翻译接上一篇 Now the government imposes a tariff of 10 percent on imported bikes.Figure 7.3 shows the consumers' view of the bicycle market with the tariff.The tariff raises the price that consumers must pay for bikes (both imported and d

英语翻译接上一篇 Now the government imposes a tariff of 10 percent on imported bikes.Figure 7.3 shows the consumers' view of the bicycle market with the tariff.The tariff raises the price that consumers must pay for bikes (both imported and d
英语翻译
接上一篇
Now the government imposes a tariff of 10 percent on imported bikes.Figure 7.3 shows the consumers' view of the bicycle market with the tariff.The tariff raises the price that consumers must pay for bikes (both imported and domestically produced) to $330.
By raising the price to $330.The tariff forces consumers who were buying the 1.6 million bikes to make a decision:
●Some will continue to buy bikes,paying $30 more per bike.
●Some will decide that a bike is not worth $330 to them,so they will not buy at the higher price.
In Figure 7.3,quantity demanded falls from D0 to D1,a decrease of 0.2 million bikes.The net loss to consumers is the shaded area a+b+c+d,because consumer surplus declines from triangle FEC to triangle FGH.Area a+b+c+d is the loss of $30 per bike of consumer surplus for those who continue to buy bikes at the higher price.Area d is the loss of consumer surplus for those who stop buying bikes.In our example,the consumer surplus loss is $45 million per year.
What domestic consumers lose from the tariff (here $45 million) is larger than what domestic producers gain ($21 million).The reason is straightforward:Producers gain the price markup on only the domestic output,while consumers are forced to pay the same price markup on both domestic output and imports.Figures 7.2 and 7.3 bring this out clearly for the bicycle example.The tariff brought bicycle producers only area a in gains,but it cost consumers this same area a plus areas b+c+d.As far as the effects on bicycle consumers and bicycle producers alone are concerned,the tariff is definitely a net loss.

英语翻译接上一篇 Now the government imposes a tariff of 10 percent on imported bikes.Figure 7.3 shows the consumers' view of the bicycle market with the tariff.The tariff raises the price that consumers must pay for bikes (both imported and d
现在政府征收的关税,对进口单车10个百分点.图7.3显示消费者的自行车市场的关税.关税提高价格,消费者必须支付自行车(进口和国产)到330美元
通过提高价格来330美元.人的关税部队消费者购买了160万辆做出决定的.
有些会继续买自行车,支付$ 30多辆自行车.
有些会决定这一辆自行车是不值得330美元给他们,这样他们就不会买在更高的价格.
在图7.3,商品的需求量下降,从D0 D1、减少0.2万辆.对消费者的净亏损的阴影区+ b + c + d,因为消费者盈余下降到三角形FGH从三角形纠错.区域+ b + c + d是30元/骑自行车的消费者盈余为那些继续买自行车在更高的价格.面积为损失的消费者盈余为那些停止买自行车.在我们的例子中,消费者盈余损失是4500万美元/年.
从国内消费者所失去的关税(这里4500万美元),比什么国内生产者增益(2100万美元).原因很简单:制作人获得价格仅对国内经济产出涨价,而消费者必须支付同样的价格在国内产量和标注进口.把这个数字和7.3 7.2出来的自行车的例子.关税的惟一领域带来了自行车生产者成本收益,但它在这同一地区消费者优先领域b + c + d.至于影响消费者和生产者单独自行车骑自行车,关税绝对是一个净亏损.