介词是甚么说明介词短语和介词

介词是甚么说明介词短语和介词
介词是甚么
说明介词短语和介词

介词是甚么说明介词短语和介词
介词 (preposition) 又称前置词,是英语中最活跃的词类之一,它表示的是它后面的名词或代词(或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句)与其他句子成分的关系.
介词可分为下列三类：
1. 简单介词,如：
about, above, across, after, against, among, at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, besides, beyond, but, by, down, during, except, for, from, in, like, near, of, off, on, over, past, round, since, through, to towards, under, until, till, up, with
2. 合成介词,如：
inside, into, onto, outside, throughout, upon, within, without
3. 短语介词,如：
according to, along with, apart from, as for, as to, because of, by means of, in front of, in spite of, instead, in accordance with, on account of, on behalf of , owing to, due to, together with, up to, with regard to, next to, prior to
介词不能单独充当句子成分,它必须与名词或相当于名词作用的成分构成介词短语才能充当 句子的成分.
二、介词短语的句法功能
1. 作定语,例如：
I have lost the key to the door of my room.
我把房间的钥匙丢了.
三、介词的固定搭配
1. At
be good at 精通于
be annoyed at 对……烦恼
be angry at 对 (事) ……发怒
(take) aim at 瞄准
laugh at 因……而发笑
stare at 盯着看,凝视
at the best 充其量
at first 开始
at large 自由地
at least 至少,起码
at length 最后,终于
at once 立即,马上
at present 现在
at rest 休息,静止不动
at times 间或,有时
He was angry at his brother's remark.
他对他兄弟的批评很恼火.
I don't know him but he has been staring at me for ten minutes.
我不认识他,但是他盯了我足有十分钟.
The foreign countries' attempt at a blockade of the port was unsuccessful.
外国试图对这个港口实施封锁,但没有成功.
I know I am at fault.
我知道我错了.
The escaped prisoner is still at large.
那逃犯仍逍遥法外.
He is at present away on his holidays.
他现在到外地度假去了.
2. About
careful about 小心
particular about 对……讲究
careless about 粗心
doubtful about 对……怀疑
sure about 肯定
concerned about 担心
a complaint about 抱怨,叫屈
bring about 导致,引起
care about 关心,介意
leave about 乱放,乱扔
fuss about 大惊小怪
anxious about 担心,想念
例如：
How did it come about?
那事是怎样发生的?
She is crazy about pop music.
她对流行音乐着了迷.
English people are always making complaints about their weather.
英国人老是埋怨天气不好.
He is enthusiastic about the music of Brahams.
他热衷于布拉姆斯的乐曲.
Harry likes eating very much but he isn't very particular about the food he eats.
哈里很爱吃,但对他所吃的食物倒并不讲究.
3. Against
fight against 反对
immune against 免除……
vote against 投票反对
protect … against 保护……免受
stand against 反对,经受住
an accusation against 控制,谴责
a prejudice against 偏见,万岁
guard against 防护
protest against 反对,抗议
rise against 起来反抗
run against 对……不利,违反
strive against 和……斗争
a defence against 防护,保卫
a protest against 抗议,反对
例如：
I protest against their criticism.
我对他们的批评提出抗议.
He made a false accusation against his boss.
他诬告上司.
Those clothes don't give you much protection against the cold.
那些衣服不能使你御寒.
He should guard against passing on disease to his family.
他应当注意别把病传给自己家里的人.
4. By
abide by 遵守
pull … by 拉住
by mistake 弄错,失误
by virtue of 靠,由于
by means of 使用
by aid of 借助于
by way of 经由
by force 以武力,强迫地
by marriage 联姻而产生的
例如：
He is by nature a kind, generous fellow.
他是个天性和蔼慷慨的人.
They sent the letter to me by mistake.
他们误把那封信送给了我.
The old Roman armies had several generals who took command by turns.
古罗马的军队由几位大将轮流指挥.
By virtue of his victory, he felt he could do what he pleased.
由于胜利,他感到可以想干什么就干什么了.
I probably know him by sight but not by name.
我大概见面认识他,不过叫不上名字.
5. For
competent for 胜任
for good 永远
for the sake of 为……缘故
for the better 好转
for the purpose of 为……目的
for a change 改变一下
for the time being 暂时
for fear of 免得
an affection for 爱,爱情
application for 申请
(make) preparation for 为……作准备
blame for 责怪,责备
cause for 理由
readiness for 为……准备就绪
an occasion for 时机,机会
contempt for 轻蔑,藐视
a demand for 需要,需求
evidence for 证据,根据
a fondness for 喜欢
a reason for 理由,原因
a respect for 尊敬,尊重
a search for 搜寻,找寻
例如：
I should like to repeat my opening remarks for the benefit of those who just came in.
我愿重复一下我的开场白,以便让刚入场的人也能听到.
She got up early to be ready for the post.
为了静心等候邮件,她一早就起床了.
New York is famous for its skyscrapers.
纽约以其摩天大楼而著称.
His excuse for being late was that his train was delayed.
他晚到的理由是火车晚点了.
This new school will have no playground for the time being.
这所新学校将暂时没有操场.
If one does not have respect for oneself, one can't expect others to respect him.
如果一个人不能自重,那么就别指望别人尊敬他.
Nobody knows the age of the earth for certain.
没有人确切知道地球的年龄.
6. From
differ from 与……不同,相异
dismiss … from 解雇,使……离职
infer … from 从……推论出
prevent … from 阻止,防碍
protect … from 保护……以免
resign from 辞职
suffer from 受……之苦
tell … from 把……与……区分开来
from a distance 从远处,远远地
from the heart 诚心诚意地
from the first 从一开始
例如：
You may even have entered the shop just to find shelter from a sudden shower.
你甚至可以到店里去避避雨.
From the first I disliked him.
从一开始我就不喜欢他.
The number of people suffering from heart disease has increased.
患心脏病的人数已经上升了许多.
Allen and I are in the same history class, but his assignment is different from mine.
爱伦和我在同一个历史班,但他的作业跟我的不同.
assist in 帮助做某事
consist in 在于
engage in 从事,参与
give in 让步,妥协
specialize in 专攻,专门研究
take in 欺骗,收容
belief in 信仰,相信
a delight in 以……为乐
an expert in 专家,能手
in fact 事实上
in the event of 万一
in one's opinion 据……见解
in bloom 开着花
in the direction of 朝……方向
in comparison with 与……比较
in possession of 拥有,占有
in view of 由于,考虑到
in any event 无论如何
in the course of 在……过程中
in short 简言之
believe in 信仰,信赖
end in 以……告终
excel in (在某方面)突出地好
invest … in 在……投资
succeed in 在……方面获得成功
participate in 参加
confidence in 信任,相信
difficulty in 困难,困境
pleasure in 高兴
a rise in 上涨,增长
(there is no) point in (做某事没)有意义
There's no harm in 不妨
a specialist in 专家
an interest in 兴趣,关心
participation in 参加
trouble in 苦恼,麻烦
interested in 对……感兴趣
fortunate in 有幸
constant in 对……持久
lacking in 缺乏
expert in 在……熟练
confident in 信任
in time 及时
in the interest of 为了……利益
例如：
We hoped that we should have confidence in each other again.
我们希望我们应再次彼此信任.
He listened in while we were discussing this question.
他窃听了我们讨论的这个问题.
In conclusion, I shall not accept the invitation.
总之,我是不会接受邀请的.
We must give up this plan for we are lacking in funds.
我们必须放弃这一计划,因为我们缺少资金.
This shop specializes in tea and coffee.
这家商店专营茶叶和咖啡.
He wants to have a rise in wages.
他想要增加工资.
In comparison with England, Ireland has a small population.
与英格兰相比,爱尔兰人口很少.
8. Into
argue … into 说服……做
frighten … into 恐吓……做
plunge into 投身于
run into 碰见
turn … into 把……变成
divide … into 把……分成
translate … into 把……翻译成
force … into 迫使……做
crash into 撞到……上
burst into 突然开始,爆发出
burst into 闯入
inquire into 调查
reason … into 说服……做
talk … into 说服……做
trick … into 诱骗……做
deceive … into 欺骗……去做
pull into 到达,开进
cut into 减轻,减少
change … into 把……变成
break into 突然闯入
例如：
On hearing the sad news, she burst into tears.
一听到这一不幸消息,她突然哭了起来.
The taxi driver pulled into a roadside restaurant to get something to eat.
出租车司机把车开到路边饭店打算吃点东西.
They frightened the old lady into signing the contract.
他们吓嘘老太太签了合同.
9. Of
worthy of 值得
tired 厌倦
considerate of 体贴
aware of 知道
conscious of 认识到
proud of 骄傲
composed of 由……组成
certain of 确信
regardless of 不管
fond of 喜爱
cautious of 小心
innocent of 清白,无罪
approve of 赞成,批准
consist of 由……组成
inform … of 通知
rob … of 抢劫
convince … of 使……确信
deprive … of 剥夺,使……丧失
dispose of 处理
suspect … of 怀疑
guilty of 犯罪
ignorant of 忽视
accuse … of 控告(某人)
assure … of 使……确信
hear of 听说
remind … of 使想起,提醒
smell of 有……气味
cure … of 治愈……病
die of 死于
speak of 谈到,提及
例如：
Mr. Green told us that he was ashamed of having a black sheep in the family.
Three students were accused of cheating in the examination.
He is worthy of the honour.
This hotel reminds me of the one we stayed in last year.
They deprived the criminal of his rights.
I was sick of her way of dancing.
10. To
access to 进入,通道
attention to 注意
exposure to 暴露
injury to 损伤,伤害
an objection to 反对
dedication to 献身,热爱
resistance to 阻力,抵抗
similarity to 类似,相似
similar to 相似,相同
indifferent to 不在乎
equal to 等于
devoted to 献身于
contrary to 违反,相反
adapt to 使习惯
amount to 相当于,等于
confess to 承认
owe … to 把……归功于
report to 报到
stick to 坚持
to a certain extent 在一定程度上
to one's satisfaction 使……满意
to the utmost 尽力
an attitude to 态度
(attach) importance to 重视
a limit 限制
contribution to 贡献,捐助
a disgrace to 耻辱
a response to 反应,响应
a visit to 访问,拜访
relevant to 对……有关
inferior to 比……下等
grateful to 感激
insensitive to 迟钝
parellel to 平行
add to 增加,加强
belong to 属于
lead to 导致
prefer to 宁可,更喜欢
sentence … to 宣判
turn to 求助于
to one's liking 合……胃口
to one's face 当面
to one's benefit 对……有益
to one's taste 合……胃口
例如：
He answered the questions to everybody's satisfaction.
他回答了问题,使人人都很满意.
The professor sometimes makes remarks that are not relevant to the topic.
有时候那位教授训一些跟主题无关的话题.
I object to the plan on the grounds that it is too expensive.
我反对这项计划,理由是费用过于庞大.
The paint came off as the result of exposure to the rain.
由于长期淋雨,油漆脱落了.
Your computer is similar to mine.
你的计算机与我的相似.
I sympathize with her only to a certain extent.
我只是在一定程度上同情她.
He dedicated his life to the cause of medicine.
他将一生献给了医学事业.
11. On
advice on 忠告,意见
an attack on 袭击,攻击
dependence on 依靠,依赖
an emphasis on 强调,重点
(keep) an eye on 照看,注意
an influence on 影响
(have) mercy on 怜悯,对…表示同情
act on 对……起作用
base on 以……为基础
concentrate … on 将(思想、精力)集中于,全神贯注
depend on 依赖、依靠
focus on 把……集中在……上
impose … on 把……强加于
live on 靠……生活,以……为主食
wait on 侍候
on the increase 正在增长
例如：
He has done a great deal of research on that subject.
他对那个专题已经进行了大量的研究.
ill with 有病
disappointed with 失望
concerned with 关心
agree with 同意 (某人的意见)
cooperate with 与……合作
do away with 废除,取消
come up with 想出
keep up with ?上
share … with 与……合用
with ease 轻易地
with reference to 关于
with respect to 关于
例如：
She came up with a new idea for increasing sales.
她想出了一个增加销售额的新主意.
He kept in touch with her family while he was overseas.
他在海外时一直与家人保持着联系.
I am very disappointed with the results of the experiment.
我对实验的结果非常失望.
They have been arrested and charged with robbery.
他们已经被逮捕,并被指挥犯有推动罪.
I have no connection with that firm.
我与那个公司没有关系.

介词
英语语法-介词
介词的定义和特征
介词是一种用来表示词与词, 词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句字成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作主语, 状语，表语，补语或介词宾语。例如:
Most of the students went to the classroom.

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介词
英语语法-介词
介词的定义和特征
介词是一种用来表示词与词, 词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句字成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作主语, 状语，表语，补语或介词宾语。例如:
Most of the students went to the classroom.
大部分学生去了教室。
We play basketball on the sports ground.
我们在操场上打蓝球。
介词常与动词,形容词,名词一起构成固定搭配。
belong to 属于 rely on 依靠
talk to 同...谈话 be afraid of 害怕
be strict with对...严格
介词一般放在名词之前。但它后面的介词宾语是疑问代词,疑问副词或者关系代词时，这些词提到了前面而只剩下介词在后了。
Where do you come from?
你是哪儿人?
Who are you talking to?
你在跟谁谈话呢?
What do you study for?
你为了什么而学习?
介词在英语词汇中所占比例很小，但它们的用法却非常灵活,复杂。下列为常用介词及含义:
about 关于,附近,大约,周围,随身.
I have bought a book about Shakespearean.
我买了一本有关莎士比亚的书。
There are about fifteen trees in the picture.
图片里大约有十五棵树。
above 在....上,高出,以上,超过,在...上游.
The plane is flying above the clouds.
飞机在云上飞行。
I think the man is above sixty years old.
我想那人有六十多岁了。
across 横过,对面,交叉,在...的对面.
Can you swim across the river？
你能游过河吗？
We live across the street.
我们住在街的对面。
after 在...后面,依照.
He went home after school.
他放学后就回家了。
Read after me, please.
请跟我朗读。
against 撞到，靠着,反对,违背,
The car hit against the tree.
汽车撞了树。
He is standing against the wall.
他靠墙站着。
along 沿着,顺着.
They are walking along the river.
他们沿着河行走。
among 在...当中.
He is the tallest among them.
他是他们当中个子最高的。
around 在...的周围,在...那一边.
They sat around the table talking the news.
他们绕桌而坐谈论新闻。
There is a drugstore around the corner.
拐角处有一家药店。
as 作为.
He doesn't like people treat him as a child.
他不喜欢人们把他当小孩子对待。
at 在...时刻,在...点钟,在...岁时, 向，在...之中，按...速度,值(卖)...钱,
He always gets up at six in the morning.
他时常早上六点钟起床。
He shot at the bird but missed it.
他向鸟射击，但是没射中。
The car goes at eighty miles an hour.
汽车以每小时八十公里的速度行驶。
before 在...的前面(位置),在...之前(时间)
He took a picture before the car.
他在汽车前照了张照片。
He can't finish his work before supper.
晚饭前他完不成工作。
behind 在...的后面(位置), 落后于，不如，
迟于,晚于(时间)
Are there any brooms behind the door.
门后有扫帚吗？
All of us are behind him in mathematics.
我们数学都不如他。
below 在...之下,低于,
There are four lights below the ceiling.
天花板下面有四盏灯。
The murderer run away below the police's eyes.
杀人犯从警察眼皮底下跑了。
beside 在...的旁边,在...之外,与...相比.
He found the body by the river.
他在河边发现了尸体。
Beside yours， my computer is too slow.
与你的计算机速度相比，我的就慢多了。
besides 除...之外,
We are all here besides Bowe.
除鲍外，我们也都来了。
between 在...两者之间,
The relations between the two countries has improved since then.
两国的关系从那以后得到了改善。
beyond 在...那边,
The shop you are looking for is beyond the street, you can't miss it.
你要找的商店在街的那边，你不会找不到的。
but 除去.
He has nothing but money.
他除钱以外什么都没有。
by 被..., 在...的近旁 , 在...之前, 不迟于, 以...为手段。
The classroom was cleaned by the students.
教室由学生们打扫干净了。
Miss Lucy came to China by air.
露西小姐是乘飞机来中国的。
down 沿着...望下。
She walked down the street.
她沿着街道走。
during 在...期间,在...时候。
During the holiday, we went to the south.
我们假期去了南方。
except 除...之外。
He knows nothing except English.
他除英语以外什么都不知道。
for 为..., 因为..., 至于... 。
He works for this company.
他为这家公司工作。
She came back to the classroom for she had left her books in the classroom.
她返回到教室是因为把书留在了那里。
from 从..., 来自..., 因为...。
Where are you from?
你是哪里人？
He died from an accident.
他死于一场事故。
in 在..., 在...之内，从事于..., 按照..., 穿着...。
He was born in 1992.
他生于1992年。
I could finish the program in two weeks.
我可以用两周时间完成这个项目。
He spend less time in reading.
他读书时间很少。
The man in black jacket is our teacher.
穿黑夹克的那个人是我们的老师。
like 象...，如同...。
The twins are like their father.
双胞胎象他们的父亲。
near 靠近....。
There are some flowers near the house.
房子附近有一些花。
of ...的，属于...。
This is a map of China.
这是一张中国地图。
off 离开...，在...之外。
The young man got off the train quickly.
那个年青人很快下了火车。
I live in a village a little way off the main road.
我住在离大路不远的一个村庄里。
on 在...之上。
My book is on the table.
我的书在桌子上。
out of 从...出来，在...之外。
The dog run out of the house.
狗从房子里跑出来。
outside ... 外边.
They are waiting outside the gate.
他们在门外等着。
over 在...之上，遍于...之上，越过...。
There is a light over the desk.
桌子上方有盏灯。
He is over sixty years old.
他有六十多岁。
past 越过...，过...，超越...。
The students walked past the post office.
学生们走过了邮局。
It is ten past two.
现在是两点十分。
round 围着...，绕过...，在...周围。
We sat round the table.
我们围着桌子坐下。
The earth goes round the sun.
地球绕着太阳转。
since 自... 以后，自...以来。
He has made great progress in English since he came into the college.
从他来到大学后，他的英语有了很大进步。
through 经过...，穿过...。
They went through the forest.
他们穿过了森林。
throughout 遍及...，在各处。
The police searched for the criminal throughout the mountain.
警察搜山寻找犯人。
till 直到...，在...以前。
He didn't come back till eleven o'clock.
他直到十一点钟才回来。
We'll be home till six.
六点以前我们都会在家。
to 到...，向...，趋于。
How long is it from here to the station？
从这儿到车站有多远？
under 在...之下，低于。
There are some footballs under the bed.
床底下有几颗足球。
These students are under seventeen years old.
这些学生们不到十七岁。
until 直到，在...以前，
Please wait for us until we come back.
请等着我们回来。
It was not until last week that I handed in mathematics paper.
直到上周，我才交了数学论文。
up 在...上面，在...上。
He went up the stairs.
他上了楼梯。
upon 在...之上，迫近...。
It's not polite to look down upon him.
蔑视他是不礼貌的。
within 在...之内。
You must finish the work within two weeks.
你必须两周内完成这项工作。
without 没有，不，在...之外。
We can't do it better without your help.
没有你的帮助，我们就做不好。
We couldn't live without air and water.
没有空气和水，我们就不可能生存。

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