动词不定式作主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语的句子(每种举5个例句)急啊~
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动词不定式作主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语的句子(每种举5个例句)急啊~
动词不定式作主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语的句子(每种举5个例句)急啊~
动词不定式作主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语的句子(每种举5个例句)急啊~
一、作主语
(1)动词不定式作主语时,谓语动词常常用单数.例如:
To do morning exercises is useful for our health.做早操有利于我们的健康.
To sweep the floor is my duty every day.每天打扫地板是我的责任.
(2)如果动词不定式太长,常常用 it 作形式主语,而将真正的主语——动词不定式后置.例如:
It took me half an hour to walk there.我走到那儿花了半小时的时间.
It’s important for us to learn English well.对我们来说,学好英语是重要的.
二、作宾语
(1)能够接动词不定式作宾语的有 ask,agree,beg,decide,determine,fail,hope,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,wish 及 would like/love 等动词,但 finish,enjoy,miss,appreciate,mind,advise,suggest 等动词后面通常只能接动名词作宾语.例如:
I hope to visit this place again.我希望能再度访问此地.
She enjoys reading very much.她非常喜欢读书.
The driver failed to see the other car in time.司机没能及时看见另一辆车.
(2)动词不定式与名等词构成复合宾语时,通常要用 it 作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语——动词不定式后置.例如:
I think it our duty to obey the laws.我认为遵守法律是我们的义务.
I found it difficult to see him here.我发现在这里见到他是很难的.
三、作补足语
(1)某些动词在主动式中后接动词不定式作宾语补足语;在被动式中,由于原来的宾语变成了主语,故原来的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语.这类动词常用的有 consider,expect,tell,want,warn,wish,invite等.例如:
They told him not to be late again.他们告诉他不要再迟到了.→He was told not to be late again.
She invited me to have dinner with her yesterday.昨天她请我一起进餐.
(2)在feel(一感),listen to,hear(二听),let,make,have(三让),look at,see,watch,notice(四看)等词之后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,强调动作的完成过程;它们作被动句的谓语时,to要补上.如:
I heard her sing today.She sang wonderfully.今天我听见她唱歌了,她唱得非常精彩.
She was heard to sing today.今天有人听见她唱歌了.
She is often heard to sing this song(by us).我们经常听见她唱这首歌.
四、作状语
⑴动词不定式作状语可表示目的、原因及结果等,其逻辑主语就是句子的主语,因此动词不定式作状语往往用主动式.例如:
Come to see me again soon.尽快再来看我.
I trembled to think of it.我一想到那件事就不寒而栗.
You couldn't do that to save your life.你即使为了救自己也不能那样做.
(2) only to do sth.与 only doing sth.都可作表示结果的状语,区别是:only to do sth.表示一个与主语愿望相反的或出乎主语意料的结果,或用来暗示最初的未能实现的动作;only doing sth.表示谓语动词本身的动作造成的结果.例如:
I worked hard,only to fail at last.我努力工作,结果最后却是失败.
He died,only leaving nothing but debts.他死了,只留下一身债
五、作表语
(1)动词不定式往往放在系动词be(,become,sound,taste 等系动词后面一般不接不定式)的后面作表语,表示将来的情况,说明主语的内容.例如:
My wish is to become a teacher.我的愿望是当一名教师.
Your job today is to clean the playground.你今天的工作是打扫操场.
(2)如果系动词后的动词说明主语的性质,特征,相当于形容词.这时就要用现在分词作表语,而不用不定式.例如:
He said that the story was interesting.他说这则故事很有趣.
六、作定语
(1)动词不定式常常放在名词或不定代词后面作后置定语,其逻辑主语往往是句子的主语,故动词不定式作定语时往往用主动式;如果动词不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语,该动词不定式要用被动式.例如:
Do you have anything to do tonight?你今晚有什么事要做吗?
I am going to Shanghai tomorrow.Do you have anything to be taken there?明天我要去上海.你有什么东西要捎去的吗?
(2)动词不定式作定语往往表示尚未发生的动作,如果动作已发生或正在发生,一般用现在分词作定语.例如:
I have no pen to write with.我没有钢笔写字.
The man standing there is Li Ming.站在那里的那个人是李明.
七、和疑问词连用:
不定式前可用what,who,which,where,when,how,why等疑问词构成不定式短语,这种短语在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语等成分.
(1)作主语.例如:
When to start has not been decided.什么时候出发还没定下来.
(2)作表语.例如:
The question is how to do the job well.问题是怎样做好这项工作.
(3)作宾语.例如:
He told me where to find the book.他告诉我了在哪找到这本书的.
Do you know how to play football?你知道怎样踢足球吗?
八、不定式的被动式
在初中阶段还涉及到动词不定式被动式的一般式,这种形式是由“to be+动词过去分词”构成的,表示“被……”之意.例如:
主语:to see is to believe. 宾语:my dream is to wander in space.状语:to be a good student,you must study hard.补语:the writer is dead,to be found in his house.定语:the clock used to strike the hour is broken.