提供一些单词的过去式和过去分词说清楚点
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提供一些单词的过去式和过去分词说清楚点
提供一些单词的过去式和过去分词
说清楚点
提供一些单词的过去式和过去分词说清楚点
动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则
动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种.
1) 规则变化
情况 例词 读音与说明
动词原形 过去式 过去分词
一般在动词原形后加-ed look
call
open
need looked
called
opened
needed looked [lukt]
called [kC:ld]
opened [5EupEnd]
needed [ni:did] ①-ed在清辅音音素后
发音为〔t〕,在浊辅音后发音为〔d〕,在元音后发音也为[d]
②-ed在〔t]、〔d〕
后发音为[id]
③但fix的过去式和过去
分词x不双写,为fixed.
以-e结尾的动词加-d move
phone
hope
agree moved
phoned
hoped
agreed moved [mu:vd]
phoned [fEund]
hoped [hEupt]
agreed [E5^ri:d]
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i,
再加-ed study
carry
try studied
studied
carried studied [5stQdid]
carried [5kArid]
tried [traid]
以原音字母加y结尾的词,直接加-ed play
enjoy
stay played
enjoyed
stayed played [pleid]
enjoyed [in5dVCid]
stayed [steid]
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,双写该辅音字母,再加-ed stop
plan
fit stopped
planned
fitted stopped [stCpt]
planned [plAnd]
fitted [5fitid]
以-r音节结尾的词,双写r字母,
再加-ed prefer
refer preferred
referred preferred [prI`f:d]
referred [ri5fE:]
2) 不规则变化
英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则,可分为五种情况.
1.动词原形、过去式和过去分词完全同形.
例:
原形 过去式 过去分词
cut(切)
hit(打)
cast(扔)
hurt(伤害)
put(放)
let(让)
shut(关)
cost(花费)
set(放)
rid(清除) cut
hit
cast
hurt
put
let
shut
cost
set
rid cut
hit
cast
hurt
put
let
shut
cost
set
rid
2.过去式与过去分词完全同形.
例:
原形 过去式 过去分词
find(找到)
pay(支付)
leave(离开)
lend(借出)
meet(遇见)
keep(保持)
lose(丢失)
teach(教)
sit(坐)
lead(引导)
win(赢)除) found
paid
left
lent
met
kept
lost
taught
sat
led
won found
paid
left
lent
met
kept
lost
taught
sat
led
won
3.动词原形与过去分词同形
例:
原形 过去式 过去分词
come(来)
run(跑)
become(成为) came
ran
became come
run
become
4.动词原形、过去式、过去分词形式完全不同.
例:
原形 过去式 过去分词
give(给)
fly(飞)
drink(喝)
see(看见)
go(去)
know(知道)
wear(穿)
speak(说) gave
flew
drank
saw
went
knew
wore
spoke given
flown
drunk
seen
gone
known
worn
spoken
5.过去式和过去分词有两种形式
例:
原形 过去式 过去分词
burn(燃烧) burned
burnt burned
burnt
learn(学习) learned
learnt learned
learnt
smell(闻) smelled
smelt smelled
smelt
spell (拼写) spelled
spelt spelled
spelt
shine (照射) shined
shone shined
shone
leap (跳) leaped
leapt leaped
leapt
提示
a.beat的过去式与原形同形:
比:beat(打击) beat(过去式) beaten(过去分词)
b.lie有规则变化和不规则变化两种,含义不同
比:lie lied,lied(说谎)
lay,lain(躺,位于)
c.hang 有规则变化和不规则变化两种,含义不同
比:hang hanged,hanged(处绞刑)
hung,hung(挂,吊)
d.welcome(欢迎)一词是规则动词,不可误用为不规则动词
比:welcome welcomed,welcomed(正)
welcome,welcome(误)
e.不要将不规则动词误用为规则动词
比:hit(打) hit,hit(正)
hitted,hitted(误)
6 现在分词的变化规则
规则 动词原形 现在分词及发音
一般在动词原形词尾加-ing,-ing发音为 [iN] go
push
play
carry going [5^EuiN]
pushing [5puFiN]
playing [pleiiN]
carrying [5kAriiN]
以不发音的e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ing take
write
leave taking [5teikiN]
writing [5raitiN]
leaving [5li:viN]
重读闭音节结尾的动词,如果词尾只有一个辅音字母,要将该辅音字母双写,再加-ing cut
stop
fit
begin
forget cutting [5kQtiN]
stopping [5stCpiN]
fitting [5fitiN]
beginning [bi5^iniN]forgetting [fE5^etiN]
以ie结尾的动词,要把ie改为y,再加-ing lie
die
tie lying [5laiiN]
dying [5daiiN]
tying [5taiiN]
1) AAA型(动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形)
cost(花费) cost cost
shut (关上) shut shut
cut(割) cut cut
spit spit/spat spit/ spat(英)
hit(打) hit hit ...
全部展开
1) AAA型(动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形)
cost(花费) cost cost
shut (关上) shut shut
cut(割) cut cut
spit spit/spat spit/ spat(英)
hit(打) hit hit
hurt 伤害) hurt hurt
let(让) let let
put(放) put put
read (读) read read
(2) AAB型(动词原形与过去式同形)
beat(跳动) beat beaten
(3) ABA型(动词原形与过去分词同形)
become(变成) became become awake awoke awoken
come(来) came come
run(跑) ran run
(4) ABB型(过去式与过去分词同形)
dig(挖)dug dug build built built
get得到got got/gotten catch caught caught
hang(吊死hangedhanged deal dealt dealt
hang(悬挂hunghung feed fed fed
hold(抓住) held held find found found
shine(照耀) shone shone sit (坐) sat sat
pay paid paid win (赢) won won
send sent sent
meet(遇见) met met
shoot shot shot keep (保持) kept kept
tell told told
sleep (睡) slept slept
win won won
feel(感觉 ) felt felt smell(扫) swept swept(闻) smelt/smelled smelt/ smelled
leave(离开) left left build(建设) built built
lend(借出) lent lent send (传送) sent sent
spend(花费) spent spent lose (丢失) lost lost
burn (燃烧) burnt burnt learn(学习) learnt learnt
mean(意思是) meant meant catch(抓住) caught caught
teach(教) taught taught bring(带来) brought brought
fight (战斗) fought fought buy(买) bought bought
think(想) thought thought hear (听见) heard heard
sell(卖) sold sold tell(告诉) told told
say(说) said said
find(找到) found found
have/has(有) had had
make(制造) made made
stand(站) stood stood understand明白understood understood
(5) ABC型(动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形)
begin(开始) began begun take(取) took taken
drink(喝) drank drunk mistake(弄错) mistook mistaken
ring(铃响) rang rung ride(骑) rode ridden
sing (唱) sang sung do(做) did done
swim(游泳) swam swum write(写) wrote written
blow(吹) blew blown
go(去)went gone
draw (画) drew drawn
lie(平躺) lay lain
fly(飞) flew flown see(看见) saw seen
grow(生长) grew grown wear (穿) wore worn
know(知道) knew known
be ( am, is, are )(是)was, were been
throw(投掷) threw thrown show(出示) showed shown
break(打破) broke broken choose(选择) chose chosen
forget(忘记) forgot forgotten (forgot) bear bore borne/born
speak(说,讲) spoke spoken draw drew drawn
wake(醒) woke woken dream dreamt/ dreamed dreamt/ dreamed
drive(驾驶) drove driven hide hid hidden
eat(吃) ate eaten lay laid laid 放置
fall(落下) fell fallen
lie lied lied 撒谎
give(给) gave given lie lay lain 躺
rise(升 高) rose risen see saw seen
shake shook shaken steal stole stolen
can----could may---might will---would shall---should
must----must
收起
1) AAA型(动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形)
cost(花费) cost cost
shut (关上) shut shut
cut(割) cut cut
spit spit/spat spit/ spat(英)
hit(打) hit hit ...
全部展开
1) AAA型(动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形)
cost(花费) cost cost
shut (关上) shut shut
cut(割) cut cut
spit spit/spat spit/ spat(英)
hit(打) hit hit
hurt 伤害) hurt hurt
let(让) let let
put(放) put put
read (读) read read
(2) AAB型(动词原形与过去式同形)
beat(跳动) beat beaten
(3) ABA型(动词原形与过去分词同形)
become(变成) became become awake awoke awoken
come(来) came come
run(跑) ran run
(4) ABB型(过去式与过去分词同形)
dig(挖)dug dug build built built
get得到got got/gotten catch caught caught
hang(吊死hangedhanged deal dealt dealt
hang(悬挂hunghung feed fed fed
hold(抓住) held held find found found
shine(照耀) shone shone sit (坐) sat sat
pay paid paid win (赢) won won
send sent sent
meet(遇见) met met
shoot shot shot keep (保持) kept kept
tell told told
sleep (睡) slept slept
win won won
feel(感觉 ) felt felt smell(扫) swept swept(闻) smelt/smelled smelt/ smelled
leave(离开) left left build(建设) built built
lend(借出) lent lent send (传送) sent sent
spend(花费) spent spent lose (丢失) lost lost
burn (燃烧) burnt burnt learn(学习) learnt learnt
mean(意思是) meant meant catch(抓住) caught caught
teach(教) taught taught bring(带来) brought brought
fight (战斗) fought fought buy(买) bought bought
think(想) thought thought hear (听见) heard heard
sell(卖) sold sold tell(告诉) told told
say(说) said said
find(找到) found found
have/has(有) had had
make(制造) made made
stand(站) stood stood understand明白understood understood
(5) ABC型(动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形)
begin(开始) began begun take(取) took taken
drink(喝) drank drunk mistake(弄错) mistook mistaken
ring(铃响) rang rung ride(骑) rode ridden
sing (唱) sang sung do(做) did done
swim(游泳) swam swum write(写) wrote written
blow(吹) blew blown
go(去)went gone
draw (画) drew drawn
lie(平躺) lay lain
fly(飞) flew flown see(看见) saw seen
grow(生长) grew grown wear (穿) wore worn
know(知道) knew known
be ( am, is, are )(是)was, were been
throw(投掷) threw thrown show(出示) showed shown
break(打破) broke broken choose(选择) chose chosen
forget(忘记) forgot forgotten (forgot) bear bore borne/born
speak(说,讲) spoke spoken draw drew drawn
wake(醒) woke woken dream dreamt/ dreamed dreamt/ dreamed
drive(驾驶) drove driven hide hid hidden
eat(吃) ate eaten lay laid laid 放置
fall(落下) fell fallen
lie lied lied 撒谎
give(给) gave given lie lay lain 躺
rise(升 高) rose risen see saw seen
shake shook shaken steal stole stolen
can----could may---might will---would shall---should
must----must
收起