过去分词的解释和用法.

过去分词的解释和用法.
过去分词的解释和用法.

过去分词的解释和用法.
过去分词（短语）作定语
We should pay attention to our spoken English.
单个过去分词作定语常放在它所修饰的名词之
前, 和它所修饰的名词存在动宾(被动)关系.
This is one of the schools built in 1980.
=This is one of the schools which were built in 1980
过去分词短语常放在它所修饰的名词之后,与
被修饰的名词之间存在动宾关系,相当于一个
定语从句,但是更简洁.
1)\x09— I ’m very thirsty.
— You’d better drink some ___ water.
A. boiling B. boil C. boiled D. to be boiled
过去分词（短语）作表语
The children were satisfied with his explanation
She looked worried.
过去分词（短语）用在系动词之后作表语,和句子主语之间存在动宾关系.
1. The rooms are ____, so you can’t move in.
A. painted B. painting
C. being painted D. to be painted
过去分词作表语和被动语态的区别
This river is polluted.（过去分词作表语,表状态）
译：这条河被污染了
This river was polluted by the chemical plant.
（过去分词构成被动语态,表动作）
译：这条河是被那家化工厂给污染的.
过去分词作表语,表状态,相当于一个形容词；在被动语态中,过去分词表动作,常由by引出动作的发出者.
The windows are closed
The windows were closed by Jack
过去分词（短语）作宾语补足语
I found the small town changed a lot.(表动作已完成)
He wants the letter typed right away.(动宾关系)
过去分词（短语）在句子中作宾语补足语表示动作已完成,
或和宾语存在动宾关系.这类句子的谓语动词通常是表示
“感知”（如see, hear, feel, watch, notice, find等)、
“意愿”（如want, wish, expect, 等) 的动词,
或是使役动词（如make, have, keep, get 等）.
1.We saw the thief_________ (catch) by the police.
过去分词（短语）作状语
过去分词（短语）作状语,修饰谓语,常常表示时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等,相当于对应的状语从句.它和主句的主语存在动宾关系.
a、表示时间
Seen from space, the earth looks blue.
When it is seen from space, the earth looks blue.
b、表示条件
Kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain
fresh.
If they are kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.
c、表示原因
Deeply moved by the movie, the girls began to cry.
As they were deeply moved by the movie, the girls began to cry.
d、表示伴随情况
She walked out of the house, followed by her daughter.
She walked out of the house, and was followed by her
daughter.
e、表示让步
Beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret.
Although he was beaten by the enemy, he refused to
let out the secret.
1._____ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receiving \x09\x09 B. Receiving not
C. Not having received \x09 D. Having not received
2. ____in her new skirt ,she tried to make herself ____at the party .
A. Dressed; noticed B. Dressing; noticed
C. Dressed; noticing D. Dressing; being noticing
3. ____ better attention , the vegetables could have grown better
A. Giving B. Given C. Give D. To give