初一英语上册知识点
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初一英语上册知识点
初一英语上册知识点
初一英语上册知识点
[第一类] 名词类
1. 这些女老师们在干什么?
[误] What are the woman teachers doing?
[正] What are the women teachers doing?
[析] 在英语中,当一名词作定语修饰另一名词(单或复数形式)时,作定语的名词一般要用其单数形式;但当man, woman作定语修饰可数名词复数形式时,要用其复数形式men, women.
2. 房间里有多少人?
[误] How many peoples are there in the room?
[正] How many people are there in the room?
[析] people作“人、人们”解时,是个集合名词,其单复数同形.
3. 我想为我儿子买两瓶牛奶.
[误] I want to buy two bottle of milk for my son.
[正] I want to buy two bottles of milk for my son.
[析] 表示不可数名词的数量时,常用“a / an或数词+表量的可数名词+ of + 不可数名词”这一结构,其中当数词大于1时,表量的可数名词要用其复数形式.
[第二类] 动词类
4. 你妹妹通常什么时候去上学?
[误] What time does your sister usually goes to school?
[正] What time does your sister usually go to school?
[析] 借助助动词do(或does)构成疑问句或否定句时,句中的谓语动词用其原形.
5. 琳达晚上经常做作业,但今晚她在看电视.
[误] Linda often do her homework in the evening, but this evening she watching TV.
[正] Linda often does her homework in the evening, but this evening she is watching TV.
[析] 在初一英语学习阶段,我们接触到了两种主要时态:一般现在时和现在进行时.一般现在时表示经常的或习惯性的动作,常和often, usually, sometimes 等时间状语连用.在一般现在时的句子中,若主语是第三人称单数,谓语动词要用其第三人称单数形式.现在进行时表示现阶段正在进行或发生的动作,现在进行时由be(am / is / are)+ving形式构成.
6. 这双鞋是红色的.
[误] This pair of shoes are red.
[正] This pair of shoes is red.
[析] 在shoes, trousers, gloves, glasses等表示成双成对的衣物或工具名词前用pair(表计量)修饰时,谓语动词的形式由pair的单复数形式来决定.
[第三类] 代词类
7. 这张票是她的,不是我的.
[误] This is hers ticket. It’s not my.
[正] This is her ticket. It’s not mine.
[析] 物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词之分.形容词性物主代词之后一定要接名词,而名词性物主代词之后不需接任何词.
8. 吴老师教我们英语.
[误] Miss Wu teaches our English.
[正] Miss Wu teaches us English.
[析] teach sb. sth..中的sb.作teach的宾语,因此当sb.为人称代词时要用其宾格形式.
[第四类] 介词类
9. 你能找到这个问题的答案吗?
[误] Can you find the answer of this question?
[正] Can you find the answer to this question?
[析] 英语中用“the answer to …”表示“……的答案”.类似结构还有the key to the door, the way to the zoo等.
10. 格林先生星期六上午来这里.
[误] Mr. Green will come here in Sunday evening.
[正] Mr. Green will come here on Sunday evening.
[析] 表示在上午、下午等时,介词要用in;而表示在具体的某天上午、下午时,介词要用on.
11. 那个穿着红裙子的小女孩是我们老师的女儿.
[误] That little girl on a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter.
[正] That little girl in a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter.
[析] 用介词表示“穿戴衣物”时,只能用in,其他介词没有此用法.
[第五类] 副词类
12. 莉莉,你为什么不回家呢?
[误] Lily, why don’t you go to home?
[正] Lily, why don’t you go home?
[析] come, go 等后接here, there, home等地点副词时,地点副词前不加to.
[第六类] 连词类
13. 我喜欢语文和英语,但我不喜欢体育和历史.
[误] I like Chinese and English, but I don’t like P.E. and history.
[正] I like Chinese and English, but I don’t like P.E. or history.
[析] 在肯定句中并列成分之间用and来连接;而在否定句中,并列成分之间的连接需用or.
[第七类] 冠词类
14. 乘飞机去北京花了史密斯一家人一个小时.
[误] It takes Smiths a hour to go to Beijing by a plane.
[正] It takes the Smiths an hour to go to Beijing by plane.
[析] 1.表示“……一家人”用结构“the + 姓氏复数”;
2.our 一词的第一个字母不发音,它是以元音音素开头的,所以“一小时”要用 an hour;
3.用介词by表示“乘坐”某种交通工具时,交通工具名词前不加任何冠词.
[第八类] 句法类
15. ――你不是学生吗? ――不,我是学生.
[误] ――Aren’t you a student? ――No, I am.
[正] ――Aren’t you a student? ――Yes, I am.
[析] 对否定疑问句的回答是用Yes还是用No,这取决于实际情况:如果事实是肯定的,就用Yes表“不”;如果事实是否定的,就用No表“是的”.
2. 房间里有多少人?
[误] How many peoples are there in the room?
[正] How many people are there in the room?
[析] people作“人、人们”解时,是个集合名
[第一类] 名词类
[第二类] 动词类
[第三类] 代词类
[第四类] 介词类
[第五类] 副词类
[第六类] 连词类
[第七类] 冠词类
[第八类] 句法类
简单句的成分及主谓一致的原则。 最基本构成:主语+谓语+宾语,其中 谓语由动词来充当。 主谓一致原则,就是句子上的谓语要始终与主语保持数量上的一致性。当主语是第三人称单数(简称“三单”)是,谓语动词也要 初一英语上册知识点 人教版一、48个国际音标及26个英文字母的正确书写要熟练掌握元音和辅音,5个元音字母(a,&nbs...
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简单句的成分及主谓一致的原则。 最基本构成:主语+谓语+宾语,其中 谓语由动词来充当。 主谓一致原则,就是句子上的谓语要始终与主语保持数量上的一致性。当主语是第三人称单数(简称“三单”)是,谓语动词也要 初一英语上册知识点 人教版一、48个国际音标及26个英文字母的正确书写要熟练掌握元音和辅音,5个元音字母(a, e, i, o, u),字母的正确占格及单词间 距。二、be动词的用法be动词有三种变形,分别是:am, is, are。记忆口诀:“我”用am, “你”用are, is用于“他、她、它”;单数全都用is,复数全部都用are。三、人称及人称代词的不同形式(主格和宾格)1、三种人称:第一人称(I, we),第二人称(you, you),第三人称(he, she,it, Maria)。2、人称代词的主格,即人称代词位于句子主语位置时的形态:I, We, You, You,He, She, It, Maria。3、人称代词的宾格,即人称代词位于句子宾语位置时的形态:me, us, you, you,him, her, it。4、形容词性物主代词:my, our, your, your, his, her, its, their。5、名词性物主代词:mine, ours, yours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs。6、反身代词:myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself,themselves。四、基数词(表示数量多少的词,大致相当于代数里的自然数)zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve,thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty,twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three,twenty-four, twenty-five, twenty-six,twenty-seven, twenty-eight, twenty-nine, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty,seventy, eighty,ninety, one hundred,one hundred and one。五、一般疑问句及特殊疑问句1、一般疑问句:能用Yes或No来回答的问句。一般疑问句句尾读升调。2、特殊疑问句:不能用Yes或No来回答的问句。特殊疑问句句尾读降调。六、可数名词变复数可数名词变复数时,有规则变化和不规则变化两种。1、规则变化:1) 一般情况直接在词尾加“-s ”, 如: cake-cakes, bag-bags, day-days, face-faces,orange-oranges等;2)以s, x, sh, ch结尾的词,要在词尾加“-es ”,如:bus-buses, watch-watches,box-boxes等;3)以辅音字母加y结尾的词,变y为i再加“-es ”,如:baby-babies,country-countries, family-families等;4)部分以f (e)结尾的词,变f (e)为“ves ”,如:knife-knives, half-halves等;5) 以o结尾的词, 加“-s ”或“-es ”, 如: zoo-zoos, photo-photos, tomato-tomatoes,potato-potatoes等。记忆口诀:除了“英雄”hero外,凡是能吃的,加“-es ”,不 能吃的加“-s ”。2、不规则变化:1)改变单数名词中的元音字母:man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth等;2)单、复同形:sheep-sheep, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese等;3)其他形式:mouse-mice, child-children等。七、简单句的成分及主谓一致原则最基本构成:主语+谓语+宾语,其中谓语由动词来充当。主谓一致原则,就是句子的谓语要始终与主语保持数量上的一致性。当主语是第三人称单数(简称“三单”)时,谓语动词也要相应变成单数形式;当主语非“三单”时,谓语动词就用原形。实意动词变“三单”的规则如下:1)一般动词在词尾加“-s ”,如:like-likes, tell-tells, play-plays等;2)以字母s, x,ch, sh结尾的动词加“-es ”,如:guess-guesses, teach-teaches,watch-watches等;3)以o结尾的动词一般加“-es ”,如:do-does, go-goes等;4)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先变y为i,再加“-而是”,如:fly-flies, carry-carries等;5)have的三单形式是has。八、冠词的用法(名词前面必须要有冠词)冠词分为定冠词(the)和不定冠词(a, an)两种。1、定冠词the表示“特指”,可译为“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”。2、不定冠词a, an用来表明(可数)名词的数量是“一个”。an用于以元音开头(注意不是以元音字母开头)的单词前,a则英语非元音开头的单词前。3、不定冠词a, an与基数词one的区别是:不定冠词不是刻意强调“数量”,而基数词则强调“数量”。九、助动词(do, does )的用法只有实意动词作谓语时才涉及使用助动词。以like为例:1)当句子为肯定句时不涉及使用助动词,只涉及“主谓一致”原则。eg : I like English a lot.Michael likes Chinese food very much.2)当句子为否定句时,要根据主语的人称来决定使用相应的助动词:当主语为“三单”时,要使用does;当主语为“非三单”时,用助动词原形do。例如把下列句子变否定句:Kangkang likes math.----Kangkang doesn't like math.They like sports.------They don't like sports.3)当句子变疑问句时,同样要根据句子的主语来决定在句首使用Do或Does.例如下列句子变问句:Michael likes Chinese Food.----Does Michael like Chinese food? Yes, hedoes./ No, he doesn't.Jane and Helen like music.----Do Jand and Helen like music? Yes, they do./No, they don't.十、名词所有格1、Kangkang's books;Tom and Helen's desk; Ann's and Maria's bikes;2、用of表示“......的”,但要从of后往of前翻译:a book of mine(我的一本书)3、have与of的区别:have一般表示“主动拥有”,往往用于有生命的人或动物;无生命的物体一般不能“主动拥有”,表示所属关系时要用of。例如:I have a new bike. She has two big eyes.a door of the house十一、课本中的知识点1、Unit 1 ——Unit 21)问候语:Good morning/ afternoon/ evening.How are you?---Just OK, thank you. How are you?---Not bad, thanks.Hi! Hello!How do you do?2)道别用语:Nice/ Glad to meet/ see you.(meet用于初次见面,see用于熟人间)Nice to meet/ see you, too.Goodbye. Byebye. Bye. See you (later/ tomorrow/ next time)! So long! Goodnight!3)介绍人或者物的句型:This is...4)Excuse me.与I'm sorry.的区别:Excuse me.是要引起对方的注意,而I'm sorry.则是向对方道歉。5)词组be from = come fromin English5)当问句中问到this/ that时,回答要用it;问到these/ those时,要用they来回答。 例如: What's this in English?----It's an eraser.What are those?----They are books.6)对Thanks.的回答:That's OK./ You're welcome./ My pleasur.7)look the same = have the same looksgive sth. to sb. = give sb. sth.be like = look likein the tree/ on the tree (树上结的、长出来的用on,否则用in)in red(穿着红色的衣服)in the desk(在空间范围之内)in English(用英语)help sb. do sth.8)both与all的区别:both表示“两者都......”;all表示“三者及以上都......”。2、Unit 3——Unit 41)speak的用法speak与say不同:speak表示“说”的动作,不表示“说”的内容;say则表示“说”的内容。speak后面除了能接“语言”外,不能直接接东西,后面加了to则表示“对......说”。help sb. with sth.(帮助某人做/补习......)want to do sth.(想要做某事)would like to do sth.not...at all(一点都不);Not at all.(没关系/别介意)like...a lot = like...very much2)some和any的区别:口诀:some用于肯定句,否定、疑问变any。例如:I have some money.I don't have any money.Do you have any money?3)have a seat = take a seat(请随便坐)4)祈使句(表示命令或请求的句子)祈使句一般都省略了主语You,所以其否定句直接用Don't开头。例如:Don't go there!5)问职业:What does sb. do?What is sb.?What's sb.'s job?6)work与job的区别:work是未必有报酬的“工作”,例如homework, housework;而job则一定是有报酬的“工作”。7)on指在物体的表面,不论这个面是否水平的,例如:on the desk/ wall/ farm/ playground8)in hospital(住院);in the hospital(在医院里)look after(照料/照顾/照看)help oneself(请自便/随便吃)9)表示“建议”的句型:“做某事如何?”What about (doing) sth.? (英式英语)How about (doing) sth.? (美式英语)Why don't you do sth.? = Why not do sth.?10)“吃”一日三餐要用have:have breakfast/ lunch/ supperhave...for breakfast/ lunch/ suppertake one's orderbe kind to sb.11)try on这个词组可合可分:名词可以放在这个词组的中间或后面,但代词只能放在词组的中间。12)在口语中往往用take表示“买”。13)how many与how much的区别:how many + 可数名词;how much + 不可数名词14)What do you think of...? 是询问对方对某事物的看法;How do you like...? 是问对方对某事物喜欢的程度。think about(考虑)Thank you all the same. (即使对方没能帮上忙,也要礼貌道谢)Thanks. = Thank you.(thank作为动词,不能单独使用。)15)one与it的区别:当上下文说的是同一种类事物时,任意一个可以用one来代替;如果上下文所说的是同一个事物时则用it。例如:Ann :I have a yellow bag.Jane :I have a green one.Tom : Hey, Mike. Where is your bike?Mike : Look, it's over there.16)倒装句Here you are.Here it is.17)be free (有空/免费)forget to do sth.(忘了去做某事)forget doing sth.(忘了做过某事)What's up? = What's wrong with...? = What's the matter with...?18)go + v.-ing结构的含义:为了实现某目的才去的。例如:go fishing/ boating/ swimming/ shopping等19)have to do sth.(非主观因素,强调客观因素,“不得不去做某事”)must 则表示主观愿望20)fly a kite = fly kitesbe free = have time21)时间的表述当分针所指的时间大于0分、小于等于30分钟时,用“分钟”past“小时”。例如:8:23——twenty-three past eight当分针所指的时间大于30分钟、小于60分钟时,用“剩余的时间”to“下一个整点”。例如:8:49——eleven to nine当然,还可以直接按照小时、分钟去读出时间,例如:8:23——eight twenty-three; 8:49——eight forty-nine整点则在数词后加“-o'clock”,例如:8:00——eight o'clock在钟点前介词要用at.22)句型“该干某事了。”:It's time to do sth. = It's time for sth.例如:该吃午饭了.It's time to have lunch. = It's time for lunch.
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1、指示词this、that、these、those的用法
2、冠词的用法
3、单复数
预备单元出现了冠词的应用,
第一单元讲的是代词,
第二单元讲家庭成员,
第三单元是含有系动词的句子变否定句和疑问句,
第四单元讲介词的用法,
五六单元讲一般现在时,
第七单元讲询问价钱