亲们.有谁能告诉我英语的所有时态定义和用法

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亲们.有谁能告诉我英语的所有时态定义和用法
亲们.有谁能告诉我英语的所有时态定义和用法

亲们.有谁能告诉我英语的所有时态定义和用法
英语共有十六个时态、四个体.(注:四个体为——一般、进行、完成、完成进行.)
  英语中的四个体相当于法语、西班牙语以及所有印欧语系罗曼语族中的式,如:直陈式,命令式等.
(1)一般现在时
  基本形式(以do为例):
  第三人称单数:does(主语为非第三人称单数);
  肯定句:主语+动词原形+其他;
  He works for us.
  否定句:主语+don‘t/doesn't+动词原形+其他;
  He doesn't work for us.
  一般疑问句:Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他.
  肯定回答:Yes,(+ 主语+do/does).
  否定回答:No,(+主语+don't/doesn't.)
  特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句语
  Does he work for us?
  Yes, he does.
  No, he doesn't
  What does he do for us?
  He works for us.
(2)一般过去时
  be动词+行为动词的过去式
  否定句式:在行为动词前加didn‘t,同时还原行为动词,或was/were+not;
  was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词
  例如: Did he work for us?
  He didn't work for us.
  He worked for us.
(3)一般将来时
  am/are/is+going to+do 或
  will/shall+do
  am/is/are/about to + do
  am/is/are to + do;
  一般将来时的表达方法
  be going to +动词原形
  be +不定式,be to+动词原形,be about to +动词原形
  be able to +不定式
  be about to+动词原形
  will + 动词原形;
  例如:He is going to work for us.
  He will work for us;
  He is coming.这是特殊的用一般现在时 表达 将来时态 的例子!
(4)过去将来时
  be(was,were)going to+动词原形
  be(was,were)about to+动词原形
  be(was,were)to+动词原形
  肯定句:主语+be(was,were)going to+动词原形~.
  否定句:主语+be(was,were)not going to+动词原形~.
  疑问句:Be(Was,Were)+主语+going to+动词原形~?
  肯定句:主语+would(should)+动词原形~.
  否定句:主语+would(should)not+动词原形~.
  疑问句:Would(Should)+主语+动词原形~?
  He would work for us.
(5)现在进行时
  主语+be+v.ing〔现在分词〕形式(其中v表示动词)
  表示现在正在进行的动作或最近在做的事.
  例如:I am buying a book.
  第一人称+am+doing+sth
  第二人称+are+doing +sth (doing是泛指所有的v-ing形式)
  第三人称+is+doing+sth
  例:He is working.
(6)过去进行时
  肯定句:主语+was/were+doing+其它
  否定句:主语+was/were+not+doing+其它
  一般疑问句及答语:Was/Were+主语+doing+其它 ;答语:Yes,I主语+was/were./No,I主语+wasn't/weren't.
  特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+doing+其它
  He was working when he was alive.
(7)将来进行时
  主语+will + be +现在分词
  He will be working for us.=He will work for us.
(8)过去将来进行时
  should(would)+be+现在分词
  He said that he would be working for us.=He said that he would work for us.
(9)现在完成时
  基本结构:主语+have/has+过去分词(done)
  ①肯定句:主语+have/has+过去分词+其他
  ②否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他
  ③一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他
  ④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词+其他\
  He has worked for us for ten years.
  Has he worked for us for ten years.
(10)过去完成时
  基本结构:主语+had+过去分词(done)
  ①肯定句:主语+had+过去分词+其他
  ②否定句:主语+had+not+过去分词+其他
  ③一般疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词+其他
  肯定回答:Yes,主语+had
  否定回答:No,主语+hadn't
  ④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(had+主语+过去分词+其他)
  语法判定:
  ( 1 ) by + 过去的时间点.如:
  I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.
  ( 2 ) by the end of + 过去的时间点.如:
  We had learnt over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
  ( 3 ) before + 过去的时间点.如:
  They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
(11)将来完成时
  (shall)will+have+动词过去分词
  before+将来时间或by+将来时间
  before或by the time引导的现在时的从句
  He will have worked for us.=He will work for us.
(12)过去将来完成时
  should / would have done sth.
  He said that he would have worked for us.=He said that he would work for us.
(13)现在完成进行时
  基本与现在完成时相同,但是现在完成进行时只能表示仍然持续的概念
  have/has been +-ing 分词
  He has been working for us for ten years.=He has worked for us for ten years.
(14)过去完成进行时
  had been +-ing 分词
  He said that he had been working for us for ten years.=He said that he had worked for us for ten years.
(15)将来完成进行时
  主语+ shall/will have been doing
  He will have been working for us.=He will work for us.
  翻译为:他最近一直在为我们工作(过去在工作,现在在工作,将来还会工作)
(16)过去将来完成进行时
  should+have been+现在分词用于第一人称
  would have been+现在分词用于其他人称
  He said that he would have been working for us.=He said that he would work for us.
  举例:
  英语中有12个主要时态,都来自于三时(过去、现在、将来)
  现在以I listen为例,举例英语中有12个主要时态如下所示:
  一般现在时:I listen
  现在进行时:I am listening
  过去进行时:I was listening
  现在完成时:I have listened
  现在完成进行时:I have been listening
  一般将来时:I shall listen”或“I will listen.”
  将来进行时:I shall be listening
  一般过去时:I listened
  过去完成时:I had listened
  过去完成进行时:I had been listening
  将来完成时: I shall have listened
  将来完成进行时: I shall have been listening
  英语中不存在属格
  一个普遍的误解是在英语中只存在一个以“'s”结尾表示所属的属格.然而,语言学家已经表明英语的所有格完全不是一个格,而是一个独立的词并且在书写和发音上都不是前一个词的一部分,这可以有下面这个句子表明:The King of Sparta's wife was called Helen.(斯巴达国王的妻子叫做海伦.)如果“'s”是属格,那么“妻子”(wife)就属于“斯巴达”(Sparta),但是“'s”并不是只表示“斯巴达”(Sparta),而是表示“斯巴达国王”(King of Sparta).
  上面这个例子并不表明英语没有自己的属格;但是它现在已经发展成为另一个形式.在古英语中,ban的属格形式是banes.后来在现代英语中,这个发展成为了使用“'s”表示的“bone's”.在18世纪,人们对此的解释是省略号代替了一个属格代词,就像“the King's horse”是“the King, his horse”的缩写.但是这个解释是不正确的.人们更相信是省略号代替了古英语中的“e”.
  英语和“与格”
  在现代英语中,与格不再是英语语法的一部分,它只出现在一些表达用语中.一个很好的例子是单词methinks(据我看来).它来源于古英语的与格形式变化:me(与格的人称代词)+thinks(to seem,与动词词组to think很接近的一个词组). 与格在英语中可以不要前置词,例如在“He built me a snowman.”中一样.在这个例子中,“me”是与格.
  英语中不可把被动语态作为一种时态
  在部分英语教材中,由于编者自身对被动语态的理解或其他原因,错误的将被动语态当成一种时态,但其实,被动语态是一种语态,不可能当作时态.在英国,这是一个常识.因此,在英国,如果有人犯了这种错误,简直是贻笑大方.