(英语语法)过去完成时与过去完成进行时具体有什么区别啊?
来源:学生作业帮助网 编辑:作业帮 时间:2024/11/17 22:16:44
(英语语法)过去完成时与过去完成进行时具体有什么区别啊?
(英语语法)过去完成时与过去完成进行时具体有什么区别啊?
(英语语法)过去完成时与过去完成进行时具体有什么区别啊?
举个例子
he had finished his homework
he had been working with Sam for 3 hours
这都是不完整的句子,设计一个过去时间点,比如说昨晚8点,但是第一个表示的是结果性的,就是他做完了没有,他可能在8点之前就做完了,可能还干了点别的.但是第2个句子就是他一直在做,到8点的时候,他已经做了3个小时了,并且他可能仍然在做.
现在完成时:
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状 态,其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去 但它的影响现在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或 状态。其构成: have (has) +过去分词。
2。将来完成时
1) 构成will / be going to do sth.
2) 概念
a. 状态完成:表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一...
全部展开
现在完成时:
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状 态,其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去 但它的影响现在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或 状态。其构成: have (has) +过去分词。
2。将来完成时
1) 构成will / be going to do sth.
2) 概念
a. 状态完成:表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。
b. 动作完成:表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前,已经完成的动作或一获得的经验。
They will have been married for 20 years by then.
You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.
3。过去进行时的基本用法
a.过去进行时表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作,常和表过去的时间状语连用,如:
I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.昨天的这个时候我正在做作业。
They were expecting you yesterday.他们昨天一直在等待。
b.过去进行时可与soon, the next moment, in minutes, minutes later等时间状语连用,表示一个新的
动作刚刚开始。如:
Soon the whole town was talking about it.不久镇上的人就都谈论起这种事了。
c.过去进行时可用来申述原因或用作借口,这种用法常用在口语中。如:
-- Have you finished your homework, Mary?玛丽,你作业做完了吗?
-- No, I was helping my mother is the kitchen all day yesterday.还没呢,我昨天一天都帮妈妈在厨
房干活。
d.过去进行时可用来为一个后一系列动作的发生提供背景。如:
I hurt my leg when I was riding a bike.我在骑车时把腿摔坏了。
e.过去进行时可表示过去未曾实现的愿望或打算,这时be动词was/were要重读。如:
I was writing him a letter this morning and forgot all about it .我本该今天早上给他写信的
,后来全给忘了。
I was seeing her tomorrow. 我本来打算明天会见她。
He was watching the play yesterday, but he was too busy. 他昨天本来要看那场戏的,可是太忙
了。
过去完成时:
过去进行时表示过去某一段时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作。常与之连用的时间状语有,at that
time/moment, (at) this time yesterday (last night/Sunday/week…), at+点钟+yesterday (last
night / Sunday…),when sb. did sth等时间状语从句。
What were you doing at seven p.m. yesterday?昨天晚上七点你在干什么?
I first met Mary three years ago. She was working at a radio shop at the time.我第一次遇到玛丽
是在三年前,当时她在一家无线电商店工作。
I was cooking when she knocked at the door.她敲门时我正在做饭。
(3)一般过去时往往表示某一动作已经完成,而过去进行时却表示动作在持续或未完成。如:
I saw you while you were speaking to the teacher.你在和老师谈话时我看见了你。
注意:有的过去时间状语既可用于一般过去时,也可用于过去进行时,但含义不同。如:
She wrote a letter to her friend last night.她昨晚给她的朋友写了封信。(信写完了)
She was writing a letter to her friend last night.她昨晚一直在给她的朋友写信。(信不一定写完)
现在完成进行时
1. 形式:have(has)+been+现在分词,以work为例:
肯定式:
IYouWehave
HeSheIthasbeen working.
否定式:
IYouWehave
HeSheIthasnot been working.
疑问式:
haveIYouWe
HasHeSheItbeen working?
2. 用法
现在完成进行时表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。现在这个动作可能刚刚终
止,也可能仍在进行。
I have been sitting here all afternoon.
我在这儿坐了一下午了。
How long has it been raining?
雨下了多久了?
They have been fighting for independence since 1960s.
他们从60年代以来一直为独立而斗争。
3?现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别
1)现在完成进行时一般强调过去发生的动作现在仍在继续。
现在完成时强调过去发生的动作现在已经完成或表示曾经发生过。
I have been writing an article.
我一直在写一篇文章。(仍在)
I have written an article.
这已写好一篇文章。(已完成)
I have been reading that book since last week.
上周以来,我一直在读那本书。(还在读)
I have read that book before.
以前我曾读过那本书。(动作在过去曾经发生过)
2) 现在完成进行时表示刚刚结束的动作,强调动作在不久前持续进行,带有感
情色彩。
现在完成时表示已经结束的动作,强调动作的结果。
Where have you been? We have been looking for you everywhere.
你到哪里去了?我们到处在找你。(表示刚刚结束的动作)
We have looked for him, but haven't found him.
我们找过他,但没有找到他。(表示动作已结束,强调支作的结果)
3) 现在完成进行时表示现在以前的这段时间内反复发生的事情。
All these years they have been contributing articles to our magazine.
这些年来,创立们一直为我们杂志写稿。
We have been seeing quite alot of each other recently.
最近我们常常见面。
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。
它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。
具体如下:
过去完成时的基本用法
(1)表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作,即“过去的过去”。可以用by,
before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示,也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示,还可能通过上下文来表示。例如:
By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the
spaceship.到昨晚9点钟,我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。
(2)表示由过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。例如:
I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally
came.当车来的时候,我在车站已等了20分钟。
He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。
(3)叙述过去发生的事情,在已叙述了过去发生的事情后,反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时,常使用过去完成时。例如:
Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of
mine.史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。
I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my
lesson.我对动词一无所知,因为我没有好好学习功课。
(4)在含有定语从句的主从复合句中,如果叙述的是过去的事,先发生的动作常用过去完成时。例如:
I returned the book that I had borrowed.我已归还了我借的书。
She found the key that she had lost.她丢失的钥匙找到了。
(5)过去完成时常常用在宾语从句(或间接引语)中,这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。例如:
He said that he had known her well.他说他很熟悉她。
I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。
(6)在包含有when,
until等连词的复合句中,如果主句谓语动词和从句谓语动词所表示的过去动作不是同时发生的,那么先发生的动作通常用过去完成时表示。例如:
When I woke up, it had already stopped raining.我醒来时雨已停了。
She didn’t go to bed until she had finished he work.她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。
注意:如果两个动作紧接着发生,则常常不用过去完成时,特别是在包含before和after的复合句中,因为这时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确,这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。例如:
After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his
English.马克思到达英格兰之后,努力提高他的英语水平。
(7)动词think, want, hope, mean, plan,
intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法,希望,打算或意图等。例如:
They had wanted to help but could not get there in
time.他们本来打算去帮忙,但没有及时赶到那里。
We had hoped to be able to come and see you .我们本来希望能来看看你。
(8)过去完成时还可用在hardly…when…, no sooner…than…, It was the first (second, etc)
time (that)…等固定句型中。例如:
Hardly had he began to speak when the audience interrupted
him.他刚开始演讲,听众就打断了他。
No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.他刚到就又走了。
It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.这是他那一年第三次失业了。
收起
过去完成时
1) 概念:表示过去的过去
----|-------|-----|---->其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前 那时 现在
2) 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris. ...
全部展开
过去完成时
1) 概念:表示过去的过去
----|-------|-----|---->其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前 那时 现在
2) 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
c. 表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
典型例题
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B,were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前,因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去,用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点,表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下,when所引导的动作发生。因此
前一句应用过去进行时。
注意: had no … when 还没等…… 就……
had no sooner… than 刚…… 就……
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
过去进行时
1) 概念:表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
2) 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景;一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生。
3) 常用的时间状语
this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
It was raining when they left the station.
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
典型例题
1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情,应用过去时。同 时,when表时间的同时性,"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景,因此用过去进行时。
2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
read; was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read;fell
答案B.句中的as = when, while,意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时,用过去进行;一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时,奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时),是系动词,后跟形容词,如:fall sick。
收起