帮忙翻译一下英文（通信类的）IN telecommunication services are mainly programmed in procedural languages based onproprietary hardware and software. The IN service model introduces the concept of servicescripts that specify the logic to f

帮忙翻译一下英文（通信类的）IN telecommunication services are mainly programmed in procedural languages based onproprietary hardware and software. The IN service model introduces the concept of servicescripts that specify the logic to f
帮忙翻译一下英文（通信类的）
IN telecommunication services are mainly programmed in procedural languages based on
proprietary hardware and software. The IN service model introduces the concept of service
scripts that specify the logic to form a new service from elementary building blocks. But some important problems still exist. One problem is that the model does not take advantage of modern object-oriented (OO) techniques, as discussed below. Another problem is that the granularity of basic IN building blocks is inconsistent. Some blocks, such as Service Data Management, represent very complex operations that can treat any kind of service data. Other blocks, such as Comparison, represent simple calculation capabilities. The difficulty of reusing these building blocks makes many telephony vendors develop their own proprietary building blocks (Zuidweg 2002).
Modern OO programming techniques have proven to be more modular than procedural
programming techniques. Objects are reusable software building blocks that encapsulate
both data and related processing codes. Objects can be envisioned as service providers
in the sense that they provide services to other objects, and to achieve this, they utilize services from other objects. Well-defined objects have atomic functionalities and maintain a clean interface for controlled access and easy service provisioning. Furthermore, because real implementation is hidden from external access, by keeping the interface unchanged, the implementation of objects can be changed without affecting the overall program. Such characteristics greatly benefit application modification, adaptation, and maintenance.
The service APIs discussed in this chapter mainly use OO techniques. JAIN is specified in Java, so it is OO by design. Parlay is specified in the Unified Modeling Language (UML), so it has the advantage of being language independent. Automatic tools exist to convert the UML to specific Interface Definition Languages (IDLs), like CORBA IDL and Microsoft IDL. Translations from UML to specific programming languages like C++ and Java are also possible. While in principle these translations could be done automatically, the resulting specification is likely to be very hard to read and understand. Nonetheless, translation rules have been devised to make the translation process fairly straightforward.
The various standardization bodies and industrial interest groups have produced a considerable amount of work in this area. This chapter first discusses the strengths and limitations of existing API efforts (for example, Parlay/OSA, JAIN, and OMA) as well as other API approaches that have been suggested for advanced network architectures. Following that is a short description of our approach to developing a layered API model for XG mobile networks. Finally, the chapter concludes with some observations on future work.

帮忙翻译一下英文（通信类的）IN telecommunication services are mainly programmed in procedural languages based onproprietary hardware and software. The IN service model introduces the concept of servicescripts that specify the logic to f
电信服务在基于的程序语言主要被编程
proprietary硬件和软件. 在服务模型介绍服务的概念 指定逻辑形成从基本的积木的一项新的服务的scripts. 但是一些重要问题仍然存在. 一个问题是模型不利用现代面向对象的(OO)技术,如下所述. 另一个问题是粒度基本在积木是不一致的. 有些块,例如服务数据管理,代表非常可能对待任何服务数据的复杂操作. 其他块,例如比较,代表简单的演算能力. 重复利用这些积木困难使许多电话供营商开发他们自己私有的积木(Zuidweg 2002).
Modern OO编程技术比程序证明模件
programming技术. 对象是浓缩的可再用的软件积木
both数据和关连处理代码. 对象可以被构想作为服务供应商
,也就是说他们为其他对象提供服务和达到此,他们运用从其他对象的服务. 明确定义的对象有原子功能并且维护控制进入和容易的服务物资供应的一个原始接口. 此外,因为真正的实施从外在通入掩藏,通过保持未改变的接口,对象的实施可以被改变,无需影响整体节目. 这样特征很大地有益于应用修改、适应和维护.
The在本章谈论的服务APIs主要使用OO技术. 耆那教在Java指定,因此它故意地是OO. 增值指定在统一的塑造的语言(UML),因此它有好处的是不依靠语言的. 自动工具存在转换UML成具体界面限定语言(IDLs),象CORBA IDL和微软IDL. 从UML的翻译到象C++和Java的具体编程语言也是可能的. 当原则上这些翻译可能自动地时完成,发生的规格可能是非常难读和了解. 但是,翻译规则构想使翻译过程相当简单.
The各种各样的标准化机构和工业财团在这个区域生产了相当数量工作. 本章首先谈论现有的API努力的力量和局限(例如, Parlay/OSA,耆那教和OMA)以及为先进的网络结构被建议了的其他API方法. 跟随那是我们的方法的一个简短的描述对开发XG机动性网络的一个层状API模型. 终于,本章以在未来工作的有些观察结束.

在朝派电信服务被在基于所有人的硬件和软件程序上的语言中主要为编制程序.在朝派服务模范提出服务字体,其指定由基础积木构成一新服务逻辑的观念.但是一些重要问题仍然存在.问题是模范不如同下面讨论那样,利用物件 -确定现代(OO)技术的方向的.另一问题是基本在朝派积木起跑器的粒度是不一致.一些例如Service数据管理起跑器代表能处理任何种类的服务数据的非常复杂运算.例如比较其它起跑器代表简单计算才能.再...

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在朝派电信服务被在基于所有人的硬件和软件程序上的语言中主要为编制程序.在朝派服务模范提出服务字体,其指定由基础积木构成一新服务逻辑的观念.但是一些重要问题仍然存在.问题是模范不如同下面讨论那样,利用物件 -确定现代(OO)技术的方向的.另一问题是基本在朝派积木起跑器的粒度是不一致.一些例如Service数据管理起跑器代表能处理任何种类的服务数据的非常复杂运算.例如比较其它起跑器代表简单计算才能.再使用这些的积木困难使很多电话学销售商发展他们的自己所有人的积木((Zuidweg 2002).现代OO编程技术已经被证明是与其说是程序上的不如说是编程技术组件的.物件是压缩数据和相关处理代码两者的可再用的软件积木.物件能被作为在感觉他们提供向其它物件发球,和取得这个,他们使用从其它物件服务中服务提供者想像.非常明确物件为受制的接近的机会和容易服务有原子官能性和维修一干净接口为供应食品给养.此外,因为真正工具被使接口保持未改变的从外部接近的机会隐匿,物件的工具能被不影响总程序改变.这样特征非常有利于应用修改,改编和维持.埃皮斯在这章中主要讨论的服务使用OO技术.JAIN被设计在Java语言中指定,所以它是OO.赌本和赢金合在一起的连续赌存在在使 Modeling语言((UML)统一中明确地讲,所以它有是语言有独到见解的人的优势.自动工具存在向像CORBA IDL和微软 IDL特有接口定义语言((IDLs)兑换UML.向特有

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