高手帮忙翻一下哈 急的很 可用工具 但至少读起来要通顺 完了加分One way to address those issues is to build an aquacultural system that mimics nature, in which the waste produced by farmed fish is put to use. Thierry Chopin, a

高手帮忙翻一下哈 急的很 可用工具 但至少读起来要通顺 完了加分One way to address those issues is to build an aquacultural system that mimics nature, in which the waste produced by farmed fish is put to use. Thierry Chopin, a
高手帮忙翻一下哈 急的很 可用工具 但至少读起来要通顺 完了加分
One way to address those issues is to build an aquacultural system that mimics nature, in which the waste produced by farmed fish is put to use. Thierry Chopin, a biologist at the University of New Brunswick, wants to take advantage of that principle with his integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA). In an IMTA loop, species like salmon and shrimp are raised less densely than in conventional aquaculture, together with seaweed and shellfish like mussels. The waste from the farmed species fertilizes the seaweed, which can be harvested for use in fish feed. The mussels, which are filter feeders, can gobble waste in the water, preventing pollution from building up. The result is more biomass and less waste — just as nature intended. "If it functions as an ecosystem does," says Chopin, "then it functions right." Even an aquacultural system more in tune with nature still faces essential challenges, including the feed-ratio problem. When producers began raising fish intensively, they picked species that people like to eat: salmon and sea bass. But those species are high on the food chain, and raising them on a farm is a bit like trying to domesticate tigers. The aquaculture industry has gotten better at replacing fish meal with plant-based feed, but not fast enough. You're not feeding the world sustainably if you need to remove the base of the marine food chain to do it. "The question of what the fish will eat is central to aquaculture," says Australis' Goldman. "We can't grow on the back of small forage fish."
A Fish and a Dream The answer might be simply to find a better fish, one more suited to farming. This is exactly what Goldman set out to do. He got into aquaculture in the 1980s as a college student and had a tilapia-farming operation for a few years. But while tilapia are more sustainable than many other fish because they're vegetarians, they lack the high amounts of omega-3 oils that make salmon so heart-healthy. Goldman tried striped bass but found them too fussy to raise. It wasn't until a chance encounter with an Australian entrepreneur that he found his dream fish: the barramundi.
As a farmed species, the barramundi is just about perfect. It can survive in a wide variety of environments and lays eggs frequently. It has a flexible diet, and much like its fellow Australians, it is laid-back by nature, so it can endure the rigors of farming. Goldman launched Australis in Turners Falls in 2004 and was producing barramundi commercially by 2005. The fish is rich in omega-3 oils; Dr. Oz named it one of his top superfoods in 2010. Less than 20% of the barramundi's feed at Australis comes from fish meal and fish oil — a better percentage than for many farmed salmon, which can require as much as 50% of their feed from fish meal. The Turners Falls operation is an indoor, closed recirculating system, so there's little waste, little risk of disease and no threat that the barramundi will escape into the wild.

高手帮忙翻一下哈 急的很 可用工具 但至少读起来要通顺 完了加分One way to address those issues is to build an aquacultural system that mimics nature, in which the waste produced by farmed fish is put to use. Thierry Chopin, a
解决这些问题的一种方法是建造一个模拟自然的水产系统,在此系统中,塘鱼的排泄物可以变废为宝.
New Brunswick 的生物学家Thierry Chopin 希望通过他的“综合性多营养水产系统”(IMTA)来实践这一原理.
在一个 IMTA循环系统中,养殖的品种,如鲑鱼和小虾,养殖的密度比一般的水生态系统要低,它们和海草、贻贝那样的贝类一起养殖.养殖品种的排泄物为海草提供养料,而海草则可用于喂养鱼类.贻贝作为滤食动物,可以消化水中的排泄物,防止污染.这样做的结果是,水中生物数量增多,废物却减少了,就像自然的生态环境所做的那样.“如果它像一个真正的生态系统那样发挥作用,那么它就成功了.” Chopin说.即便是一个高度模拟自然的水产系统,也仍旧面临着基本的挑战,包括进料效率的问题.当饲养者开始高密度地养鱼,他们选择人们爱吃的种类：鲑鱼和黑鲈.但是这些品种处于食物链的上端,在鱼塘饲养它们就好比尝试去驯养老虎.模拟生态系统的水产业在用植物代替鱼饲料这方面做的更好,但养殖的速度却不够快.抛开海洋生物链的基础去为世界人口提供食物,这样做是不可持续的.“对于水产业来说,鱼吃什么这个问题至关重要.”Australis' Goldman说道."仅靠着小饵料鱼,我们无法发展壮大."
鱼和梦想
问题的答案可能只在于找到一种更好的鱼,更适合养殖的品种.这也正是Goldman着手要做的事情.20世纪80年代,还是一名大学生的Goldman进入水产业,积累了数年养殖罗非鱼的经验.但是,虽然草食性的罗非鱼比其他许多品种更容易养活,它们却不像鲑鱼那样,拥有大量对心脏健康有益的omega-3油.Goldman试过饲养条纹石鮨,但发现这种鱼对生长环境太挑剔,难以饲养.直到他偶然遇上一位澳大利亚企业家,他才发现他梦寐以求的品种：澳洲肺鱼.
作为一个饲养的品种,澳洲肺鱼堪称完美.它能够在多种环境下生存,并且频繁产卵.它的食物来源广泛,而且像它的澳大利亚同伴一样,天性懒散,因此可以适应鱼塘这样严格控制的环境.
Goldman 2004年在Turners Falls 启动了南极光计划,在2005年之前开始让澳洲肺鱼养殖商业化.这种鱼富含omega-3油; Oz 博士2010年称这种鱼为他得顶尖超级食物之一.南极光计划中的澳洲肺鱼只有不到20%的饲料来自鱼粉和鱼油——这一比例优于许多人工养殖的鲑鱼,那些鲑鱼的饲料中鱼粉的占比可能高达50%.在Turners Falls进行的这个养殖系统是个位于室内、封闭的再循环系统,因此废物/排泄物很少,肺鱼患病的风险低,也没有逃到野外的担忧.

各种演说中一个解决问题的方法,是建立一个微生态水产养殖系统，利用废物来养殖鱼类。蒂埃里萧邦，一个在新布兰斯维克大学的生物学家，想利用这一原则整合立体水产业。在一个物种循环水域，比传统养殖降低鲑鱼和虾饲养密度，有利海藻和贝壳一起增产。来自耕种的废物即可做鱼饲料又能施肥海草。饲养贻贝能狼吞虎咽水的废物起到过滤者作用,可阻止污染蔓延。其结果是物种得到繁衍和减少废物排放到达环保。" 如果把它作为一个生态系...

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各种演说中一个解决问题的方法,是建立一个微生态水产养殖系统，利用废物来养殖鱼类。蒂埃里萧邦，一个在新布兰斯维克大学的生物学家，想利用这一原则整合立体水产业。在一个物种循环水域，比传统养殖降低鲑鱼和虾饲养密度，有利海藻和贝壳一起增产。来自耕种的废物即可做鱼饲料又能施肥海草。饲养贻贝能狼吞虎咽水的废物起到过滤者作用,可阻止污染蔓延。其结果是物种得到繁衍和减少废物排放到达环保。" 如果把它作为一个生态系统",萧邦说," 它就有动态平衡 " 。即使水产养殖系统设计科学仍面临重要挑战，包括饲养比例问题。当生产者强烈地开始投资饲养鱼的时候,他们挑选了人们喜欢吃的鲑鱼和鲈鱼。但这些物种是在食物链的高端，就有点像农场上试图驯养的老虎。水产养殖业已用植物的饲养来替代鱼粉饲料,但不够快速。如果你需要除去海产的食物链的基础做它(指不用鱼粉饲料而单纯用植物饲料) ，你很难满足供应市场。”问题是人们吃什么鱼对水产业很重要，“戈德曼说。”我们不能长在中小食草鱼的背上。”
一条鱼和一个梦,答案可能只是找一条较好的鱼,另外一个适合到耕作。
这正是戈德曼宣布做的。他在 1980 年,由一个大学生进入养殖业并且有了饲养罗非鱼数年经验。
但是罗非鱼比许多其他鱼更难繁殖，因为它们是素食主义者，它们缺乏大量的亚米茄 - 3油和鲑鱼强健的心脏。戈德曼尝试了条纹鲈，但发现它们太挑剔也难以繁殖。要不是一次偶然的机会,直到他遇到一位澳大利亚企业家，他才发现他的理想的鱼the barramundi。
作为一个养殖品种的鱼，真是完美。它和它的蛋能够生存在各种环境。它有一个灵活的食谱(意思是食物链很广)，和喜欢它的同胞澳大利亚人一样，天性放松，所以它可以忍受酷热的农作。2004年,戈德曼开始在特纳瀑布试养，2005年达到商业规模。此鱼富含欧米伽- 3；2010年盎斯博士把它命名为他的一个超级食物。芦苇占鱼饲料小于20%，饲料中更多的百分比是鱼粉和鱼油会更好。许多养殖鲑鱼，这可能需要多达50%的饲料鱼粉。特纳在秋天饲养在户内，封闭式循环系统，很少有浪费，几乎没有疾病风险和没有外来天敌的威胁，鱼不会逃逸到野外。

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