求英译中 计算机类的 翻出来要看的懂讲的通 A perfectly rational person is one who always has a good reason for what he does.Each step taken can be shown to be the best way to get to a well defined goal. However,to man

求英译中 计算机类的 翻出来要看的懂讲的通 A perfectly rational person is one who always has a good reason for what he does.Each step taken can be shown to be the best way to get to a well defined goal. However,to man
求英译中 计算机类的 翻出来要看的懂讲的通
 A perfectly rational person is one who always has a good reason for what he does.Each step taken can be shown to be the best way to get to a well defined goal.
 However,to many observers,the usual process of designing software appears quite irrational.
 Programmers start without a clear statement of desired behavior and implementation constraints.
 They make a long sequence of design decisions with no clear statement of why they do things the way they do.
 Their rationale is rarely explained.
 Many of us are not satisfied with such a design process.
 That is why there is research in software design,programming methods,structured programming and related topics.
 Ideally,we would like to derive our programs from a statement of requirements in the same sense that theorems are derived from axioms in a published proof.
 All of the methodologies that can be considered “top down” are the result of our desire to have a rational,systematic way of designing software.
bad news and good news
 The bad news is that,in our opinion,we will never find the philosopher's stone.
 We will never find a process that allows us to design software in a perfectly rational way.
 The good news is that we can fake it.
 We can present our system to others as if we had been rational designers and it pays to pretend do so during development and maintenance.
WHY WILL A SOFTWARE DESIGN “PROCESS” ALWAYS BE AN IDEALISATION?
 We will never see a software project that proceeds in the “rational” way.Some of the reasons are listed below:
(1) In most cases the people who commission the building of a software system do not know exactly what they want and are unable to tell us all that they know.
（2) Even if we knew the requirements,there are many other facts that we need to know to design the software.Many of the details only become known to us as we progress in the implementation.Some of the things that we learn invalidate our design and we must backtrack.
(3) Even if we knew all of the relevant facts before we started,experience shows that human beings are unable to comprehend fully the details that must be taken into account in order to design and build a correct system.
 The process of designing the software is one in which we attempt to separate concerns so that we are working with a manageable amount of information.However,until we have separated the concerns,we are bound to make errors.
(4) Even if we could master all of the detail needed,all but the most trivial projects are subject to change for external reasons.Some of those changes may invalidate previous design decisions.The resulting design is not one that would have been produced by a rational design process.
(5) Human errors can only be avoided if one can avoid the use of humans.Even after the concerns are separated,errors will be made.

求英译中 计算机类的 翻出来要看的懂讲的通 A perfectly rational person is one who always has a good reason for what he does.Each step taken can be shown to be the best way to get to a well defined goal. However,to man
首先,我不是计算机系的,也不会编程,所以我做不到把所有的专业词汇都100%的给你翻译到位.
但是大概的意思是肯定没错的.如果具体有哪句不是很明白的话,你就留言给我吧.
A perfectly rational person is one who always has a good reason for what he does. Each step taken can be shown to be the best way to get to a well defined goal.
一个理性的人,应该对他自己所作所为有很好的理由.每一个步骤都是达到明确目标的方法.
However, to many observers, the usual process of designing software appears quite irrational.
但是,根据多个观察研究,设计软件的一般流程往往是不理性的.
Programmers start without a clear statement of desired behavior and implementation constraints.
没有清晰明确“必须行为”和“执行约束”前,程序员就开始动手编程.
They make a long sequence of design decisions with no clear statement of why they do things the way they do.
他们都了解自己为什么要这么做,就急于动手写了一长串的设计决策.
Their rationale is rarely explained. Many of us are not satisfied with such a design process.
他们很少解释基本原理.我们很多人对这样的一个设计流程并不满意.
That is why there is research in software design, programming methods, structured programming and related topics.
这就是为什么存在对软件设计,编程方法,结构编程和相关话题的研究.
Ideally, we would like to derive our programs from a statement of requirements in the same sense that theorems are derived from axioms in a published proof.
最理想的情况是,我们从设计的要求得出编程,就好像从已经得以证明的公理中得出定理.
All of the methodologies that can be considered “top down” are the result of our desire to have a rational, systematic way of designing software.
所有被认为自上而下的方法论都是我们希望通过理性的,系统化的软件设计方法的结果.
bad news and good news
坏消息和好消息
The bad news is that, in our opinion, we will never find the philosopher's stone.
坏消息是我们认为我们永远不会找到点金石.
We will never find a process that allows us to design software in a perfectly rational way.
我们永远不会找到一个让我们用完美理性的方法设计软件的流程.
The good news is that we can fake it.
好消息是我们可以假装我们找到了这样的一个流程.
We can present our system to others as if we had been rational designers and it pays to pretend do so during development and maintenance.
我们向其他人讲解我们的系统时,假装我们是理性的设计者,在开发和维护的过程中,要假装这一点,是要付出代价的.
WHY WILL A SOFTWARE DESIGN “PROCESS” ALWAYS BE AN IDEALISATION?
为什么软件设计流程总是被理想化呢?
We will never see a software project that proceeds in the “rational” way. Some of the reasons are listed below:
我们从未见到一个软件是通过理性的方法设计出来的.其中原因如下所列：
(1) In most cases the people who commission the building of a software system do not know exactly what they want and are unable to tell us all that they know.
在大多数个案中,委托设计软件程序的人并不真正知道他们需要什么,也无法将他们所知道的完全告知我们.
（2) Even if we knew the requirements, there are many other facts that we need to know to design the software. Many of the details only become known to us as we progress in the implementation. Some of the things that we learn invalidate our design and we must backtrack.
即使我们知道他们的要求,有许多其他我们需要了解需要知道的方面来设计软件.很多细节问题,只有在我们到了执行时,才得以知道.有些因素会导致我们的设计无效,所以我们必须回溯.
(3) Even if we knew all of the relevant facts before we started, experience shows that human beings are unable to comprehend fully the details that must be taken into account in order to design and build a correct system.
即使在我们开始之前,可以知道所有相关的时间,经验表明,人们无法完全理解要设计一个正确的系统所必须考虑的细节问题.
The process of designing the software is one in which we attempt to separate concerns so that we are working with a manageable amount of information. However, until we have separated the concerns, we are bound to make errors.
设计软件的流程是我们尝试分离关注的一个流程,只有可管理的信息量,我们才能工作.但是,在我们分离关注之前,我们必然会犯各种各样错误.
(4) Even if we could master all of the detail needed, all but the most trivial projects are subject to change for external reasons. Some of those changes may invalidate previous design decisions. The resulting design is not one that would have been produced by a rational design process.
即使我们能掌握所有必须的细节,但是最繁琐的项目是取决于外部原因而变化.有些原因可能会导致之前的设计决策无效.这样得出来的设计就不是一个通过理性的设计流程而设计出来的.
(5) Human errors can only be avoided if one can avoid the use of humans. Even after the concerns are separated, errors will be made.
除非人们不使用,否则错误是无法避免的.即使关注能被分离,错误还是会出现.