有关迪士尼的介绍,要英语汉语都有的.

有关迪士尼的介绍,要英语汉语都有的.
有关迪士尼的介绍,要英语汉语都有的.

有关迪士尼的介绍,要英语汉语都有的.
Disneyland Park, formerly referred to simply as Disneyland from 1955-1998, is a theme park at Disneyland Resort in Anaheim, California, USA (28 miles from Downtown Los Angeles). Owned and operated by The Walt Disney Company, The Magic Kingdom of Disneyland has become one of the most famous places on Earth.
Next to Disney World Resort in Florida, Disneyland is the most popular theme park in the world — based on the total number of visitors. More than 515 million "guests", among them presidents, royalty, and other heads of state, have travelled to the park from around the world since the attraction first opened to guests on July 17, 1955. A worldwide celebration in commemoration of Disneyland's 50th anniversary began on May 5, 2005 and concluded on September 30, 2006.
Walt Disney and his older brother Roy already headed one of Hollywood's more successful studios founded in 1924, long before the idea of a park even began to form. Walt's original concept was of a permanent family fun park without the negative element that traveling carnivals often attracted. He developed the idea during his many outings with his daughters Diane and Sharon, when he realized that there were no parks with activities that adults and children could enjoy together.
While many people had written letters to Walt Disney about visiting the Disney Studio lot and meeting their favorite Disney character, Walt realized that a functional movie studio had little to offer to the visiting fan. He then began to foster ideas of building a site at or near his Burbank studios for tourists to visit and perhaps take pictures with Disney characters set in statue form. His ideas then evolved to a small play park with a boat ride and other themed areas. Walt's initial concept, his "Mickey Mouse Park," grew bigger and bigger into a concept for a larger enterprise which was to become Disneyland.
Disneyland Park was partially inspired by Tivoli Gardens (built in 1843 in Copenhagen, Denmark), Greenfield Village (built in 1929 in Dearborn, Michigan), and Children's Fairyland (built in 1950 in Oakland, California). Disney's original modest plans called for the park to be built on eight acres (32,000 m²) on Riverside Drive next to the Disney Studios in Burbank, California as a place where his employees and families could go to relax.
Early in development, during the early 1950s, it became clear that more area would be needed. Difficulties in obtaining funding caused Disney to investigate new ways of raising money. He decided to use television to get the ideas into people's homes, and so he created a show named Disneyland which was broadcast on the fledgling American Broadcasting Company (ABC) television network. In return, the network agreed to help finance the new park. On the suggestion of researchers at Stanford Research Institute who correctly envisioned the area's potential growth, Disney acquired 160 acres (730,000 m²) of orange groves and walnut trees in Anaheim, south of Los Angeles in neighboring Orange County. [1] [2] Construction began on July 18, 1954 and would cost USD$17 million to complete. U.S. Route 101 (later Interstate 5) was under construction at the same time just to the north of the site; in preparation for the traffic which Disneyland was expected to bring, two more lanes were added to the freeway even before the park was finished.
Because of financial considerations, Walt Disney was forced to turn to outside financing for his theme park. He first turned to long-time licensee Western Publishing which invested in the park. ABC as part of the deal to broadcast the Disneyland television show also became an investor. For the first five years of its operation, Disneyland was owned by Disneyland, Inc., of which Walt Disney Productions, Western Publishing and ABC each owned shares. After the park was a clear success Western acceeded to a request to sell its share in the enterprise back to Disney. But ABC refused the same request initially, feeling the profit potential of the park was too lucrative to sell. It wasn't until 1960 that Walt Disney Productions acquired ABC's share of the theme park. Disney's displeasure at ABC's actions partly motivated the Walt Disney anthology series moving to NBC in 1961.
[edit] 1955: Opening day

An aerial view of Disneyland in 1956. The entire route of the Disneyland Railroad is clearly visible as it encircles the park.Disneyland Park was opened to the public on Monday, July 18, 1955. However, a special "International Press Preview" event was held on Sunday, July 17, 1955 which was only open to invited guests and the media. The Special Sunday events, including the dedication were televised nationwide and anchored by three of Walt Disney's friends from Hollywood: Art Linkletter, Bob Cummings, and Ronald Reagan.
The event did not go smoothly. The park was overcrowded as the by-invitation-only affair was plagued with counterfeit tickets. All major roads nearby were congested. The summer temperature was over 110 degrees Fahrenheit, and a plumbers' strike left many of the park's drinking fountains dry. The asphalt that had been poured just the night before was so soft that ladies' high-heeled shoes sank in. Vendors ran out of food. A gas leak in Fantasyland caused Adventureland, Frontierland, and Fantasyland to close for the afternoon. Parents were throwing their children over the shoulders of crowds to get them onto rides such as the Dumbo Flying Elephants.
The park got such bad press for the event day that Walt Disney invited members of the press back for a private "second day" to experience the true Disneyland, after which Walt held a party in the Disneyland Hotel for them. Walt and his 1955 executives forever referred to the first day as "Black Sunday," although July 17 is currently acknowledged by Disney as the official opening day. On July 17 every year, cast members wear pin badges stating how many years it has been since July 17, 1955. For example, in 2004 they wore the slogan "The magic began 49 years ago today." But for the first ten years or so, Disney did officially state that opening day was on July 18th, including in the park's own publications.
On Monday, July 18 crowds started to gather in line as early as 2 a.m., and the first person to buy a ticket and enter the park was David MacPherson. Walt Disney decided to have a photo taken with two children, Michael Schwartner and Christine Vess instead, and the photo of the three always carries a caption along the lines of "Walt Disney with the first two guests of Disneyland." MacPherson, Schwartner and Vess all received lifetime passes to Disneyland, which was later expanded to every single Disney-owned park in the world.
[edit] The Magic Kingdoms around the World

Plaque at the entrance that embodies the intended spirit of Disneyland by Walt Disney: to leave reality and enter fantasyMain article: Walt Disney Parks and Resorts
Despite the problems on opening day, Disneyland became an enormous success within its first few months. It attracted visitors worldwide in unprecedented numbers. Soon, even as Disneyland continued to grow, Walt Disney planned an expansion of the concept: Walt Disney World.
Walt Disney World would be a self-contained and completely-integrated vacation experience encompassing more land than twice that of the island of Manhattan.
Walt Disney World Resort in Lake Buena Vista, Florida is the world's largest privately owned vacation destination in the world, in addition to being its most popular.
Walt Disney World opened in 1971 under the guidance of Roy O. Disney, almost five years after the death of Walt Disney. Since the initial opening with one theme park and two hotels, the resort has grown into a collection of: four theme parks; two water parks; twenty-three hotels; and, an entertainment district.
In 1983 the first international Disney theme park opened: Tokyo Disneyland Park in Japan. Tokyo Disneyland is now part of Tokyo Disney Resort and has a sister theme park Tokyo Disney Sea. Tokyo Disneyland and Tokyo Disney Sea are owned by a Japanese corporation, Oriental Land Company. The Walt Disney Company receives royalties based on revenues and maintains creative control.
In 1992 EuroDisney opened in France and is now part of Disneyland Resort Paris with two theme parks.
On September 12, 2005,Hong Kong Disneyland was opened in the People's Republic of China. Hong Kong Disneyland Resort is owned jointly by the Hong Kong Government and The Walt Disney Company.
[edit] 1990's Transition: A Theme Park and Hotel Becomes a Resort Destination
In the 1990s, major construction began to transform Disneyland from a theme park into a vacation resort. The Walt Disney Company purchased land surrounding the park that was once the site of low-budget motels and trailer courts and — on the site of Disneyland's original "Hundred-Acre Parking Lot" — Disney's California Adventure Park and Downtown Disney opened in 2001. The Grand Californian Hotel, patterned after the Arts and Crafts movement of the early 20th century, extends into Disney's California Adventure Park and allows paying guests to enter that park through the hotel itself.
Most of the resort's parking today is handled by the six-level "Mickey and Friends" parking structure. With six levels and 10,250 parking spaces, it was for a short time the largest parking structure in the world. Propane-powered trams bring visitors to the entrance plaza between the two parks. There are three other Disney-owned parking lots in the Resort. The Timon Parking Lot entrance is right at the intersection of Harbor Blvd. and Disney Way. The other lot, the Pumbaa Lot, sits across Harbor Boulevard at Disney Way, but has no tram access. The Pinocchio lot sits just north of the Disneyland Hotel adjacent to the "Mickey and Friends" parking structure. There are also some smaller, off-property lots with regular shuttle service to the parks, and most nearby hotels offer regular shuttle service as well.
The park's management team of the mid-1990s was a tremendous source of contention to many Disneyland fans and employees. Headed by executives Cynthia Harriss and Paul Pressler, each with a retail marketing background, Disneyland's focus gradually changed from attractions to merchandising. The leaders came under increasing criticism for a host of cost-cutting initiatives and profit-boosting schemes.
Under their direction, few new attractions were built and many were closed down. Shops that once carried a variety of items themed to their locations now carried general Disney character products. Themed restaurants and shops were closed and replaced by Outdoor vending carts which caused crowds to clog walkways. The decision to remodel Tomorrowland, derided by some fans, was attributable to Pressler, as was the closure of a great many popular attractions within the area. Dewitt "T" Irby, a retired U.S. Army officer hired as facilities manager, was blamed for the destruction of much of the tooling and attraction components in storage in the backstage areas in an effort to streamline operations as recommended by outside consultants.
After nearly a decade of deferred maintenance, Walt Disney's original theme park was showing visible signs of neglect. Paint was peeling off buildings and roofs were literally disintegrating from age, especially the thatched roofs in Fantasyland and Adventureland. Light bulbs, which were once replaced before they burned out, not only were run to burnout but were so numerous as to make the facades they outlined look almost toothless. Fans of the park decried the perceived decline in customer value and park quality and rallied for the dismissal of the management team.
[edit] Disneyland in the 21st Century
In 2003, both Harriss and Pressler stepped down to take over operations of national clothing retailer The Gap. Irby stepped down the following year.
Matt Ouimet, formerly the president of the Disney Cruise Line, was promoted to assume leadership of the Disneyland Resort in late 2003. Shortly afterward, he selected Greg Emmer as Senior Vice President of Operations. Emmer is a long-time Disney cast member who had worked at Disneyland in his youth prior to moving to Florida and holding multiple executive leadership positions at the Walt Disney World Resort. Ouimet quickly set about reversing certain trends, especially with regards to cosmetic maintenance and a return to the original infrastructure maintenance schedule, in hopes of restoring the safety record of the past. Much like Walt Disney himself, Ouimet and Emmer could often be seen walking the park during business hours with members of their staff. They wore cast member name badges, stood in line for attractions and welcomed comments from guests.
In July 2006, Matt Ouimet announced that he would be leaving The Walt Disney Company to become president of Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide. Soon after this announcement, Ed Grier, executive managing director of Walt Disney Attractions Japan, was named president of the Disneyland Resort. Greg Emmer remains at the Disneyland Resort.
Disneyland Park hosted its 500-millionth guest in 2004.
[edit] 50th anniversary
In 2004, the park undertook a number of major renovation projects in preparation for its fiftieth anniversary celebration. Many classic attractions (often ones neglected during Paul Pressler and Cynthia Harriss' times as Disneyland Resort President) have been restored, probably most notably Space Mountain, Jungle Cruise, and Walt Disney's Enchanted Tiki Room, which has received a complete restoration of its 40-year-old soundtrack.
In 2005, the entire Walt Disney Company celebrated Disneyland Park's 50th anniversary, marketed as the "Happiest Homecoming on Earth." The official celebration began on May 5, with a dedication from Michael Eisner, Bob Iger, and Art Linkletter. On July 15, 2005, Disneyland Park became the first 'location' to get a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
Richard Marx wrote the official theme song, "Remember When", which was performed by Grammy winning country artist LeAnn Rimes, for the 50th Anniversary of Disney.
The actual anniversary day (July 17) was an event marked by fans' enthusiasm. The first person to enter the park on the official 50th anniversary was Madison Steigerwald, a 15-year old girl from Old Greenwich, CT. She and her grandmother, Mary Madison, began to line up at 3 p.m. the day before. Overnight, park management opened the gates of Disney's California Adventure Park simply to house the thousands of people who showed up over the course of the night. A second line formed outside the security checkpoints as thousands more arrived in the final hours before the park opened. Disneyland Park opened at 7:00 a.m., although it took several hours to admit the crowds that showed up that morning.
At 10:00 a.m., Diane Disney Miller reread her father's original dedication speech in a ceremony with Art Linkletter, Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger, CEO-elect Robert Iger, and CEO Michael Eisner. Later that day, a recording of Walt Disney's original dedication speech was replayed throughout the park, exactly 50 years to the minute from when it was originally delivered. No other special events had been planned for the day, making for a much smaller celebration than the media blowout of May 5. There were also complimentary golden Mickey ears that were specifically made for July 17, along with cupcakes for the guests. Many of the people who had waited overnight left after the rededication. Although the gates had been temporarily closed in the morning, it was done only to control crowds which were flooding Main Street for the morning ceremony. The park never reached capacity that day.
Further information: Happiest Homecoming on Earth
[edit] Park layout

Famous statue of Walt and Mickey, called "Partners", stands at the end of Main Street.Disneyland Park Attractions
50th Anniversary
Year of a Million Dreams
Main Street, U.S.A.
Disneyland Railroad
Main Street Cinema
Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln
Disneyland: The First 50 Magical Years
Main Street Vehicles
Fire Engine
Horse-Drawn Streetcars
Horseless Carriage
Omnibus

Fantasyland
Alice in Wonderland
Casey Jr. Circus Train
Dumbo the Flying Elephant
Fantasyland Theater
"it's a small world"
King Arthur Carrousel
Mad Tea Party
Matterhorn Bobsleds
Mr. Toad's Wild Ride
Peter Pan's Flight
Pinocchio's Daring Journey
Sleeping Beauty Castle
Snow White's Scary Adventures
Storybook Land Canal Boats

Tomorrowland
Astro Orbitor
Autopia
Buzz Lightyear Astro Blasters
Disneyland Monorail System
Disneyland Railroad
Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage
Honey, I Shrunk the Audience
Innoventions
Space Mountain
Starcade
Star Tours

Frontierland
Big Thunder Mountain Railroad
Tom Sawyer Island
Frontierland Shootin' Exposition
Mark Twain Riverboat
Rafts to Tom Sawyer Island
Sailing Ship Columbia
Big Thunder Ranch
The Golden Horseshoe Stage

Adventureland
Enchanted Tiki Room
Indiana Jones Adventure
Jungle Cruise
Tarzan's Treehouse

New Orleans Square
Haunted Mansion
Pirates of the Caribbean
The Disney Gallery
Club 33

Critter Country
Splash Mountain
Davy Crockett's Explorer Canoes
The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh

Mickey's Toontown
Chip 'n Dale Treehouse
Donald's Boat
Gadget's Go Coaster
Goofy's Playhouse
Mickey's House
Minnie's House
Roger Rabbit's Car Toon Spin

Entertainment
Walt Disney's Parade of Dreams
Remember... Dreams Come True
Dapper Dans
Fantasmic!

The park is divided into realms, which radiate like the four cardinal points of the compass from Central Plaza, and well-concealed backstage areas, which normally only Disneyland hosts and hostesses can enter. The public areas occupy approximately 85 acres (344,000 m²).
At the center of The Magic Kingdom and immediately North of Central Plaza stands Sleeping Beauty Castle, which provides entrance to Fantasyland by way of a drawbridge across a moat. Adventureland, Frontierland, and Tomorrowland are arrayed on both sides of the castle.
To reach Central Plaza, guests first progress through Main Street, U.S.A., "everyone's hometown", as Walt Disney described it.
Born in Chicago, Illinois in 1901, Walt Disney conveyed impressions of his formative years at the turn of the 20th Century in middle America, in Marceline and Kansas City, Missouri, specifically, through the idealized and universalized form of the archetypal Main Street.
It is here, also, where the duality of Disneyland is first experienced. Main Street, Disneyland, U.S.A. gives way to a magic kingdom where timeless and imaginary characters, settings, and stories come to life in fully-immersive and permanent physicality.
[edit] Lands
Main articles: List of current Disneyland attractions and List of past Disneyland attractions
The original park layout included four distinct lands or realms, in addition to Main Street, U.S.A. Three more areas have been added since the park's opening, including New Orleans Square and Critter Country in Frontierland and Mickey's Toontown as an annex to Fantasyland. Once entering a realm, a guest is unable to see the outside world or any of the adjacent areas.
[edit] Main Street, U.S.A.

Walt Disney's "Lilly Belle" miniature live steam locomotive on display at Disneyland Main Station in 1993.Based on the stereotypical t