英语翻译Neospora caninum is a major cause of bovine abortion worldwide,resulting in significant welfare implications and economic loss.Transmission of the parasite occurs via two routes:it can be transmitted transplacentally from dam to foetus,or

英语翻译Neospora caninum is a major cause of bovine abortion worldwide,resulting in significant welfare implications and economic loss.Transmission of the parasite occurs via two routes:it can be transmitted transplacentally from dam to foetus,or
英语翻译
Neospora caninum is a major cause of bovine abortion worldwide,resulting in significant welfare implications and economic loss.Transmission of the parasite occurs via two routes:it can be transmitted transplacentally from dam to foetus,or it can be transmitted by ingestion of oocysts.There are no drugs licensed for use in cattle to control Neospora-associated abortions and although a vaccine is marketed in a limited number of countries,its efficacy has yet to be confirmed.Selected Neospora antigens have been targeted for use in subunit vaccine and have been evaluated in murine models but more work is needed to evaluate these antigens in cattle and to indentify delivery methods which can provoke the pro-inflammatory immune response required for protective immunity.Cattle persistently infected with N.caninum are capable of transmitting the parasite to their offspring following recrudescence of infection during pregnancy ,but they appear immune to exogenous challenge.The complex host-parasite interactions surrounding this phenomenon are not,at this stage,understood well enough to considerdeveloping a vaccine against endogenous transplacental transmission.However,with our current knowledge,a vaccine that protects a pregnant cow against infection with oocysts and hence prevents exogenous transplancetal transmission and abortion,is more feasible and attractive prospect .This review looks at the issues surrounding development of a vaccine against bovine neosporosis such as live versus subunit vaccines,the difficultise in finding appropriate vaccine candidates and delivery systems and the conplex balance of the immune response surrounding infection and pregnance.
这是一篇09年12期的报告摘要,有很多的专业名词都找不到所以很难翻译.,..

英语翻译Neospora caninum is a major cause of bovine abortion worldwide,resulting in significant welfare implications and economic loss.Transmission of the parasite occurs via two routes:it can be transmitted transplacentally from dam to foetus,or
犬新孢子虫是导致奶牛流产的主要原因之一,引发大量的福利问题和经济损失.该寄生虫可通过两种途径传播：一是通过母体传染胎儿,或者是因为吞食了寄生虫的卵囊.现在没有任何药物被允许使用在奶牛身上以控制犬新孢子虫引起的流产,虽然在少数国家的市场上已经有一种疫苗投入使用,但这种疫苗的药效还不能确认.挑选的犬新孢子虫疫苗已投入亚单位疫苗的使用,并已经在鼠类动物中注射试验评估了.但是评估奶牛体内的寄生虫以及寻找到可以防止因注射而产生的免疫系统排斥而引发的严正的方法仍需更多努力.奶牛的持续被犬新孢子虫感染可能会导致病症在生育子代和怀孕期间复发.但他们对外来感染免疫.关于这个现象体内寄生虫的反应在现阶段还没有足够的理解,所以还无法生产一种疫苗可以阻止体内经胎盘的传染.然而,根据我们现有的知识,一种可以保护怀孕奶牛不受卵囊感染,也就可以防止外界经胎盘感染和流产的疫苗更有前景和吸引力.这篇报道着眼于有关于防止新孢子虫病的疫苗的发展,比如活菌亚单位疫苗,寻找合适候补疫苗的困难,生育系统和免疫反应在感染和怀孕方面的复杂平衡.
我尽可能翻译了.有些医学类名词查了字典也不太确定.这真是难翻啊!下面参考资料里的那个网址是一个很专业的字典,可以查到很多生僻词!