英语:什么是现在完成进行时?
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英语:什么是现在完成进行时?
英语:什么是现在完成进行时?
英语:什么是现在完成进行时?
现在完成进行时 - 定义现在完成进行时表示某动作从过去某个时间开始,一直延续到现在,并且还有可能持续下去.
现在完成进行时 - 结构
现在完成进行时是由“助动词have(has) + been+动词的现在分词”构成
现在完成进行时 - 用法
1、表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作,并且还将持续下去.
The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.
中国有2000年的造纸历史.(动作还将继续下去)
I have been learning English since three years ago.
自从三年前以来我一直在学英语.(动作还将继续下去)
2、表示在说话时刻之前刚刚结束的动作.
We have been waiting for you for half an hour.
我们已经等你半个钟头了.(动作不在继续下去)
3、有些现在完成进行时的句子等同于现在完成时的句子.
They have been living in this city for ten years.
They have lived in this city for ten years.
他们在这个城市已经住了10年了.
I have been working here for five years.
I have worked here for five years.
我在这里已经工作五年了.
4、大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子.
I have been writing a book.(动作还将继续下去)
我一直在写一本书.
I have written a book.(动作已经完成)
我已经写了一本书.
They have been building a bridge.
他们一直在造一座桥.
They have built a bridge.
他们造了一座桥.
5、表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时.
I have known him for years.
我认识他已经好几年了.
I have been knowing...
这类不能用于现在完成进行时的动词还有:love爱,like喜欢,hate讨厌,等.
现在完成进行时 - 常用句型
1.肯定句:“主语+have(has) been+动词的现在分词+其他.”例如:
I have been sitting here all the afternoon.我在这儿坐了一下午.
He has been collecting all kinds of stamps since he was ten years old.
自十岁起他就开始收集各式各样的邮票.
2.否定句:“主语+have(has) not been+动词的现在分词+其他.”例如:
They haven't been meeting each other for five years.
他们有五年没见面了.
He hasn't been teaching here these years.这些年他并没有一直在这儿教书.
3.一般疑问句:“Have(Has) + 主语 + been + 动词的现在分词”
其肯定回答:“Yes,主语 + have(has).”否定回答:“No,主语 + haven't (hasn't).”
【例如】:
— Have you been studying for the English test today?
你今天一直在准备英语测试吗?
— Yes,I have./ No,I haven't.
是的./ 不,我没有.
— Has Daniel been skating for two years?丹尼尔滑冰已经有两年了吗?
— Yes,he has./ No,he hasn't.
是的./ 不,他没有.
4.特殊疑问句:“ 特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句?”
【例如】:
What book have you been reading recently?最近你在看什么书?
How has your uncle been getting on with his work?
你叔叔的工作进展得怎么样?
注意事项
有些不能用现在进行时的动词,如be,have,like,love,know,see,hear等,同样也不能用现在完成进行时,而应用现在完成时.例如:
The poor woman has been ill for a long time.那可怜的妇人已经病了好久了.
Have you seen her parents these days? 这些天你看见她的父母了吗?
现在完成进行时 - 时态对比
现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别
1.现在完成时可以表示一个已经完成的动作,而现在完成进行时则表示一个正在进行的动作.
如:
I have read the book.我读过这本书.
I have been reading the book.我一直在读这本书.【注】有少数动词(如work,study,live,teach,stay等)
在表示持续一时间时用这两种时态含义差不多(只是用现在完成进行进更强调动作的持续性).如:How long have you worked [been working] here?
你在这儿工作多久了?
I’ve lived [been living] here since 1988.
自1988年以来我就一直住在这儿.
2.现在完成时通常只陈述事实,而现在完成进行时还可表示一种感情色彩.
如:I have waited for two hours.我等了两小时.(陈述事实)I have been waiting for two hours.我等了两个小时.(等得好辛苦)
3.现在完成进行时通常用来谈论较短暂的动作或情况,若要谈论时间延续较长的动作或情况或永久性情况,则通常用现在完成时.
如:He has lived in Paris.他(一直)住在巴黎.He has been living in Paris.他(目前)住在巴黎.(表暂时性)
4.不用于进行时态的动词通常也不用于现在完成进行时,但它们可以用于现在完成时.
如:I’ve only known her for two day.我认识她刚刚两天.They’ve been married for twenty years.他们结婚已二十年了.The war has lasted for a long time.这场战争持续了很长时间.
5.现在完成进行时不用于被动语态,若要用可用现在完成时的被动语态代替.如:The house has been painted for a month.这房子已漆了一个月.The problem has been studied for five days.这个问题已研究了五天