双宾语和宾补有什么区别?状语从句是什么?谓语可以有几个词构成?同位语是什么?英语不好,
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双宾语和宾补有什么区别?状语从句是什么?谓语可以有几个词构成?同位语是什么?英语不好,
双宾语和宾补有什么区别?状语从句是什么?谓语可以有几个词构成?同位语是什么?
英语不好,
双宾语和宾补有什么区别?状语从句是什么?谓语可以有几个词构成?同位语是什么?英语不好,
双宾语由直接宾语和间接宾语组成.直接宾语是谓语动词的承受者,间接宾语表示谓语动作的方向(对谁做)或动作的目标(为谁做),间接宾语紧接在谓语动词后,但它不能单独存在.它和直接宾语组成双宾语,例:They gave him a watch. 这里的him 是间接宾语, a watch 是直接宾语, 这种间接宾语和直接宾语同时出现的情况叫双宾语,或宾补. ㈠时间状语从句: Ⅰ.表示同时性,即主从句的谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生.其连词有:when (当……的时候), while(当……的时候), as(当……的时候), as soon as(一……就……), once(一旦……)等. ①when意为"在……时;当……时",可表示"点时间"或"段时间",从句谓语可以是终止性动词,也可以是延续性动词.如果表示从句的动作在主句的动作“之前”或“之后”发生时,多用when(=after), 不用as或 while.此外,when还含有“at that moment”的意思(= and then),引起的句子不能放在句首,也不能用as, while来替换 Ⅱ .表示先时或后时,即主句的谓语动作发生在从句之前或之后,主要连词有:after(在……之后), before(在……之前), when(=after)等. Ⅲ.表示习惯性、经常性,即从句描述的不是一次性动作,而是经常发生的习惯性动作.主要连词有every time(每次), each time(每次), whenever(每当)等. Ⅳ.表示持续性或瞬间性,主要连词有:since(自从), ever since(自从), until(直到……才/为止), till(直到……才/为止)等. “Since”and”ever since”: It is just a week since we arrived here.(It is /was… since…是常用句型)我们到这儿刚刚一星期. 主句的动作或状态持续时间较短,不能用ever since.ever放在since之前是用来表示说话者强调主句动作或状态持续时间长.ever since可以放在句末,since则不能 ㈡地点状语从句 地点状语从句是由where(在……的地方), wherever(无论哪里)引导的: Wuhan lies where the Yangtze and the Han River meet.武汉位于长江和汉水汇合处. Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者,事竟成. You’d better make a mark where you have any questions.(这里where引导的从句不是定语从句) 哪儿有问题,你最好在哪儿做个记号. He would keep in touch with us wherever he was .他无论在什么地方,总是与我们保持联系. Wherever I am I will be thinking of you. 不管我在哪里我都会想到你. ㈢原因状语从句 表示原因的状语从句可以由as(由于), because(因为), since(既然), now (that) (既然), considering that(顾及到), seeing that(由于)等连词引导: I do it because I like it.因为我喜欢我才干.(because不能与 so连用) ①如果原因是构成句子的最主要部分,一般用because.because语势最强,用来说明人所不知的原因,回答why提出的问题.一般都置于主句之后(也可以放在主句之前,用逗号隔开).在强调结构”It is/was …that …”中,也只能用because.此外,在关联词“not …but …”结构中,也用because引导的原因状语从句. ②如果原因已为人们所知,或不如句子的其余部分重要,就用as或since、since比as稍微正式一些.它们(since, as)引导的从句大多置于句首,有时放在主句之后(as从句在复合句中的位置更为灵活).例如: As he was not well,I decided to go there without him. Since this method doesn't work, let's try another. ③for表示所说的理由是一种补充说明,因此,for引导的从句可以放在括号里,而且for引导的从句一般不放在句子的开头.for的语气不及because, since, as强,为并列连词,引导的分句常放在主句之后,从句前通常用逗号,表示说话者为所做的推断和预测提供理由,或对前一分句进行补充和解释.由because引导的从句如果放在句末,且前面有逗号,则可以用for来代替.但如果不是说明直接原因,而是多种情况加以推断,就只能用for. ㈣目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的主要连词有:that, so that(以便), in order that(为了), for fear that(以便), in case(万一)等,从句中常常使用一些情态动词, ㈤ 结果状语从句 引导结果状语从句的连词有:that, so that(从句中不带情态动词), so…that(如此……以致……), such…that(如此……以致……)等. "so"and"such" such 是形容词,修饰名词或名词词组,so 是副词,只能修饰形容词或副词. so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用,形成固定搭配. so foolish such a fool so nice a flower such a nice flower so many / few flowers such nice flowers so much / little money. such rapid progress so many people such a lot of people ( so many 已成固定搭配,a lot of 虽相当于 many,但 a lot of 为名词性的,只能用such搭配.) "so that"and"such that" so…that与such…that之间的转换既为 so与such之间的转换. The boy is so young that he can't go to school. He is such a young boy that he can't go to school 1) so...that结构在某种情况下可以与enough to和too...to结构相互转换.例如: She is so short that she can't reach the buttons of the lift. =She is too short to reach the buttons of the lift. 2)so that也可以引导结果状语从句,意为"结果是;以致于".例如: They missed the bus so that they were late for class. 注:so that也可引导目的状语从句,此时可用to或in order to替换,将其改为简单句.例如: He got up early so that he could get to school on time. =He got up early to get to school on time. =In order to get to school on time,he got up early. ㈥条件状语从句 表示条件的状语从句可以由if(如果), unless(除非), in case(万一), so /as long as(只要), as/ so far as(就……而言), on condition that(条件是……), suppose(假设), supposing(假设)(仅用在问句中)等词或词组引导.一般情况下当主句是将来时的时候,从句要用一般现在时. As/So long as we don’t lose heart, we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty.只要我们不灰心,我们就能找到克服困难的方法. Send us a message in case you have any difficulty.万一你有什么困难,请给我们一个信儿. If you leave at 6 o’clock tomorrow morning, you’d better get to bed now.如果你明早6点钟走,你最好现在就上床. We’ll let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean and tidy.只要你能保持整洁,我们可以让你使用这个房间. As/So far as I know, he is an expert on DNA.据我所知,他是一个DNA专家. He’ll accept the job unless the salary is too low/ if the salary is not too low.他会接受这项工作的,除非薪水太少/如果薪水不太少的话. Suppose/Supposing we can’t get enough food, what shall we do?假设我们弄不到足够的食物,那我们怎么办? "if"and"unless" 一般情况下,unless相当于if…not,可以互换.如: I won’t let you in unless you show me your pass = I won’t let you in if you don’t show me your pass.如果你不出示通行证,我就不让你进来. 但是,在下列情况下,两者是有区别的.(1)unless引导真实条件句,if…not可以引导真实条件句或非真实条件句.(2)unless从句中有否定词时,不能换成if…not结构.(3)如果主句描述的是情感或情绪活动方面的内容,if…not结构不能换成unless.如:I’ll be quite glad if she doesn’t come this evening.(她今晚如果不来我很高兴.)(4)unless表示唯一条件,不能用and连接重复使用,if…not则可以. ㈦方式状语从句 方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引导. 1) as, (just) as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后,但在(just) as…so…结构中位于句首,这时as从句带有比喻的含义,意思是"正如…","就像",多用于正式文体,例如: Always do to the others as you would be done by. 你希望人家怎样待你,你就要怎样待人. As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我们离不开空气,犹如鱼儿离不开水. Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds. 正如打扫房屋一样,我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西. 2) as if, as though 两者的意义和用法相同,引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反,有时也用陈述语气,表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大.汉译常作"仿佛……似的","好像……似的",例如: They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed. 他们完全忽略了这些事实,就仿佛它不存在似的.(与事实相反,谓语用虚拟语气.) He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting. 他那样子就像被雷击了似的.(与事实相反,谓语用虚拟语气.) It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon. 看来天气很快就会好起来.(实现的可能性较大,谓语用陈述语气.) 说明:as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语,例如: He stared at me as if seeing me for first time. 他目不转睛地看着我,就像第一次看见我似的. He cleared his throat as if to say something. 他清了清嗓子,像要说什么似的. The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger. 波涛冲击着岩石,好像很愤怒. ㈧比较状语从句 比较状语从句常由than(比), as(与……一样)等词引导: It rains more often in Shanghai than in Beijing.上海下的雨比北京的多. Our country is as big as the whole of Europe.我们的国家同整个欧洲一样大. The result was not as/so good as I had expected.结果不如我预料的那么好. The busier he is, the happier he feels.(常见句型)他越忙越开心. ㈨让步状语从句 让步状语从句由although(尽管), though(尽管), however(无论怎样), whatever(无论什么), whoever(无论谁), whomever(无论谁), whichever(无论哪个), whenever(无论何时), wherever(无论哪里), whether(是否), no matter (who, what, where, when, etc) (无论……), even if(即使), even though(即使)等词引导.如: We won’t be discouraged even if(=even though) we fail ten times.我们就是失败十次也不泄气. 当有though, although时,后面的从句不能有but,但是 though 和yet可连用 It was an exciting game, though / although no goals were scored.那是一场精彩的球赛,尽管一个球都没进. Though the sore be healed, yet a scar 谓语 一般由动词构成 ,一个词 , 或者 两个词 ,如 情态动词+实意动词(can do) 当两个词或词组在一个句子中具有相同的语法地位而且描述相同的人或事物时,我们称它们为同位语. 比如: I don't like my boss, a slave driver. 这里my boss 和 a slave driver是同位语 You, an experienced leader, should take charge of this task. 这里you 和 an experienced leader是同位语.