英语里头的介词,谓语等,说明分类.越易懂越好.还有语法上第三人称注意,以及各种词性的单词,越详细越好.如果好的话,
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英语里头的介词,谓语等,说明分类.越易懂越好.还有语法上第三人称注意,以及各种词性的单词,越详细越好.如果好的话,
英语里头的介词,谓语等,说明分类.越易懂越好.
还有语法上第三人称注意,以及各种词性的单词,越详细越好.如果好的话,
英语里头的介词,谓语等,说明分类.越易懂越好.还有语法上第三人称注意,以及各种词性的单词,越详细越好.如果好的话,
英语介词的分类和应用
英语介词虽是小词,数量也不多,但它灵活多变,随处可见,功能强大而且难于掌握.在现代英语中,介词的地位非常重要.我们切不可小看这个小角色,不可忽视它的作用.如果你能在英语介词上下一番功夫,那么你的英语水平会有一个飞跃的提高.
英语介词分类:
按结构英语介词可分为3类:
1.简单介词(约有70个),如:in,at,on,by,with,down,for,beside,along,across等.
2.分词介词(约15个)如:during,following,considering,regarding,speaking,judg-ing,talking等.
3.成语介词(约有500个)如:out of,apart from,because of,by means of等.
按意义英语介词可分为3类:
1. 时间介词,如:at, on, in, during, over, from, for, until等.
2. 地点介词,如:at, on, in, across, to, over, between, inside, outside等.
3. 其它介词,如:by, with, about, except, instead of, due to, apart from等.
介词 -- 从不独立行动的精灵
英语介词不可单独使用,只能与不同的此类构成介词短语来在句子中担当一个成分.
常用的五种介词短语
1.介词+名词:at the door, into the bag
2.介词+代词: for me, of others
3.介词+动名词: in doing so, to my saying that
4.介词+连接副词/连接代词/what从句:over what he had better do
5.介词+连接副词/连接代词+不定式:on how to do this
其他类型的介词短语
6.介词+介词短语:from across the street, until after dinner
7.介词+副词:from below
8.介词+复合结构:with the light on
9.介词+不定式(but/except):…did nothing but watch TV/ had no choice except to lie down to sleep
介词 -- 连接词与词的纽带
英语经常用介词来表示词与词之间的关系
1. 时间
1)at表示在某一时间点: at 3 o’clock
2)in表示在某一时间段内的某一或某些点: in 2004
in表示在某段时间的结束点:I’ll see you again in a week.
3) during表示某一时间段内自始至终:during the first period
4) on表示在某一day/date或其中的某一段:on Monday, on Sunday morning
5) by表示不迟于某个时间:by now
2. 地点
1)at表示在某处(而非它处):at school
2) in表示在内部或某个范围内:in the office
3) on表示在上面与某平面接触:on the table
4) outside表示在某个范围之外:outside world
5) under表示在比某个位置低的地方或在某表面之下:under a chair
6) by表示靠近或接近:by the window
3. 原因
1)because of表示因为或以…为理由:because of my father
2) for表示动作或活动的目的、目标或意图:for sale
3) out of表示起源、来源或原因:out of duty
4. 方式
1)with表示以…方式:with skill
2)in表示以某种方式: in French, in cash, in this way
5. 方法
1) by表示方法、手段: by the back road, by bus, by working hard
2) on表示运送方式:on a train,on foot
3) in表示途径或材料: in oils
介词短语的词性:
1. 介词短语的词性--形容词
1) 常用于做定语的介词短语的介词
of: a child of six
with: a man with a suitcase
in: a girl in red
to: the key to the door
for: a war for money
about: an agreement about trade
2)常用于做表语的介词短语的介词
at: She was at a loss.
beyond;The road is beyond the hill.
in: He’s still in danger.
of: It’s of no value.
on: He is on guard.
out of: I’m out of job.
under: He’s under forty.
3) 用于做宾语补足语:
I saw George at work.
A cold kept him in bed for 7 days.
2. 介词短语的词性—副词
1)做状语,主要用于修饰谓语:
He has been here since Monday.
Bake it is for two hours.
2) 用于be+adj.结构:
She is afraid of snakes.
I’m sorry about that.
3) 修饰非谓语动词:
I asked to speak to the headmaster.
Thank you for doing this for me.
介词--短语动词中的关键角色
含有介词的短语动词
1. v.+ prep.:agree with/to/on/in, answer for, ask for, come across, go after, live on, run into, head for, look for/after/at 等.
2. v.+ adv. + prep.:come up to, go in for, run out of, do away with, keep up with, make up for, put up with等.
并列连词
并列连词 在句子中不做成分,仅表示前后关系.
1.用于连接彼此互补依存的对等的成分.
1)连接语词:slow but safe/ either this
week or next week
2)连接分句:I went and she also.
2.可分别表示下列关系.
1)转折:but, yet, however, neverthe-less
2) 因果:so, for, therefore
3) 选择:or, either…or, neither…nor
4)并列和递进:and,both…and, as well as not only…but (also)
关联词
关联词 用于引导从句.
1.名词从句: He doesn’t know what she is.
2.副词从句:If he comes, I’ll give it to you.
3.形容词从句:He’s the best student I’ve ever taught.
连接词
关联词的类别及所表示的关系 要特别注意关联词在从句中(及某些连接词在短语中)所担当的成分,这是正确使用关连词的关键.
1.连接词:引导名词从句,在从句中不做成分.
1) that(无含义):
I said that he was wrong.
2) whether(if)(表示不确定性或选择关系):
I don’t know whether it is correct.
2.连接代词
1)引导名词从句,在从句中做主语、宾语、表语和定语.
A. who/which 作主语(口语who中可做宾语,
但其前面不可有与其配合使用的介词):
I asked him who came into the room./ I asked him who(m) he saw
whom/which 做宾语:Ask him which he wants.
B. whose 做宾语(=whose thing(s)) /定语:
I wonder whose house that is.
C. what 做上面提及的各种成分:
I don’t know what I should do.
What can be done?
2)与不定式连用,在其中多做主语和宾语.
We can’t decide whom to invite.
We must decide what to do.
I couldn’t decide which to choose.
3.连接副词 引导名词从句或与不定式连用,在从句中做状语.
1) how: That’s how I look at it.
2) where: I don’t know where he lives.
3) when: Tell me when to use the tool.
4) why: I’ll tell you why you have to do it.
4.关系代词
1) who 表示人,在从句中做主语和表语(口语who中可做宾语,但其前面不可有与其配合使用的介词):
The man who spoke is my teacher.
I don’t know who he is.
The man who I saw told me that.
2) whom 表示人,在从句中做宾语和表语:The man whom I saw told me that.
3) whose 表示“某人/物的”,of which表示“某物的”, 在从句中做定语:
That’s the man whose son is my pupil.
The room whose window faces south is her bedroom.
The room of which the window faces south is her bedroom.
4) which 表示物,在从句中做主语和表语:
I like the picture which was taken
in front of the main building.
5) that 表示人/物,在从句中做主语和宾语; 注意下列关于that作为关系代词的用法.
A.现行词前有最高级形容词修饰时:
This is the best film that I’ve ever seen.
B.先行词是下列词语或为其所修饰修饰时:
the first, the last, the only, the same, the very, all, any, no, every.
This is the last chance that you have.
You are the only friend that I have.
He told me all that he knew.
C. 先行词是下列不定代词或为其所修饰修饰时:
much, little, none, everything/body, nothing, nobody.
There’s nothing in the world that can frighten him.
D. 以Who/Which开始的句子,其后的定语从句中的关系代词不使用who/which,而代之以that.
Who that knows him would trust him?
Which of these buses is the one that goes to London?
E.人和事物/动物同为先行词时:
The man and the horse that fell into the river were drowned.
6) 关系代词做介词宾语.
A.一般介词可放在whom/which的前面或其所在的从句的句尾,关系代词为that时,只可放在其所在的从句的句尾.
Is this the car for which you paid a high price?
Is this the car which you paid a high price for?
Is this the car that you paid a high price for?
Is this the car you paid a high price for?
B.介词during, except以及表示(从整体中)“分割”(出部分)的介词of等介词要放在关系代词的前面:
The years during which he was away
were long years to her.
He wrote many books, some of which
C.其介词与动词不可分割的短语动词中的介词必须放在其动词之后,不可放在关系代词之前:
This is the book which he has been looking for.
7)关系代词的省略.
A.关系代词作宾语时:
The girl I work with is coming.
B.that在定语从句中做表语时:
He is not the man that he was when I saw him first.
He is not the man he was when I saw him first.
5.关系副词 在定语从句中均做状语.
1)where 地点:
That’s one point where I’d like your advice.
2) when 时间:
At the time when I saw him, he was ill.
3) why 原因:
That is the reason why I came so early.
4) that 方式/时间/原因
I like the way that /in which he did it.
That was the first time (that) I sawhim.
The reason why/that he was dismissed is not easy to explain.
5)in which/at which = where
This is the school in which/at which/where he works.
6)for which = why
I don’t the reason for which he left.
7)on which = when
The day on which she was born was 22 September, 1988
主语:一般句子的执行者或主角。
谓语:一般句子中的动词。
宾语:一般句子中动词中的承受者。
表语:在形式上,位于系动词后的就是表语。从含义上讲,表语是回答主语“是什么”或
“怎么 样”的语法成分。
宾语是动作、行为的对象,是动作的承受者。
宾语由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任。
宾语有直接宾语和间接...
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主语:一般句子的执行者或主角。
谓语:一般句子中的动词。
宾语:一般句子中动词中的承受者。
表语:在形式上,位于系动词后的就是表语。从含义上讲,表语是回答主语“是什么”或
“怎么 样”的语法成分。
宾语是动作、行为的对象,是动作的承受者。
宾语由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任。
宾语有直接宾语和间接宾语之分。即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语,
这两个宾语称为“双宾语”。
谓语:是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明,指出“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样.
谓语动词的 位置一般在主语之后。
谓语有动词构成,依据其在句中繁简程度可把谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语两类。
不论何种时态,语态,语气,凡由一个动词(或动词词组)构成的谓语都是简单谓语。
副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念。
副 词 的 分 类:
1) 时间和频度副词:
now,then,often,always,usually,early,today, lately, next,last,already,generally,frequently, seldom,ever,never,yet,soon,too, immediately, hardly,finally,shortly, before, ago,sometimes, yesterday.
2) 地点副词:
here, there, everywhere, anywhere, in, out, inside, outside, above, below, down, back, forward, home, upstairs, downstairs, across, along, round , around, near, off, past, up, away, on.
3) 方式副词:
carefully, properly, anxiously, suddenly, normally, fast, well, calmly, politely, proudly, softly, warmly
4) 程度副词:
much,little, very,rather,so,too,still, quite, perfectly, enough, extremely, entirely,almost, slightly.
5) 疑问副词:
how, when, where, why.
6) 关系副词:
when, where, why.
7) 连接副词:
how, when, where, why, whether.
介词:on in at 根据表示方式不同,用法也不同
副词:修饰动词的词,通常是形容词后+ly。
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1、主语
主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式等充当。
He likes watching TV.他喜欢看电视。
2、谓语
谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。
一般可分为两类:
1),简单谓语
由动词(或短语动词)构成。
可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。
We study for the...
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1、主语
主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式等充当。
He likes watching TV.他喜欢看电视。
2、谓语
谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。
一般可分为两类:
1),简单谓语
由动词(或短语动词)构成。
可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。
We study for the people.我们为人民学习。
2),复合谓语:情态动词+不定式
I can speak a little English.我可以说一点英语。
3、表语
表语是谓语的一部分,它位于系动词如be之后,说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态。一般由名词,代词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词短语等充当。
My sister is a nurse.我姐姐是护士。
4、宾语
宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,能作宾语的有名词,代词,数词,动词不定式等。
We like Eng'lish.我们喜欢英语。
有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。
He gave me some ink.他给了我一点墨水。
有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如:
We make him our monitor.我们选他当班长
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介词:on in at 等
副词:修饰动词的词,通常是形容词后+ly,如 I love the girl deeply. deeply 就是副词。
主语:一般句子的执行者或主角。如上句中的 “I”。
谓语:一般句子中的动词。如上句中的 “love”。
宾语:一般句子中动词中的承受者。 如上句中的你应该能猜到吧 “ the girl”或者“girl”。
表语 ...
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介词:on in at 等
副词:修饰动词的词,通常是形容词后+ly,如 I love the girl deeply. deeply 就是副词。
主语:一般句子的执行者或主角。如上句中的 “I”。
谓语:一般句子中的动词。如上句中的 “love”。
宾语:一般句子中动词中的承受者。 如上句中的你应该能猜到吧 “ the girl”或者“girl”。
表语 predicative
在形式上,位于系动词后的就是表语。从含义上讲,表语是回答主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的语法成分。
Albert Einstein was a famous professor of physics. 阿尔伯特.爱因斯坦是一位有名的物理学家。
宾语是动作、行为的对象,是动作的承受者。宾语由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任。英语的及物动词后必须有宾语。宾语一般放及物动词之后,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。说明,除及物动词有宾语之外,英语介词后面也要有宾语。另外,某些形容词如worth,careful等后也可有宾语。宾语有直接宾语和间接宾语之分。即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语,这两个宾语称为“双宾语”。
谓语【predicate verb】是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明,指出“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样. 谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后。
谓语有动词构成,依据其在句中繁简程度可把谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语两类。不论何种时态,语态,语气,凡由一个动词(或动词词组)构成的谓语都是简单谓语。
副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念。
副 词 的 分 类:
1) 时间和频度副词:
now,then,often,always,usually,early,today, lately, next,last,already,generally,frequently, seldom,ever,never,yet,soon,too, immediately, hardly,finally,shortly, before, ago,sometimes, yesterday.
2) 地点副词:
here, there, everywhere, anywhere, in, out, inside, outside, above, below, down, back, forward, home, upstairs, downstairs, across, along, round , around, near, off, past, up, away, on.
3) 方式副词:
carefully, properly, anxiously, suddenly, normally, fast, well, calmly, politely, proudly, softly, warmly
4) 程度副词:
much,little, very,rather,so,too,still, quite, perfectly, enough, extremely, entirely,almost, slightly.
5) 疑问副词:
how, when, where, why.
6) 关系副词:
when, where, why.
7) 连接副词:
how, when, where, why, whether.
主语是执行句子的行为或动作的主体,如“我写字”中的“我”,就是主语,它做出“写”
这个动作。“写”则是谓语,而“字”是接受谓语“写”这个动作的对象,它因此被称为宾
语,有的语法书也称它为“客体”或“受体”。
主语可以这些列词类或形式来担任:名词,代词,名词化了的动词,形容词,分词,副词或
数词等,动词不定式或不定式短语,从句,某些固定词组的第二格。
例子:
Das Auto ist repariert. (名词)
汽车修好了。
Er ist ein Lehrer. (代词)
他是教师。
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