introduction to Shakespeare?不要太长

introduction to Shakespeare?不要太长
introduction to Shakespeare?
不要太长

introduction to Shakespeare?不要太长
William Shakespeare, Writer / Poet
Born: 23 April 1564
Birthplace: Stratford-upon-Avon, England
Died: 23 April 1616
Best Known As: The famed author of Romeo and Juliet
William Shakespeare is the grand literary figure of the Western world. During England's Elizabethan period he wrote dozens of plays which continue to dominate world theater 400 years later. Shakespeare handled high drama, romance and slapstick comedy with equal ease, and so famous are his words that his quotes, from "To be or not to be" to "Parting is such sweet sorrow," take up more than 70 pages in the latest editions of Bartlett's Familiar Quotations. His works rival the King James Bible (also produced in the 1600s) as a source of oft-quoted English phrases. Shakespeare is known as "the Bard of Avon," a nod to his birthplace, and many of his plays were originally performed in the famous Globe Theater in London. Among his best-known plays are Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, and MacBeth. He is also known for his poetry, especially his sonnets.
So mighty was Shakespeare's output that some scholars insist another, greater mind must have written some or all of his plays. (Sir Francis Bacon, Christopher Marlowe and Edward de Vere have all been candidates.) But this theory has never been proved... Shakespeare's precise birthdate is not known; he was baptized on 26 April 1564, and over time 23 April has become the accepted date of birth, in part because he also died on 23 April in 1616.

William Shakespeare was an English poet and playwright. Shakespeare has the reputation as one of the greatest of all writers in the English language and in Western literature , as well as one of the w...

全部展开

William Shakespeare was an English poet and playwright. Shakespeare has the reputation as one of the greatest of all writers in the English language and in Western literature , as well as one of the world's pre-eminent dramatists.
Shakespeare is among the very few playwrights who have excelled in both tragedy and comedy. Shakespeare's works have been translated into every major living language, and his plays are continually performed all around the world.
Romeo and Juliet concerns two noble families of Verona, the Montagues and the Capulets, that have feuded for generations.
Romeo attend the masque at the Capulet house, he see Juliet. They proclaim their love for one another with their "love sonnet"
Romeo remain on the Capulet estate after the party
The young lovers decide to marry without informing their parents, because they would undoubtedly disallow it due to the hate between the clans
With the help of Juliet's Nurse the two are wedded the next day. Franciscan priest Friar Lawrence, performs the ceremony,
Things take a darker turn
Tybalt, Juliet's cousin, meets up with Romeo and attempts to provoke a sword fight. Romeo refuses Mercutio, Romeo's frend takes up the challenge. Mercutio be fatally wounded by Tybalt. Mercutio dies Romeo, in his anger, slays Tybalt. The Prince punish Romeo to exile. Just after Romeo leaves, Capulet breaks the news to Juliet that he has fix the date of Paris and Juliet's wedding as three days hence
Friar Lawrence, a dabbler in herbal medicines and potions, gives Juliet a potion and a plan: the potion will put her in a death-like coma for two and forty hours; she is to take it before her marriage day, and when discovered dead, she will be laid in the family crypt. Meanwhile, the Friar will send a messenger to inform Romeo, so that he can rejoin her when she awakes. The two can then leave for Mantua and live happily ever after.
Juliet takes the potion, and things proceed as planned.
The Friar's messenger is unable to reach Romeo due to Mantua being under quarantine, and Romeo learns only of Juliet's "death" through a servant. Grief-stricken, he buys some strong poison, returns to Verona in secret, and proceeds to the Capulets' crypt, determined to join Juliet in death. Upon arrival he encounters Paris, who has also come to mourn privately for his lost love. After killing Paris in a duel, Romeo drinks the poison after seeing Juliet one last time,
Friar Lawrence then arrives and, enter upon the womb, finds the dead bodies of Romeo and Paris. It is at this point that Juliet awakes and, seeing the surrounding death, seeks answers.
Juliet cannot imagine a life without Romeo and so she stabs herself fatally with his dagger. The two lovers lie dead side by side, devoted until the last breath of life.
The two families and the Prince converge upon the tomb. They are horrified to find Romeo, Juliet, and Paris all lying dead, and Friar Laurence reveals to them the love and secret marriage of Romeo and Juliet. The feuding families are reconciled by their children's deaths and agree to end their violent feud.

收起

William Shakespeare was born in 1564, in Stratford-upon-Avon. Located in the centre of England, the town was (and still is) an important river-crossing settlement and market centre. His father, John, ...

全部展开

William Shakespeare was born in 1564, in Stratford-upon-Avon. Located in the centre of England, the town was (and still is) an important river-crossing settlement and market centre. His father, John, trained as a glove-maker and married Mary Arden, the daughter of Robert Arden, a farmer from the nearby village of Wilmcote.
Rear garden of Shakespeare's Birthplace
We do not know when or why Shakespeare left Stratford for London, or what he was doing before becoming a professional actor and dramatist in the capital. There are various traditions and stories about the so-called 'lost years' between 1585 and 1592, a period for which there is virtually no evidence concerning his life. One tale tells how he was caught poaching deer in Charlecote Park, near Stratford, and went off to London to avoid prosecution. A plausible early tradition claims Shakespeare was a schoolmaster for some years. When he was growing up, drama was a significant part of Stratford's social life. Not only did local people put on amateur shows, but the town was visited regularly by London-based companies of actors and Shakespeare may have joined one of them.
Shakespeare's first printed works were two long poems, Venus and Adonis (1593) and The Rape of Lucrece (1594). 1n 1594, Shakespeare joined others in forming a new theatre company, under the patronage of the Lord Chamberlain, with Richard Burbage as its leading actor. For almost twenty years Shakespeare was its regular dramatist, producing on average two plays a year. Burbage played roles such as Richard III, Hamlet, Othello and Lear.
Drama was a nation-wide activity in Shakespeare's time but only in London were there buildings designed specifically for performing plays. Performances took place in the afternoons, with the actors playing on a raised stage which projected halfway into the theatre. All the women's roles were performed by boys. The audience, which either stood in the yard around the stage or sat in the galleries, represented a wide social mix of people, but actors were generally regarded as rogues and vagabonds.
Some of Shakespeare's most famous tragedies were written in the early 1600s, including Hamlet and, after James I's accession, Othello, King Lear and Macbeth.
Holy Trinity Church, where Shakespeare is buried, and the River Avon
From around 1611 Shakespeare seems largely to have disengaged himself from the London theatre world and to have spent his time at his Stratford house, New Place. In March 1616 he signed his will, in which he left substantial property and other bequests to his family and friends, including theatre colleagues in the King's Men.
Shakespeare died in Stratford, aged fifty-two, on 23 April 1616, and was buried in Holy Trinity Church two days later. Within a short time a monument to him was put up, probably by his family, on the wall close to his grave. His widow, Anne, died in 1623 and was buried beside him. Shakespeare's family line came to an end with the death of his grand-daughter Elizabeth in 1670.

收起