英语翻译Precursory deformation and the final initiation of such events are rarely witnessed,nor is the subsequent failure if a natural dam formed.This study reports on both of these aspects and also describes the subsequent geomorphic impact of t

英语翻译Precursory deformation and the final initiation of such events are rarely witnessed,nor is the subsequent failure if a natural dam formed.This study reports on both of these aspects and also describes the subsequent geomorphic impact of t
英语翻译
Precursory deformation and the final initiation of such events are rarely witnessed,nor is the subsequent failure if a natural dam formed.This study reports on both of these aspects and also describes the subsequent geomorphic impact of the breach event.
Methodology
Two site visits to Bhutan were undertaken to the Tsatichhu rock-avalanche deposit and downstream region,one 7 months after the landslide occurred and another 3 months after the resulting land-slide dam failed catastrophically.In addition,interpretation of stereo aerial photographs (1999) and topographic maps obtained from the Royal Government of Bhutan,and Landsat 7 ETM+ (Global Land Cover Facility (GLCF),University of Maryland) images draped over a 90 m SRTM DEM (USGS,reprocessed by GLFC) with SRTM data holes filled using VTBuilder (Virtual Terrain Project,version 2004) was carried out.A terrestrial laser scanner survey (TLS) was under-taken at several locations to enable geometry and volumetrics to be constrained,especially where access to features of geomorphic im-portance was limited or impossible.The technique uses a laser time-of-flight,line-of-sight,reflectorless total station that allows rapid collection of 3D point data that can be surfaced to allow topologi-cal context.The technique and its applicability and limitations are discussed further in Rosser et al.(2005).
Study region
The study area is the Jarrey Geog region,Lhuentse,eastern Bhutan (Figs.1and2).The are aconsists of comparatively steeps lopes formed from schists and gneisses overlain by sub-tropically weathered soils and colluviums.The slopes are generally densely vegetated,withpri-mary forest dominating along with subsistence agriculture in the val-ley bottoms where gradient allows.Thestudy is within the Tsatichuu River,a north–easterly flowing tributary of the Wabrangchhu River that feeds into theKurichhu river,one of the principal rivers of Bhutan that hosts one of Bhutans largest HEP stations.The Kurichhu River is antecendent,with a source high on the Tibetan plateau.It flows southwards through the high Himalaya within a deeply incised,steep gorge.Further south,it passes through the southern mountains and gorges region of Bhutan (Norbu et al.2003a) before flowing onto the Assam plane of India(Fig.2).

英语翻译Precursory deformation and the final initiation of such events are rarely witnessed,nor is the subsequent failure if a natural dam formed.This study reports on both of these aspects and also describes the subsequent geomorphic impact of t
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前兆变形和最终引发这些事件很少看到的，也不是失败的，如果随后的天然坝形成的。这两个方面的这项研究报告，还介绍了违约事件后地貌的影响。
方法论
两个网站进行了访问不丹的Tsatichhu岩雪崩存款和下游地区，一个7个月后发生山体滑坡后产生的土地又滑坝3个月没有风险的。此外，立体空中拍摄的照片（1999年）和来自不丹王国政府和Landsat取得地形图诠释第7的ETM ...

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前兆变形和最终引发这些事件很少看到的，也不是失败的，如果随后的天然坝形成的。这两个方面的这项研究报告，还介绍了违约事件后地貌的影响。
方法论
两个网站进行了访问不丹的Tsatichhu岩雪崩存款和下游地区，一个7个月后发生山体滑坡后产生的土地又滑坝3个月没有风险的。此外，立体空中拍摄的照片（1999年）和来自不丹王国政府和Landsat取得地形图诠释第7的ETM +（全球土地覆盖基金（GLCF），马里兰大学）超过90米的SRTM数字高程模型（美国地质勘探局的图像披上，再加工的GLFC）与SRTM数据填充使用VTBuilder（虚拟地形项目，2004版）进行了漏洞。激光扫描仪的地面调查（TLS）的是不足采取几个地点，使几何形状和volumetrics受到限制，尤其是在访问地貌的IM - portance功能是有限的或不可能的。该技术使用了激光时间飞行，线路的视线，棱镜全站仪，允许三维点，可浮出水面，让topologi - Cal的上下文数据快速收集。该技术的适用性和局限性进行了讨论进一步罗瑟等。 （2005年）。
研究区域
研究领域是Jarrey地理区域，Lhuentse，不丹东部（Figs.1and2）。中都是相对沏从片岩和片麻岩组成洛佩斯aconsists分包覆，热带风化土壤和崩积层。斜坡一般草木茂密，withpri -玛丽森林与生活的主导在Val -莱伊在底部沿梯度允许农业。 Thestudy是在Tsatichuu河，河以北的Wabrangchhu东南流支流进入theKurichhu河，承载的不丹不丹最大的车站之一高能物理主要河流之一饲料。该Kurichhu河是antecendent，与源在西藏高原高。它深深地刻在一个流动的，陡峭的峡谷向南通过高喜马拉雅。再往南，它经过了南部山区和三峡地区的不丹（罗布林卡等al.2003a）之前到印度（图2），阿萨姆平面流动。

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