什么是独立主格?它有什么结构?应该怎么使用?

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什么是独立主格?它有什么结构?应该怎么使用?
什么是独立主格?它有什么结构?应该怎么使用?

什么是独立主格?它有什么结构?应该怎么使用?
独立主格结构
非及物动词就是cry,smile,sleep简单说就是这类你一个人就可以完成的动作,所以没有必要用被动语态.你说"我哭了",总不能转变成"我被哭了"吧?
第一个问题说来话长,不知道下面这些材料能不能帮到你~
独立主格结构本身不是句子,在句子中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、伴随等.常见的独立主格结构有如下几种:
1.名词/主格代词+现在分词.名词/主格代词与现在分词之间主谓关系.如:
The girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him),he didn”t know what to say.姑娘两眼望着他,他不知道说什么好.
Time permitting (= If time permits),we will go for an outing tomorrow.如果时间允许的话,我们明天去郊游.
2.名词/主格代词+过去分词.名词/主格代词与过去分词之间的动宾关系.如:
The problems solved (= As the problems were solved),the quality has been improved.随着问题的解决,质量已经提高了.
Her glasses broken (= Because her glasses were broken),she couldn”t see the words on the blackboard.由于眼镜摔坏了,她看不见黑板上的字.
3.名词/主格代词+不定式.名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系,且强调的是一次具体性的动作.如:
He is going to make a model plane,some old parts to help.借助于一些旧零件,他要做一个飞机模型.
They said good-bye to each other,one to go home,the other to go to the bookstore.他们道别后,一个回了家,一个去了书店.
4.名词/主格代词+形容词.如:
An air accident happened to the plane,nobody alive.那架飞机遭遇了空难,无一人生还.
So many people absent,the meeting had to be called off.这么多人缺席,会议不得不取消.
5.名词/主格代词+副词.如:
He put on his sweater wrong side out.他把毛衣穿反了.
The meeting over,they all went home.会议一结束,他们就都回家了.
6.名词/主格代词+介词短语.如:
The boy goes to the classroom,book in hand.那男孩手里拿着书去教室.
Mary was sitting near the fire,her back towards the door.玛丽靠近火炉坐着,背对着门.

独立主格
1独立主格结构的构成:名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词;
名词(代词)+形容词;
名词(代词)+副词;
名词(代词)+不定式;
名词(代词) +介词短语构成。
独立主格结构的特点:
1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。
2)名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词等是主谓关系。 ...

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独立主格
1独立主格结构的构成:名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词;
名词(代词)+形容词;
名词(代词)+副词;
名词(代词)+不定式;
名词(代词) +介词短语构成。
独立主格结构的特点:
1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。
2)名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词等是主谓关系。
3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
例如: The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday. 考试结束了,我们开始放假。
The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. 总统被谋杀了,举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. 天气允许,我们明天去看你。
This done, we went home. 工作完成后,我们才回家。
The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier. 会议结束后,每个人都想早点回家。
He came into the room, his ears red with cold. 他回到了房子里,耳朵冻得红通通的。
He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. 他夹着本厚书,走出了图书馆
2 with的复合结构作独立主格
表示伴随情况时,既可用分词的独立结构,也可用with的复合结构:with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语。例如:
He stood there, his hand raised. = He stood there, with his hand raise.他举手着站在那儿。
典型例题
The murderer was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。
A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied
答案D. with +名词(代词)+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时,其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词"手"与分词"绑"是被动关系,因此用过去分词,选D.
注意:
1) 独立主格结构使用介词的问题: 当介词是in时,其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分(如物主代词或冠词),也不用复数。但 with 的复合结构不受此限制。例如:A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.(hand前不能加his)劫匪冲进房间,手里拿着刀。
2) 当表示人体部位的词做逻辑主语时,及物动词用现在分词,不及物动词用过去分词。例如:
He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up.
他躺在那儿,牙紧咬,双手握拳,两眼直勾勾看着上面。
典型例题:
Weather___, we”ll go out for a walk.
A permitted B permitting C permits D for permitting
答案B. 本题中没有连词,它不是复合句,也不是并列句。 句中使用了逗号,且we 小写,可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构。据此判断,本句中使用的是独立结构,其结构为:名词+分词。 由于permit在这里翻译为”天气允许”,表主动,应用现在分词,故选B。
如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式,不妨将句子改为条件句,例如本句改为If weather permits, we”ll go out for a walk. 然后将if 去掉,再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可

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