新目标九年级unit4

新目标九年级unit4
新目标九年级unit4

新目标九年级unit4
Unit 4
一、知识点
1. if 引导的非真实性条件状语从句 即 虚拟语气
通过动词形式的变化来表示说话人对发生的动作或存在的状态
所持的态度或看法的动词形式称为语气,虚拟语气表示说话人所说的
话不是事实,而是一种祝愿,建议或是与事实相反的假设等.
If 引导的条件状语从句分为真实和非真实条件句,非真实条件
句应用虚拟语气.如果要表示与现在或将来事实相反时,其虚拟语气结构为：
句 型 条件从句 主 句
谓语动词形式 动词过去式(be动词一律用were) would+动词原形
即：(从句)if +主语+动词过去式(be 动词用were), 一般过去时
(主句) 主语+would+动词原形 过去将来时
如：If I had time, I would go for a walk.
如果我有时间,我就会去散步.(事实上我现在没有时间)
If I were you, I would take an umbrella.
假如我是你的话,我会带上雨伞.(事实上我不是你)
I would say no if someone asked me to be in a movie.
假如有人请我当电影演员,我会表示拒绝.(事实上瑞没有人请我当电影演员)
2. pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 I pretended to sleep just now.
pretend to be doing sth. 假装正在干某事
The students pretended to be writing when the teacher came in.
pretend +从句 假装… I pretended that I fell asleep.
3. be late for 迟到 如：
I am late for work/ school/ class/ party.
4. a few 与 a little 的区别,few 与 little 的区别
⑴ a few 一些 修饰可数名词
a little 一些 修饰不可数名词 两者表肯定意义
如：He has a few friends. 他有一些朋友.
There is a little sugar in the bottle. 在瓶子里有一些糖.
⑵ few 少数的 修饰可数名词
little 少数的 修饰不可数名词 但两者表否定意义
如：He has few friends. 他没有几个朋友.
There is little sugar in the bottle.在瓶子里没有多少糖.
5. hundred, thousand , million, billion (十亿)词前面有数词或several
一词时要不能加s ,反之,则要加s 并与of 连用, 表示数量很
多 如：several hundred/ thousand/ million/ billion people
几百/千/百万/十亿人 hundreds of trees 上百棵树
8. what if + 从句 如果…怎么办 , 要是… 又怎么样 如：
What if she doesn’t come? 要是她不来怎么办?
What if LiLei knows? 如果李雷知道了怎么办?
9. add sth. to sth. 添加…到…
如： I added some sugar to water. 我把糖添加到水里.
10. 系动词与形容词连用 get nervous 变得紧张
feel shy 觉得害羞 look friendly 看起来友好
11. too +形/副+to do sth. 太…而不能 如：
I’m too tired to stand. 我太累了而不能站.
12. help with sth. 如：They help with this problem.
help sb. do. 如：They help you relax. 他们帮助你放松
13. in public 在公共场所 如:
Don’t smoke in public. 请不要在公共场所吸烟.
14. energetic adj. 活力的 如：She is a energetic girl. 她是一个活力的女孩.
energy n. 活力 如：She has lots of energies. 她有活力.
15. ask sb. to do 叫…做某事
ask sb. not to do sth.叫…不要做某事
tell sb. to do 告诉…做某事
tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉…不要做某事
如：Teacher asked me to clean the classroom.
Teacher asked me not to clean the classroom.
16. start doing == start to do. 开始做某事 如：
He started speaking/ to speak. 他开始说话.
17. borrow sth. from sb. 从某人那里借来某物 如：
I borrowed a book from Lily. 我从莉莉那里借来一本书.
18.wait for sb.等某人 如：I am wait for him. 我正在等他.
19. introduce sb. to sb. 把某人介绍给某人 如：
I introduced Lily to Anna. 我把莉莉介绍给安娜.
20. invite sb. to do 邀请某人做某事 如：
Lily invited me to go to her home for supper. 莉莉邀请我去她家吃晚饭.
21. have dinner/ supper 吃晚饭
have lunch/ breakfast 吃午餐、吃早餐
22. plenty of 修饰不可数名词,也可以修饰可数名词 许多 如：
They have plenty of food/ apples. 他们有许多的食物/苹果.
23. 给某人某物 give sth. to sb. 如： give an apple to me
give sb. sth. give me an apple 给我一个苹果
24. get along (with)=get on (with)
①进行,进展
The business is getting along very well. 生意进展的很顺利.
How are you getting along with your English study?
你的英语学习进展的怎么样了?
②相处
Do you get along with your boss?= Do you and your boss get along?
你跟老板合得来吗?
I’m getting along very well with my classmates. 我和同学们相处得很好.
25. would rather … than … （= would … rather than）宁愿,而不愿.
前后连接两个动词原形,否定形式为：would rather not do sth
①would rather … than … = prefer … to …
但prefer … to … 若连接两个动词,动词应为v-ing 形式.
He would rather jog than play football.
=He prefers jogging to playing football.
②would rather 常单独使用,表示“宁愿做…”
He would rather watch TV at home.
③rather than = instead of 而不是（连接两个并列成分,前后对称）.
I’d prefer to go to in summer rather than in winter.
I decided to write rather than telephone.
I like going out with you rather than with him.
She enjoys listening rather than speaking.
25. in fact 事实上
26. let sb. down 让某人失望 如：
Don’t let your mother down. 不要让你的妈妈失望.
27. come up with sth. 提出 想出
如：He came up with a good idea. 他提出了一个好主意.
catch up with sb. 追上 赶上
如：Lily caught up with Anna. 莉莉赶上了安娜.
28. have experience doing 在做某事有经验 如：
I have experience teaching Chinese. 我在教英语方面有经验.
29. come out 出版,出来
如：The magazine comes out once a week. 这种杂志每周出一次.
30. by accident 偶然地,无意之中 如：
Last week I cut my finger by accident. 上个星期我不小心割到自己的手指.
31. hurry to do 匆忙… I hurry to call the police.
32. more than=over 超过
34. offer 提供 offer sb sth 给××……
offer to sb sth 主动提出干……
35. ①give sb sth=give sth to sb
类似的词还有:pass、lend、show、write、send等
②buy sb sth=buy sth for sb
类似的词还有:make、draw、cook等
36.look for寻找find找到、发现
find out指经过观察、探索、调查等弄清楚、弄明白.
discover 指发现那些客观存在而不为人所知的实情.如科学上的重大发现.
37.bring 带来 take 带走 fetch 去并拿来
38.talk to/with sb 同××说话.
tell 告诉, 分辨,辨别.
speak to sb 同××说话,做及物动词,后跟语言.
say 后跟名词、代词及宾语从句做宾语,着重强调说话内容.
39.What if …… 如果……将会怎么样?（引导条件状语从句、疑问句）
What if she doesn’t come? 她要是不来怎么办?
What if your parent don’t agree? 如果你的父母不同意怎么办?
What if you should fall sick? 如果你生病了怎么办?
40.What does/do ×× look like? 问相貌.
What’s ×× like? 问“品质性格”.
41.give a speech 做演讲 have a speech听演讲 give a report 做报告
have a report 听报告
42.permission (n.) 允许,许可 permit (v.) 允许
without permission 未经许可
43.plenty of 充足的,相当多的.修饰可数或不可数名词,只能用于肯定句.否定、疑问句中用 enough.
44.not……in the slightest=not……at all 根本不
45.a little = a bit 修饰形容词、副词 a little = a bit of 修饰不可数名词
46.the rest 其余的,可指代可数或不可数名词.The other(s) 只能指代可数名词
宾语从句 ：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语.
由连接词+ 主语+ 谓语 构成
常由下面的一些词引导：
一由that 引导 表示陈述意义 that 可省略
He says (that) he is at home. 他说他在家里.
二由if , whether 引导 表示 一般疑问意义(带有是否、已否、对否等)
I don’t know if / whether Wei Hua likes fish. 我不知道韦华是否喜欢鱼.
三由 连接代词、连接副词(疑问词) 引导 表示特殊疑问意义
Do you know what he wants to buy? 你知道他想要买什么吗?
四从句时态要与主句一致
当主句是一般现在时,从句根据情况使用任何时态
He says (that ) he is at home. 他说他在家里.
I don’t know (that) she is singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌.
She wants to know if I have finished my homework.
她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业.
Do you know when he will be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来?
当主句是一般过去时,从句应使用过去某时态(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)
He said (that) he was at home. 他说他在家里.
I didn’t know that she was singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌.
She wanted to know if I had finished m homework.
她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业.
Did you know when he would be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来?
二、短语
1、give it to charity 把它捐给慈善机构
2、medical research 医学研究
3、What if …… 如果…怎么样?
4、get nervous 紧张
5、take a big exam 参加大考
6、help with 有助于
7、in public 在公共场合
8、hardly ever 几乎不
9、the whole school 全校
10、without permission 为经许可
11、be(make) friends with 与…交朋友
12、ask one’s permission 请求××的允许
13、introduce…to… 把…介绍给…
14、invite…to do… 邀请…干…
15、social situations 社会环境
16、not… in the slightest 根本不,一点也不
17、right away 立刻,马上
18、all day 全天
19、be friendly to 对…友好
20、at lunch time 在午饭时间
21、a bit shy 有点害羞
22、English speech contest 英语演讲比赛
23、represent the class 代表班级
24、come top 名列第一（前茅）
25、let … down 使…失望
26、come up with 提出、想出
27、be sure of + n./pron.
be sure to do 相信… be sure +that 从句
28、the rest of the students 其余的学生
29、have a lot of experience (in) doing sth 在做某事方面有经验
30、deal with 对付,处理
31、come out 出版
32、give advice on… 在…方面提出意见、建议
33、by accident 偶然地,无意之中
34、hurry to do sth 匆匆忙忙干…
35、an internet friend 网友
三、句子
1.He doesn’t know if he should bring a present. 他不知道是否该带礼物.
2.You shouldn’t worry about what other people say.
你不应该考虑别人说什么.
3.What will you do if you had a million dollars?
如果你有一百万美元,你会干什么?
4.If I were you, I ‘d take a small present.
如果我是你,我会带一个小礼物.
5.I’m too tired to do well.我太累了,没考好.
6.Dogs can be a lot of trouble.狗会带来很多麻烦.
7.What are you like? 你是什么样的人?
8.I’d invite him/her to have dinner at my house.
我会邀请他（她）到我家吃饭.
9.You enjoy the company of other people.你喜欢别人的陪伴.
10. I feel nervous talking in front of many people.
我在众人面前讲话时感到紧张.
11.She always comes top in the school exams.
她在学校的考试中总是名列前茅.
12.She doesn’t want to let her friends down.她不愿让朋友失望.
13.If I were you, I’ll get out of here.如果我是你,我会离开这里.
虚拟语气
一、词的语气
指我们平常说的说话人说话的口气.（在英语中,语气除了指语调以外,最主要的是通过动词发生变化而表示不同语气）
英语中的语气分为三类：
陈述语气（用于陈述句、疑问句、感叹句）
祈使语气（用于祈使句）
虚拟语气（用于条件状语从句、宾语从句等）
二、虚拟语气
如果所说的不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、建议或是一种实现不了的空想,就用虚拟语气.
三、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法
1、真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句
eg If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus.( 真实条件状语)
If he was free, he asked me to tell stories.（真实条件状语）
If I were you, I would go at once.（非真实条件状语从句）
If there was no air, people would die.（非真实条件状语从句）
2、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法及动词形式
① 表示与现在事实相反的情况
If I were you, I’d take an umbrella.如果我是你,我会带把伞.
If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you.
如果我知道他的电话号码,我就会告诉你.（事实：不知道）
If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.
如果没有水和空气,地球上就不会有生物.(事实：地球上既有空气也有水)
If I had any money with me, I could lend you some.
如果我带钱了,我就会借给你些.（事实：没带钱）
If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他在努力些,就能通过考试了.（事实：学习不用功）
②表示与过去事实相反的情况
从句谓语动词形式 主句谓语动词形式
Had+过去分词 Should/would/could/might+have+过去分词
从句 例句 主句
①were
If+主语 ② did
③were to do
(①通常与一个表示时间状语连用)其 中were to do可能性最小,
should+动词原形. If it rained tomorrow our picnic
would be put off.
假如那天下雨,我们的郊游就推迟.

主句+should/would /might /could+动词原形


（条件）从句谓语动词形式 主句谓语动词形式
谓语动词用过去式（be用were） should/would/could/might+动词原形
eg If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her.
如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她.（事实：去晚了）
If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.
如果他听我的劝告的话,就不会犯这样的错误了.（事实：没有听我的话）
③表示对将来情况的主观推测（可能相反或可能性很小）
eg: If he would come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him.
如果他哪天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈.（事实：来的可能性很小）
If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating.
如果下周日下大雪,我们就不能去滑冰了,（事实：不知能否下雪）
If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter.
如果她下周一来这儿的话,我就会告诉她这件事得始末.
四、虚拟语气的其他用法
1、虚拟语气用在wish 后的宾语从句
a、表示与现在事实相反的愿望,谓语动词用过去式
eg: I wish I had your brains.我希望我有你那样的头脑.(事实：我根本比不上你)
b、表示过去事实相反的愿望,谓语动词：had+v-ed
eg: I wish I had known the truth of the matter.我希望我原来知道这件事的真相.（事实：原来不知道）
c、表示将来难以实现的愿望
谓语动词：should/would + 动词原形
eg: I wish I should have a chance again.很难再有这样的机会了.（事实：很难再有这样的机会了）
②虚拟语气用在suggest(建议)、insist(坚持)、demand(要求)、order(命令)等动词后的宾语从句中.
在这种用法中,无论主句谓语动词为何种时态,从句的谓语动词都用：“should + 动
词原形”或只用“动词原形”.
如 He suggested
He insisted
He demand that we (should) take the teacher’s advice
He ordered