高数 不定积分 9

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高数 不定积分 9
高数 不定积分 9

高数 不定积分 9
解法一:运用因式分解在实数范围内分解,然后配平方,最后运用反正切函数.







解法二:运用复数,在复数范围内因式分解,再运用对数积分,最后运用欧拉公式
z = |z|e^ix =|z|(cosx + isinx) 消去虚数.







解法三:表面上是凑微分的方法,实质上还是变量代换的方法.


∫[1/(1+x^4)]dx
= 1/2∫[(x^2+1)-(x^2-1)]/(1+x^4)dx
= 1/2 {∫(x^2+1)/(1+x^4) dx - ∫(x^2-1)/(1+x^4)dx }
= 1/2 {∫(1+1/x^2)dx /(x^2+1/x^2) - ∫(1-1/x^2)dx/(x^2+1/x^2)}
= 1/2 {∫d(x-1/x) /[(x-1/...

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∫[1/(1+x^4)]dx
= 1/2∫[(x^2+1)-(x^2-1)]/(1+x^4)dx
= 1/2 {∫(x^2+1)/(1+x^4) dx - ∫(x^2-1)/(1+x^4)dx }
= 1/2 {∫(1+1/x^2)dx /(x^2+1/x^2) - ∫(1-1/x^2)dx/(x^2+1/x^2)}
= 1/2 {∫d(x-1/x) /[(x-1/x)^2+2] - ∫d(x+1/x) /[(x+1/x)^2 -2] }
= 1/2 { 1/√2 ∫d[(x-1/x) /√2] /{[(x-1/x)/√2]^2+1} - ∫d(x+1/x) /[(x+1/x)^2 -2] }
= 1/2 { 1/√2 ∫d[(x-1/x) /√2] /{[(x-1/x)/√2]^2+1}
- 1/2√2 ∫d[(x+1/x) /√2] [ 1/{[(x+1/x)/√2] -1} - 1/{[(x+1/x)/√2] +1 }]
= √2/4*arctan[(x-1/x)/√2] - √2/8*ln|(x^2-x√2+1)/(x^2+x√2 +1)| + C
【或者,使用待定系数法,但较繁琐:】
∫[1/(1+x^4)]dx
=∫ 1/[(x^2-x√2+1)*(x^2+x√2 +1)]dx
=∫ { [ax+b]/[(x^2-x√2+1) + [cx+d]/(x^2+x√2 +1)] }dx
参考:
1+x^4 = (1+x²)² - 2x² = (1+x²+√2x)(1+x²-√2x)
1/(1+x^4)
= [1/(1+x²-√2x) - 1/(1+x²+√2x)]/2√2x
= 1/2√2 *[1/x + (√2-x)/(1+x²-√2x) - 1/x + (√2+x)/(1+x²+√2x)]
= 1/4√2 * [(2x+2√2)/(x²+√2x+1) - (2x-2√2)/(x²+1-√2x)]
= 1/4√2 *[(2x+√2)/(x²+√2x+1) - (2x-√2)/(x²+1-√2x) + √2/(x²+√2x+1) + √2/(x²+1-√2x)]
对(2x+√2)/(x²+√2x+1)求积分得ln(x²+√2x+1)
对(2x-√2)/(x²+1-√2x)求积分得ln(x²+1-√2x)
对√2/(x²+√2x+1)求积分得2arctan(√2x+1)
对√2/(x²-√2x+1)求积分得2arctan(√2x-1)
原式 = 1/4√2 *{ln[(x²+√2x+1))/(x²+1-√2x)] + 2arctan(√2x+1) + 2arctan(√2x-1)} + C

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