小学生应该掌握的所有英语知识什么语法啊,还有小学生该学的各类英语句子啊 什么元音字母啊 总之是所有都要 再过一年我就要小升初了
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小学生应该掌握的所有英语知识什么语法啊,还有小学生该学的各类英语句子啊 什么元音字母啊 总之是所有都要 再过一年我就要小升初了
小学生应该掌握的所有英语知识
什么语法啊,还有小学生该学的各类英语句子啊 什么元音字母啊 总之是所有都要 再过一年我就要小升初了
小学生应该掌握的所有英语知识什么语法啊,还有小学生该学的各类英语句子啊 什么元音字母啊 总之是所有都要 再过一年我就要小升初了
小升初?我才五年级.不过还是决定将学过的告诉你:(一)名词单复数
1.一般情况,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives
5.不规则名词复数:
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice
child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
不可数名词的复数就是原型: paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea
(二)名词的格
(1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格:
a)单数后加 ’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt
b)以s 结尾的复数名词后加 ’如: his friends’ bags
c)不以s 结尾的复数后加 ’s children’s shoes
l并列名词中,如果把 ’s加在最后一个名词后,表示共有, 如:
Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车
l要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加’s
Tom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车
(2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of +名词”来表示所有关系:如:a picture of the classroom a map of China
(情态)动词can,must, should 后面直接用动词原形.
eg:
1. I / He / She / They can sing.
2.You should keep quiet in the library.
四种简单时态:
一般现在时:I play football.
一般将来时:be going to…/…will …句型: I am going to go to school.
(打算、将要) It will be windy in Beijing.
一般过去时:I bought you a book. We went to the park yesterday.
现在进行时:be+动词ing 句型:I am doing my homework.
特殊问句(问什么,答什么)
Do you …? ( Does he/she …? ) Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. ( Yes’ he does. / No, he doesn’t. )
Have you got …? ( Has he got ? ) Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t. ( Yes’ he has. / No, he hasn’t. )
Can you …? Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.
Is there a book? Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t.
特殊疑问句
表示疑问,有疑问词(在开头),回答有很多种可能.
常用疑问词:
疑问词意思用法:
what用来问物品 译为“...是什么?”when用来问时间 译为“.是什么时候?”who 用来问人 译为“.是谁?”which 表选择 译为“哪一个.”how要看具体搭配单独用作疑问词.
1 问身体健康等情况.
2 问天气状况.
3.询问方式.
4.询问程度.
二、 与其它形容词或副词搭配使用
1.how old问年龄、年代.
2.how many问可数名词数量.常将可数名词复数紧随其后. 3.how much询问不可数名词的数量、物品的价格.
4.how long提问物体的长度、时间的长短 5.how soon 对 “in+一段时间 ”提问, 表示“多久之后”
6.how often对表示频率的副词或短语提问.7.how about用来征求对方意见.
8.how far 问两地间的距离how tall问人(树)的高度;how heavy问重量;how wide问宽度;how high可以询问建筑物、山峰高度.
三、how可以用来对形容词、副词强调构成感叹句.
how funny the little boy looks! 这个小男孩多有趣啊!
how beautiful the flowers in the parks are! 公园里的那些花多美啊!
注意以how开头的感叹句与以how开头的特殊疑问句的语序和句末符号是不同的.感叹句主谓不倒装,句末是感叹号,而特殊疑问句主谓要倒装,且句末为问号.试比较:
how far is the factory from here? 车站离这儿有多远?(疑问)
how far the factory is from here! 车站离这儿多远啊! (感叹)
1.字母:26个字母的大小写
AaBbCcDdEeFfGgHhIiJjKkLlMmNnOoPpQqRrSsTtUuVvwXxYyZz
2.语音:元音的发音五个元音字母:AEIOU
12个单元音:长元音:/ɑ:/,/?:/,/?:/, /i:/,/u:/短元音:/?/ /e/ /i/ / ? / /∧/ /u/ /?/
3.词汇:词汇量,近反义词4.句子:大小写,标点符号I 询问姓名、年龄.(复习代词)
1, ----What’s your你叫什么名字? ----My name is ________. ----我叫…….
2, ----How old are you? ----你几岁了?- ---I’m 12. ----我十二岁.
II 询问颜色.(复习颜色类词,颜色与心情的关系等)
1, ----What colour is it? ----它是什么颜色的? --It’s yellow and white. ----黄白相间.
2, ----What colour are they? ----它们是什么颜色的? ---They’re green. ----绿色的.
III 询问数量或价钱.(复习数词)
1, ---How many kites can you see? ----你可以看见几只风筝?--I can see 12. --我可以看见十二只风筝.
2, ----How many crayons do you have? --你有多少支彩笔? --I have 16. --我有十六支.
3, ----How many people are there in your family? ----你家有几口人? --Three. --三口人. name? ----
4,--How much is this dress? (expensive,dear/cheap ) 这件连衣裙多少钱?-It’s ninety-nine yuan.
5, -How much are these apples? -这些苹果多少钱?--They’re thirty-five yuan. ---三十五元.
一、缩略形式和完整形式:
that’s = that is what’s = what is where’s = where is
it’s = it is he’s = he is she’s = she is
I’m = I am you’re = you are they’re = they are
isn’t = is not don’t = do not let’s = let us
二、按要求写单词
A.反义词或相对应的词
1.black---white 2.yes---no 3.come---go 4.open---close
5.here---there 6.big---s 7.long---short 8.tall---short
9.new---old 10.fat---thin 11.right---wrong 12.hot---cold
13.hungry---thirsty 14.eat---drink 15.man---woman 16.boy---girl
17.father---mother 18.brother---sister 19.son---daughter 20.grandfather---grandmother
B.同音词
1.too---two---to 2.for---four 3.right---writ 4.no---know
C.人称代词 I you he she it we you they
物主代词 my your his her its our your their
I 询问姓名、年龄.
1. ----What’s your name? ----你叫什么名字?
----My name is ________. ----我叫…….
2. ----How old are you? ----你几岁了?
----I’m 12. ----我十二岁.
II 询问颜色.
1. ----What colour is it? ----它是什么颜色的?
----It’s yellow and white. ----黄白相间.
2. ----What colour are they? ----它们是什么颜色的?
----They’re green. ----绿色的.
III 询问数量或价钱.
1. ----How many kites can you see? ----你可以看见几只风筝?
-------I can see 12. ----我可以看见十二只风筝.
2. ----How many crayons do you have? ----你有多少支彩笔?
-------I have 16. ----我有十六支.
3.-----How many people are there in your family? ----你家有几口人?
-------Three. ----三口人.
4.-----How much is this dress? ----这条连衣裙多少钱?
-------It’s ninety-nine yuan. ----九十九元.
5.-----How much are these apples? ----这些苹果多少钱?
-------They’re thirty-five yuan. ----三十五元.
IV 询问时间或日期.
1. --What time is it now? ----现在几点钟?
-----It’s nine o’clock.It’s time for English class.九点.该上英语课了.
-----It’s eight o’clock. It’s time to go to bed. 八点.该上床睡觉了.
2.--What day is it today? ----今天星期几?
----It’s Monday. ----星期一.
----What do we have on Mondays? ----我们星期一上哪些课?
----We have Chinese, English, math …----语文、英语、数学……
3.----When is your birthday? ----你的生日是什么时候?
------It’s October 1st, our National Day.---十月一日,国庆节.
4.----When do you do morning exercises? ---你们什么时候做早锻炼?
------I usually do morning exercises at 8:30.--我们通常8:30做早锻炼.
V 询问方位或地方.
1. ----Where is my toy car? ----我的玩具汽车在哪儿?
-------It’s here, under the chair. ----在这儿,在椅子下面.
2.----Where is the canteen? ----餐厅在哪儿?
------It’s on the first floor ----在一楼.
3. ---Where are the keys? ----钥匙在哪儿?
------They’re in the door. ----在门上.
4.--Excuse me. Where is the library, please? 对不起,请问图书馆在哪儿?
----It’s near the post office. ----在邮局附近.
5. ---Where are you from? ----你从哪儿来?
------I’m from China. ----我从中国来.
6. ---Where does the rain come from? ----雨是从哪儿来的?
------It comes from the clouds. ----它是从云层里来的.
VI 询问想吃的东西.
1.----What would you like for breakfast / lunch / dinner ?
你早餐/中餐/晚餐想吃点什么?
------I’d like some bread and milk / rice and soup.
我想吃面包和牛奶/米饭和汤.
2.----What’s for breakfast / lunch / dinner?---早餐/中餐/晚餐吃什么?
------Hamburgers and orange juice. ----汉堡包和橙汁.
VII 询问天气状况.
1.----What’s the weather like in Beijing? ----北京的天气如何?
------It’s rainy today. How about New York? 今天是雨天.纽约呢?
------It’s sunny and hot. ----今天是晴天,天气很热.
VIII 询问身体状况或情绪.
1. ----How do you feel? ----你感觉如何?
----I feel sick. ----我觉得不舒服.
2. ----What’s the matter? ----怎么了?
----My throat is sore. / I have a sore throat.---我的喉咙疼.
3. ----How are you, Sarah? You look so happy. ---你好吗,莎拉?你看起来这么伤心.
----I failed the math test. ----我的数学考试没有通过.
IX 询问职业、身份或人物.
1.----What’s your father / mother? ---你的父亲 / 母亲是做什么的?
----He’s a doctor. / She’s a teacher.---他是一名医生./ 她是一名教师.
2.----What does your mother / father do? ---你的母亲 / 父亲是做什么的?
---She’s a TV reporter. / He’s a teacher. He teaches English.
她是一名电视台记者./他是一名教师.他教英语.
3.----Who’s that man / woman? ----那位男士 / 女士是谁?
----He’s my father. / She’s my mother. 他是我父亲. / 她是我母亲.
4.----Who’s this boy / girl? ----那个男孩儿 / 女孩儿是谁?
----He’s my brother. / She’s my sister.--他是我兄弟. / 她是我姐妹.
5.----Who’s your art teacher? ----你们的美术老师是谁?
----Miss Wang. ----王老师.
----What’s she like? ----她长什么样儿?
----She’s young and thin. ----她很年轻、苗条.
1.So + be/助动词/情牵动词/主语
前面陈述的肯定情况也适于另一人(物)时,常用到这种倒装结构,表示"另一人(物)也如此."前面陈述的否定情况也适于另一人(物)时,常用"Neither/ Nor + be/助动词/情态动词+主语."这种倒装结构.
注意:"So+主语+be/助动词/情态动词."这一句型常用于表示赞同,进一步肯定对方的看法,表示"的确如此.""是呀."
2.Turn right/left at the first/second/…crossing
这一指路的句型意为"在第一/二/……个十字路口向右/左拐."相当于Take the first /second/…turning on theright/left.
3.It takes sb.some time to do sth
此句型表示"干某事花了某人一段时间."其中的it是形式主语,后面的动词不定式(短语)才是真正的主语.
4.…think/find + it + adj. + to do sth
此句型中的it是形式宾语,不可用其它代词替代,形容词作宾语的补足语,后面的动词不定式(短语)才是真正的宾语.
5.What's wrong with…?
此句型相当于What''s the matter/ trouble with…?后跟某物作宾语时,意为"某物出什么毛病了?"后跟某人作宾语时,意为"某人怎么了?"
6.too…to…
在so…that…复合句中,that后的句子是否定句时,常与简单句too…to…(太……而不能……)进行句型转换.
在so…that…复合句中,that后的句子是肯定句时,常与简单句…enough to…进行句型转换.
7.Sorry to hear that
全句应为I''m sorry to hear that. 意为"听到此事我很难过(遗憾)."常用于对别人的不幸表示同情、遗憾之意.
8.There be 结构
a.这是英语中常见的一种结构,表示“某地有某物”其含义为“存在有”.
eg.There are twenty girls in our class.have也解释为“有”但是与there be有区别,它的含义是“所有,属有”,其主语为某人.eg.I have a nice watch.
b.There be 结构中的be动词要和后面所跟名词保持一致.
c.There is a river near our school.
否:There is not a river near our school.
问:Is there a river near our school.
回答:Yes, there is. No, there isn't.
一般现在时的变化
1. be动词的变化.
否定句:主语 be not 其它.
如:He is not a worker.他不是工人.
一般疑问句:Be 主语 其它.
如:-Are you a student?
-Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.
非凡疑问句:疑问词 一般疑问句.如:Where is my bike?
2.行为动词的变化.
否定句:主语 don't( doesn't ) 动词原形( 其它).如:
I don't like bread.
当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesn't构成否定句.如:
He doesn't often play.
一般疑问句:Do( Does ) 主语 动词原形 其它.如:
- Do you often play football?
- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句.如:
- Does she go to work by bike?
- Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
2.行为动词的变化.
否定句:主语 don't( doesn't ) 动词原形( 其它).如:
I don't like bread.
当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesn't构成否定句.如:
He doesn't often play.
一般疑问句:Do( Does ) 主语 动词原形 其它.如:
- Do you often play football?
- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句.如:
- Does she go to work by bike?
- Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
动词 s的变化规则
1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“辅音字母 y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies
一般现在时的功能
1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态.如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的.
2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作.如:I get up at six every day.我天天六点起床.
3.表示客观现实.如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转.
一般现在时的构成
1. be动词:主语 be(am,is,are) 其它.如:
I am a boy.我是一个男孩.
2.行为动词:主语 行为动词( 其它).如:
We study English.我们学习英语.
当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es".如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语.
1、肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,如:I’m a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.
There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.
2、否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,如:I’m not a student. She is not (isn’t) a doctor.
He does not (doesn’t) work in a hospital. There are not (aren’t) four fans in our classroom.
He will not (won’t) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn’t) watch TV yesterday evening.
☆注意☆ 小结:否定句主要是在肯定句的基础上加上了否定词 “not”.有动词be的句子则“not”加在be后面,可缩写成“isn’t,aren’t”,但am not 一般都分开写.没有动词be的句子则要先在主要动词的前面加上一个助动词(do,does,did),然后在它后面加上“not”,你也可以把它们缩写在一起如“don’t , doesn’t , didn’t ).这三个助动词要根据人称和时态来选择,其中“does”只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而“did”只用于一般过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用“did” .
3、一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用“yes”,或“no”来回答.
如:Are you a student? Yes, I am / No, I’m not.
Is she a doctor? Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t.
Does he work in a hospital? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.
Are there four fans in our classroom? Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t.
Are you going to buy a comic book tonight? Yes, I am. / No, I am not. (Yes, we are. / No, we aren’t.)
Will he eat lunch at 12:00? Yes, I will. / No, I will not(won’t).
Are they swimming? Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t.
Did you watch TV yesterday evening? Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.
☆注意☆ 小结:一般疑问句是在肯定句的基础上,
①把动词be调到首位,其他照写,末尾标点符号变成问号即可.
②没有动词be的句子则要在句首加上一个助动词(do,does,did)再把紧跟在后面的动词变回原形,末尾标点符号变成问号即可.
这三个助动词也要根据人称和时态来选择,其中“does”只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而“did”只用于一般过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用“did” .一般疑问句有个重要的原则就是问和答要一致,即问句里的第一个单词(助动词)和简略答句里的这个词是一致的.
4、特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)开头引导的句子.此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用“yes 、no”来回答.如:
What is this? It’s a computer.
What does he do? He’s a doctor.
Where are you going? I’m going to Beijing.
Who played football with you yesterday afternoon? Mike.
Which season do you like best? Summer.
When do you usually get up? I usually get up at 6:30.
Whose skirt is this? It’s Amy’s.
Why do you like spring best? Because I can plant trees.
How are you? I’m fine. / I’m happy.
How did you go to Xinjiang? I went to Xinjiang by train.
☆其中how又可以和其他一些形容词连用组成特殊疑问词组用来提问,如: how many(多少(数量)), how much(多少(钱)), how tall(多高), how long(多长), how big(多大), how heavy(多重)
例句:How many pencils do you have? I have three pencils.
How many girls can you see? I can see four girls.
How many desks are there in your classroom? There are 51.
☆小结:how many 用来提问可数名词的数量,主要有以上三种句式搭配,
How many + 名词复数 + do you have? 你有多少……?
How many + 名词复数 + can you see? 你能看见多少……?
How many + 名词复数 + are there…? 有多少……?
this,that和it用法
(1)this和that是指示代词,it是人称代词.
(2)距离说话人近的人或物用this, 距离说话人远的人或物用that.如: This is a flower. 这是一朵花.(近处)
That is a tree. 那是一棵树.(远处)
(3)放在一起的两样东西,先说this, 后说that.如:
This is a pen. That is a pencil. 这是一支钢笔.那是一支铅笔.
(4)向别人介绍某人时说This is…, 不说That is….如:
This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom. 这是海伦,海伦,这是汤姆.
(5)This is 不能缩写, 而That is可以缩写.如:
This is a bike. That’s a car. 这是一辆自行车.那是一辆轿车.
(6)打电话时,介绍自己用this, 询问对方用that.如:
-Hello! Is that Miss Green? 喂,是格林小姐吗?
-Yes, this is. Who’s that? 是的,我是,你是谁?
注意:虽然汉语中使用“我”和“你”,但英语中打电话时绝不可以说:I am…, Are you…?/Who are you?
(7)在回答this或that作主语的疑问句时, 要用it代替this或that.如:
①-Is this a notebook? 这是笔记本吗?
-Yes, it is. 是的,它是.
②-What’s that? 那是什么?
-It’s a kite. 是只风筝.
(1)There be句型主要用以表达“某处(某时)有某人(某物).”其基本结构为“There be+某物(某人)+某地(某时)”其中there是引导词,没有词义;主语是be后面的名词, be是谓语动词,在一般现在时中be只用is和are两种形式.下面这首歌诀可帮你巧记there be句型结构:
There be放句首,主语跟在后.地、时放句末,强调置前头.如:
There is a book on the desk.
有时为了强调地点,也可把介词短语放在句首.如:
On the desk there is a book.
(2)There be句型中的be动词如何确定呢?请先看看下面这首歌诀:
Be动词,有三个,am,is还有are.“There be”真特别,不留am只留俩,那就是is还有are.要用is还是are,须看其后的名词是单数还是复数.若是单数或不可数名词用is,否则就用are.如:
①There is a tree behind the house.
②There is some water(水)in the bottle(瓶子).
③There are some pears in the box.
(3)注意:如果“be”后的主语是由and连接的两个或两个以上的名词,那么be的形式要遵循“远亲不如近邻”的原则.也就是说,“be”的形式是由与它最近的那个名词来确定的.若那个名词是单数或不可数名词要用is,是复数就用are.如:
①There is a book and some pens on the floor.
②There are some pens and a book on the floor.