突破议论文

篇一：高中语文作文：议论文写作突破

议论文写作突破

学习写作就是学习思考。

思考不是一种准备工作，而是一种与写作同步进行的活动。

滴水穿石

始终如一；

持之以恒；

然而，在石灰岩溶洞中，水滴不但石不穿，相反长出石笋来。——独特的、创新的论点是在具体分析的过程中层层衍生出来的。

到了高中，就要提升为议论，要往相反的方面去思考，人的思想品格和环境的关系。 逆境（顺境）成功（失败）细节（整体）

出污泥而不染——近朱者赤，近墨者黑

有缘千里来相会——不是冤家不聚头

浪子回头金不换——狗改不了吃屎

兔子不吃窝边草——近水楼台先得月

我们要让同学们会动脑筋，会分析

问题，就要从“矛盾”的分析开始。

突破点之一：

正确提炼中心论点

2012年高考作文试题（17个）

材料作文：16个

材料＋命题作文：1个（江苏）

新材料作文：

阅读材料（理解、把握，寻找写作切入点）是一道客观存在的“门槛”。

是否符合题意，是作文能否及格的“分水岭”。

材料作文?°材料?±的类型：

1．故事、寓言、漫画、对话

2．名言警句3．社会现象

——从感性到理性

4．诗歌5．图画

——从理性到理性

材料作文审题：

既要整体把握，又须抓关键词句及其之间的辩证关系，注意领会材料的中心、倾向。忌：抓住与中心无关的只言片语。

阅读下面这首诗，根据要求作文。

吴兴杂诗[清]阮元

交流四水抱城斜，散作千溪遍万家。

深处种菱浅种稻，不深不浅种荷花。

交流四水抱城斜——团结力量大

散作千溪遍万家——贡献是一种美德、洒脱

荷花——出淤泥而不染

阅读下列材料，按要求作文。（2011北京）

鹿特丹世乒赛结束后，师生门一起议论。

生甲：太好了，中国对又包揽了全部冠军，

这叫实至名归，竞技体育就得靠实力说话。

生乙：但我更愿意看见外国选手成功挑战中

国名将，一个国家长期垄断某项体育比赛的

金牌，其实并不利于这一项目的发展。

生丙：有人主张中国队应让出一两枚金牌，

我不赞成。如果故意输球，就有违公平竞争

的原则和奥林匹克精神。

……

老师：同学们说的都有一定的道理，有

些道理不仅体现在乒乓球运动上，也适

用于其他社会生活领域。

要求：根据以上材料，自选角度，自拟

题目，联系实际，写一篇不少于800字的

文章，除诗歌外，文体不限。

【分角度法】 【抓关键词法】

生甲：太好了，中国对又包揽了全部冠

军，这叫实至名归，竞技体育就得靠实

力说话。

生甲：?°实力说话?±

→实力与冠军

→实力与成功

生乙：但我更愿意看见外国选手成功挑

战中国名将，一个国家长期垄断某项体

育比赛的金牌，其实并不利于这一项目

的发展。

生乙：垄断与发展

生丙：有人主张中国队应让出一两枚金牌，

我不赞成。如果故意输球，就有违公平竞争

的原则和奥林匹克精神。

生丙：

故意输球→公平竞争的原则→奥林匹克精神

《让与不让》 《制约与发展》

《?°包揽?±后的反思》

有一种热带观赏鱼，在小鱼缸里不管养多

长时间，也只能长到3寸来长。然而，将这种

鱼放到大水池中，两个月就可以长到一尺长。

——人才成长需要自由空间（环境）

狼是一种有极强好奇心的动物，它们对周

围的环境总是充满兴趣，不断体验，从而躲

避危险，发现实物，顽强地生存下来。

——人才成长需要好奇心（学习主动性）

心理学家罗森塔尔曾随机挑选出一些学生

作为“最有前途者”，然后将名单交给班主任。

由于老师对这些学生寄予了更大的期望，八

个月后，他们的成绩明显提高。

——人才成长需要老师的期望（自信心）

定规律的。

【分角度法】

犹太王大卫在戒指上刻有一句铭文：?°一切

都会过去。?±

契诃夫小说中的一个人物在戒指上也刻有

一句铭文：?°一切都不会过去。?±

这两句寓有深意的铭文，引起了你怎样的

思考？自选角度，自拟题目，写一篇文章。

要求：（1）不少于800字；（2）不要写成

诗歌；（3）不得透露个人相关信息。

【对立统一法】可以侧重某一方面

运动中的赛跑，是在有限的路程

内看你使用了多少时间；人生中的

赛跑，是在有限的时间内看你跑了

多少路程。（冯骥才）

——2012福建高考作文

【矛盾思辨法】

有人说，不要老想着你没有什

么，要想到你拥有什么；也有人

说，不要老想着你拥有什么，要想

到你没有什么。

?a?a2012年江西高考试题

【对立统一法】

新材料作文构思的思维轨迹大致如下：

审题→角度选择→

提炼论点→切分分论点

?提炼论点：如果选择“小孩（学生）”

角度?a→提炼出“学生应提高自身遭遇挫折的承受力”的观点，并以之作为议论文的中心论点。

切分分论点：

“是什么”：分类列举，阐释内涵

“为什么”：追根溯源，探究原因

“怎么办”：推行做法，解决问题

“会怎样”：正面反面，推论结果

一般切分3个分论点

“怎么办”——

⑴学生要充分认识学习、生活的艰辛；

⑵学生要正确对待人生道路上的坎坷；

⑶学生要在战胜困难中锻炼成长。

命题作文

1．仔细审题（弄清概念的内涵）

《国际歌》?a?a《国歌》

《我的母亲》?a?a《我的母校》

《愿景》?a?a《愿望》《前景》

?°所向往的前景?±

辨别近义词（相邻的概念）：

诚信?a?a诚实、忠诚坚韧?a?a坚强

拒绝平庸（2011年江苏）

拒绝平凡

（一般情况下，基本切题）

拒绝庸俗

（不切题，五类卷以下）

雄鹰高飞，骏马奔腾；姑娘爱漂亮，

小伙爱潇洒，各人有各人的习惯。

雄鹰高飞，骏马奔腾——动物的本性

姑娘爱漂亮，小伙爱潇洒——青年的爱好

2．辨析、选择词语本义、引申义、比喻义

季节 路考试

请以“旧书”为题写一篇作文。

“旧”与“新”是相对的

生活就是一本大书：阅历、经历也是书

（听君一席话 ，胜读十年书）睿智的老人

（观山如读史）山峦、河床、石刻、城堞、大树

《读沧海》《读山》《读水》

4．抓带材料命题作文的核心?a?a题目

有人说，要让孩子赢在起跑线上。

也有人说，成功的人不是赢在起点，而是

赢在转折点。

有人说，失败后的重新振作是一个起点，

也是一个转折点。

也有人说，?°跳槽?±是一个起点，也是一

个转折点。

……

请以?°起点与转折点?±为题，写一篇议论文。

大千世界，“原点”无所不在，“原

点”可以是道路的起点，可以是长河的源头，

可以是坐标的中心，可以是事物的根

本?-?-

请以“回到原点”为标题，联系生活体

验与认识，写一篇文章，自定文体，不

少于800个字。

3．抓住短语、句子题型的?°题眼?±

?找回童年

?我想握住你的手

?这也是一种

?我有一双隐形的翅膀

突破点之二：

搭建议论文的基本结构

◆议论文基本结构：

一、引论（提出问题）：由?°材料?±或题目提出自己的论点（判断句）。50?a100字

二、本论（分析问题）:

200?a250字

1、分论点之一＋事例＋议论（或夹叙夹议）

2、分论点之二＋事例＋议论

3、分论点之三＋事例＋议论

三、结论（解决问题）：总结全文。100字内

◆写作的思维轨迹（即作文的脉络）：

以“材料”为圆心的圆周状（像卫星绕着地球转），而不是射线状。

第1段任务：

1、定向概述原材料；

2、引出（从何来，怎么得出）自己的观点（即全文一以贯之的论点）。

篇二：议论文突破

议论文突破

议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表见解或提出主张的说理性文章。议论文的目的不仅是客观的解释事物，还力图说服读者相信并接受某一观点。英语议论文不完全等同于汉语的议论文，它涉及的范围要小得多。有人把英语中的议论文旧理解为论证文、推理文或辩论文，还有人直接将议论文归入到了说明文当中。但笔者认为就写作目的与写作手法而言，英语议论文与英语说明文还是有一定的区别的。首先，英语说明文主要是对提出的主题进行“说明”和“阐述”，并不进行正反评判和推理，也不强迫读者接受作者的观点；而英语议论文主要是就某一主题，在摆出正反两方面观点的基础上，通过论证、推理辩论等手段，试图让读者最终接受作者对这一主题的某种观点。尽管有时也不一定非常明确的交待正反观点，但力图通过推理让读者赞同自己的观点始终是英语议论文的主要目的。

议论文的应用范围很广，除了学术论文外，社论、评论、杂文，随感等都属议论文的范畴。

不管是在汉语中，还是在英语中，议论文都是由论点（作者的观点，也就是被证明的对象、论据（用来证明论点的依据，是说明论点的理由和材料）和论证（运用论据证明论点的过程与方法），这三个要素构成的，这也是一个提出问题——分析问题——解决问题的过程。因此，典型的议论文一般就由序论（提出问题，即what）、本论（分析问题，即why）和结论（解决问题，即how）三个部分构成，其具体的结构模式又有以下三种：

模式一：引言段（提出观点）——正方论点心（支持作者的观点的较弱论点）、正方论点2（支持作者的观点的较强论点）、正方论点3（支持作者观点的最强论点）——结论段（总结+解决方法，论断或建议）

在这种模式中，文章主体段（中间部分）的每一个部分论述一个论点，这些论点以其重要性按序排列，最有力、最重要的论点在最后面，以示强调。

模式二：引言段（提出观点）——反面意见（反方观点+作者的反驳）、正方论点1（支持作者观点的较弱论点）、正方论点2（支持作者观点的较强论点）、正方论点3（支持作者观点的最强论点）——结论段（总结+解决方法，论断或建议）

在这种模式中，文章立体段的一开始就提出对立方的反面意见及作者对这种意见的反驳，以后各部分仍分别陈述作者的不同论点。

模式三：引言段（提出观点）——反方观点1+进行反驳的正方论点、反方观点2+进行反驳的正方论点、反方观点3+进行反驳的正方论点——结论段（总结+解决方法，论断或建议）

在这种模式中，作者在文章主体段的每一部分都先提出一个反面观点，然后再进行反驳。 议论文有自己的语言个性，它不同于记叙文的生动形象，也不同于说明文的简明易懂。议论是对具体事物、事理作出的理论上分析与阐述，因此，它的语言自然客观的、抽象的、概括的。同时，它的语言也很准确，合乎逻辑。文中会较多地使用，诸如since（既然），now that（既然），therefore（因而），in that case（在那种情况下），so（所以），It follows that?（因而?），If?，we may conclude that ?（如果??，我们可以这样下结论??），Should it be the case （如果是这样的话??），Idon?t want to?,but?（我并不想??），It is true that?,but?（诚然??但是??）,Even if ?（即使??）等有辩论和推理含义的连接和过渡词语与结构，以增强语言的准确性和逻辑性。此外，作者的写作态度一般也较诚恳，在文章中通常使用的是与读者平等交流的语气，不会给人以居高临下、以势居人、逼人接受的感觉，在遣词造句方面多使用虚拟语气、让步状语从句和can, may, might, could, would, should等情态动词。

同学们在解答议论文体的完形填空时，首先要读懂第一节，尤其是文章的第一句话， 这样就可以迅速找到文章所要论证的观点，进而理解全文的主旨大意。其次要恶心体会，作

者谋篇布局的方法，了解各个段落的功能，感受作者论证的过程。最后再循着作者的思路重读全文，推敲各空答案。

请看下面的例题：

（一）

Recently, a professor of philosophy(哲学) in the United States has written a book called Money and the Meaning of Life. He has 1._____ that how we deal with money in our day to day life has more meaning than we usually 2._____. One of the exercises he has asked his students to do is to keep a 3_____ of every penny they spend for a week. From the 4._____ they spend their money, they can see what they really 5._____ in life.

The professor says our 6._____ with others often becomes clearly defined(明确) when money enters the picture. You 7._____ have wonderful friendship with somebody and you think that you are very good friends. But you will know him only when you ask him to lend you some

8._____. If he does, it brings something to the relationship that seems 9._____ than ever before.

10._____it can suddenly weaken the relationship if he doesn?t.

Since money is so important to us, we consider those who are 11._____ to be very important. The professor 12._____some rich people in researching his book.

Question: What is the most 13._____ thing you have discovered about being rich?

Answer: The most surprising thing is why people give me so much 14._____. I am nothing. I don?t know much. All I am is rich.

People just have an idea of making more and more money, but what is it 15._____? How

much money do I need for any given 16._____ in my life? In his book, the professor uncovered an important 17._____ in modern society: to bring back the idea that the money is an instrument

18._____than the end. Money plays an important 19._____ in the material world, but 20._____ money to give happiness may be missing the meaning of life.

1.A.pointed B. studiedC. discovered D. noticed

2.A.imagine B. think C. recognize D. plan

3.A.secrectB. diary C. promiseD. record

4.A.way B. method C. opinion D. attitude

5.A.mean B. value C. get D. make

6.A.work B. friendshipC. relation D. union

7.A.shouldB. must C. had to D. might

8.A.cars B. books C. rooms D. money

9.A.stronger B. weakerC. worseD. looser

10.A.But B. Otherwise C. AndD. Then

11.A.rich B. poor C. helpfulD. ordinary

12.A.saw B. interviewedC. questioned D. knew

13.A.puzzling B. disappointing C. surprisingD. interesting

14.A.worryB. doubtC. hate D. respect

15.A.aboutB. against C. for D. at

16.A.achievemant B. resultC. purpose D. success

17.A.need B. discoveryC. lack D. event

18.A.better B. rather C. more D. less

19.A.action B. performanceC. role D. trick

20.A.demanding B. hoping C. getting D. expecting

内容概要：本文阐述了金钱在生活中的意义和作用，文章认为钱只是一种工具而不应该是追求的目标。

答案简析：

1、选C。discover表示发现某一现象，在此较为合乎逻辑。第17空前的uncover一词对此也有启示作用。

2、选B。这里强调的是人们的普遍观点，故用think。

3、选D。keep a record 意为“记录??”，符合教授的意图。

4、选A。记下花钱的“方式”，有助于人们反思自己在生活中，实际上总是注重一些什么东西。

5、选B。value 意为“珍惜”、“重视”。

6、选C。relation（关系）是中性词，合乎这里的情境。

7、选D。might表示“也许”，在几个词中语气最弱，符合下一句所揭示的语境。

8、选D。由下文可知，这里指“借钱”。

9、选A。愿意借钱了，关系自然比以前更牢固。从下一句的weaken一词中也能得到启示。

10、选B。otherwise 意为“否则”或“反过来”，它表示对立关系，而but 表示“转折”关系，即不一定是相反的关系。该句表示借钱怎么样，不借钱怎么样，故用otherwise 更为合适。

11、选A。由“钱很重要”推断出“有钱人也很重要”，合乎逻辑。另下一句中也提到了rich people。

12、选B。interview 表示“拜访、采访”；question 表示提问，用在警察对普通人，老师对学生等场合较多。为了写书而对他人进行访谈，似乎用interview更好些。

13、选C。下一句重现了该词。

14、选D。由后面三句话不难推知，此处应为一个表示积极意义的态度。

15、选C。what for 表示原因，下文解释了这方面的原因。

16、选C。given purpose意思为设定好的目标，此句意为“要多少钱来实现一生中的那些目标呢”。

17、选A。冒号后就是“需求”的具体内容。

18、选B。rather than 意为“而不是”，the end 表示“目的”。

19、选C。根据意义和搭配选定。

20、选D。根据意义和搭配可以排除另三项。

（二）

I consider myself something of an expert on apologies. A quick temper(脾气) has 1._____ me with plenty of opportunities(机会) to make them. In one of my earliest 2._____, my mother is telling me, “Don?t watch the 3._____ when you say, ?I?m sorry. Hold your head up and look the person in the 4._____, so he?ll know you 5._____ it.

My mother thus made the key point of a(n) 6._____ apology: it must be direct. You must never

7._____ to be doing something else. You do not 8._____ a pile of letters while apologizing to a person 9._____ in position after blaming him or her for a mistake that turned out to be your

10._____. You do not apologize to a hostess(女主人), whose guest of honor you treat 11._____, by sending flowers the next day without mentioning your bad 12._____.

One of the important things you should do for an 13._____ apology is readiness to 14._____ the responsibility(责任) for our careless mistakes. We are used to making excuses, which leaves no 15._____ for the other person to 16._____ us. Since most people are open-hearted, the

no-excuse apology leaves both parties feeling 17._____ about themselves. That, after all, is the

18._____ of every apology. It 19._____ little whether the apologizer is wholly or only partly at fault: answering for one?s 20._____ encourages others to take their share of the blame.

1.A.provided B. mixedC. comparedD. treated

2.A.dreamsB. courses C. memories D. ideas

3.A.side B. ground C. wall D. bottom

4.A.mind B. soul C. faceD. eye

5.A.imagine B. enjoyC. mean D. regret

6.A.usefulB. successful C. equal D. basic

7.A.pretend B. forget C. refuse D. expect

8.A.hold on B. put away C. look through D. pick up

9.A.poorerB. weakerC. worse D. lower

10.A.fault B. reasonC. result D. duty

11.A.cruelly B. freely C. roughly D. foolishly

12.A.manners B. excuses C. efforts D. roles

13.A.activeB. effective C. extra D. easy

14.A.raise B. perform C. admit D. bear

15.A.situation B. needC. signD. room

16.A.adviseB. forgive C. warnD. blame

17.A.wiser B. warmer C. better D. cleverer

18.A.purpose B. method C. endD. advantage

19.A.cares B. matters C. depends D. remains

20.A.facts B. states C. rightsD. actions

内容概要：本文阐述了一个观点，道歉要真诚，要敢于承担责任，同时也批评了一些“假”道歉的行为。

答案简析：

1、选A。provide ? with意为“向??提供??”，这一说法颇具幽默色彩。

2、选C。紧接着的就是作者回忆出来的内容。

3、选B。与后面提到的“要抬起头”正好相反。

4、选D。道歉时看着对方的眼睛，以示真诚，在这一点上中西方是一样的。

5、选C。mean it意为“这样对方就会明白你有道歉的意思”。it在这里指道歉的行为。

6、选B。冒号后的内容即为“成功的”道歉的一些基本特征。

7、选A。根据常识选定。

8、选C。其他三个选项不合语境。

9、选D。职位一般论的是高、低。

10、选A。与前面的mistake同义。turn out意为“后来证明是”。

11、选C。roughly此处表示对待客人不礼貌，服务不到位。从前面的要不要道歉的讨论可以猜出这一答案。

12、选A。bad manners 意为不礼貌的行为，从treat roughly这一信息不难推测出这一答案。

13、选B。effective与successful有异曲同工之妙。

14、选D。bear the responsibility（承担责任），系习惯搭配。

15、选D。leave no room不留余地。

16、选B。经常找借口，那么也就会不留余地地给别人来“原谅”自己。

17、选C。better表示“心情更舒畅”。未找借口的道歉，即真诚的道歉，对方的感觉一定很好。

18、选A。道歉的最终“目的”是化干戈为玉帛，大家和好如初，所以用purpose。 end表示“目的”时用复数较多，而且不及purpose直接。

19、选B。道歉者是全部还是部分承担责任这些都不太重要：关键是为所作所为主动负责，这也能促使别人共同承担责任。 根据语境不难排除另三个选项。

20、选D。根据行文逻辑应该是对自己的“行动”负责。answer for在此意为“对?? 负责”。

（三）

Are you carrying too much on your back at school? Lots of kids(孩子) at the same age as you are.

Not only are students in China 1_____ from this problem, but kids in the United States are 2____ fed up with（饱受??之苦） heavy school bags.

Experts are starting to 3_____ that more and more young students are having back and neck problems as a result of school bags 4_____ too heavy for them.

“It?s hard for me to get up the 5_____ with my bag because it?s so heavy,” said Rich

Hammond, 6_____11-year-old student in the US.

Rick is among the students who have 7_____ backpacks（背包）with two straps(带子) to carry them, 8____ a number of other students choose rolling backpacks.

But even with rolling backpacks, 9____ up stairs and buses with them is 10____ a problem for kids. Many of them have hurt their knees, backs or necks because of heavy school bags.

But how much is too 11_____? Experts say students should carry 12____ more than 10 to 15 per cent of their own body weight.

Scott Bautch, a Wisconsin 13_____doctor, said kids under 4th grade should 14____with 10 per cent. But it?s also important that older kids don?t go 15____ 15 percent, because their bones are still growing.

Bautch explained that there are other injuries caused by backpacks. “Kids are 16_____ their balance and falling down with these backpacks,” he said.

Parents and teachers are starting to tell the kids to only take 17_____ library books they will be reading that night. Some teachers are using worksheets(作业纸) or 18_____ workbooks for students to take home.

One of the best answers is, as some 19_____ themselves suggested, to have no homework 20_____!

1.A.meeting B. facing C. experiencing D. suffering

2.A.already B. always C. yet D. also

3.A.explain B. say C. worry D. announce

4.A.beingB. be C. are D. is

5.A.schools B. stairsC. houses D. homes

6.A.this B. that C. a D. an

7.A.special B. unusual C. ordinary D. regular

8.A.when B. then C. but D. and

9.A.getting B. climbing C. going D. turning

10.A.only B. still C. evenD. just

篇三：突破议论文

突破议论文

一 怎样确定一篇文章是议论文

议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表见解或提出主张的说理性文章。议论文的目的不仅是客观的解释事物，还力图说服读者相信并接受某一观点。英语议论文与英语说明文还是有一定的区别的。首先，英语说明文主要是对提出的主题进行“说明”和“阐述”，并不进行正反评判和推理，也不强迫读者接受作者的观点；而英语议论文主要是就某一主题，在摆出正反两方面观点的基础上，通过论证、推理辩论等手段，试图让读者最终接受作者对这一主题的某种观点。尽管有时也不一定非常明确的交待正反观点，但力图通过推理让读者赞同自己的观点始终是英语议论文的主要目的。怎样确定一篇文章是议论文？就看是否以表达观点为主。表达观点为主的就是议论文。注意：有些文章在论证观点时用故事作为论据，因此要确定观点是否是主要内容。

二 阅读议论文应该注意以下几点：

1主题句和主题词，并对文章的结构作快速、简单的预测。

2作者往往通过关联词的运用来建立句与句之间的联系、有效地组织段落。诸如since（既然），now that（既然），therefore（因而），in that case（在那种情况下），so（所以），It follows that…（因而…），If…，we may conclude that …（如果……，我们可以这样下结论……），Should it be the case （如果是这样的话……），I don?t want to…,but…（我并不想……），It is true that…,but…（诚然……但是……）,Even if …（即使……）等有辩论和推理含义的连接和过渡词语与结构，以增强语言的准确性和逻辑性。所以，对关联词的准确判断是至关重要的。

三 议论文阅读重点

议论文重点是要找出what, why。英语论议论文的主旨通常在语篇开头，少部分在篇尾，偶尔在篇中。一般要求我们中学生阅读的议论文，大多主旨在语篇开头。因此我们阅读议论文时，一定要非常注意议论文的开篇，往往能一下子找到中心大意。

1

Letter to Editor of TV Weekly

Dear Sir/Madam,

I read Alison Burnham?s review of when we were 12, and I do not agree with her. I thought the programme was wonderful — I found the old news pictures really interesting — they helped to bring to life the stories the people were telling.

The programme reminds me of many things from my own childhood. For example, one day when I was about five, I was going to school on the bus by myself (this was the late 1960s). My mother had given me exactly the right money for a return ticket. I held out my hand with the money in it — one big coin on top of one little coin. The bus conductor took the big top coin only and she gave me a ticket, but it was a pink one for a single journey. I needed a white one for a return journey, but I was too frightened to say anything. When school finished for the day, I couldn?t catch the bus home — I had to walk. As a grown-up, whenever I?ve been in a situation where I need to say something or take some action, this early memory of my bus ride comes back to me, and I?m able to take control of the situation.

I would like to say to the director, Bret Chrysler, carry on making this kind of programme. Too much TV these days is quiz shows and so called “reality programmes”.I appreciate the human story that can make me laugh and cry.

Yours faithfully,

Chris Daniels

68. What is Chris Daniels? purpose of writing this letter?

A. To persuade Bret Chrysler to turn away from quiz shows.

B. To entertain other readers with old news pictures.

C. To express his appreciation of the programme.

D. To have his story told on the programme.

69. Chris Daniels tells the story about the bus ticket to.

A. describe how painful his early experience was

B. draw a direct response from Alison Burnham

C. show how the programme made him thinkD. teach the readers of TV Weekly a lesson

70. According to the passage, Chris Daniels had to walk home because.

A. he hadn?t got a return ticket B. he had lost his bus ticket

C. he didn?t like big crowds D. he missed the bus home

71. What does Chris Daniels now think about his experience on the bus?

A. He should have told the conductor then. B. He should have been well treated.

C. He regrets going to school alone.D. He wishes it hadn?t happened.

2

With a good shopping position and the right amount（数量）of money , any educated person ought to be able to make a living out of a bookshop . It is not a difficult trade to learn and the large chain-stores can never force the small bookseller out of existence as they have done to the corner shop. But the hours of work are very long-I was only doing a part-time job , but my boss put in a seventy-hour week ,besides regular journeys out of shopping hours to buy books .

The real reason why I should not like to be back in the book trade for life , however , is that while I was in it I lost my love of books . A bookseller cannot always tell the truth about his books, and that gives him a dislike for them. There was a time when I really did love books—loved the sight and smell and feel of them—if they were fifty or more years old , that is . Nothing pleased me quite so much as to buy a bargain lot of them on sale for several pounds. There is a peculiar flavour（独特的味道）about the unexpected books you pick up in that kind of collection: Little-known eighteenth-century poets, or out-of-date geography books. For occasional（偶尔的）reading—in your bath , for example , or late at night when you are too tired to go to bed—there is nothing as good as a very old picture story-book .

But as soon as I went to work in the bookshop I stopped buying books. Seen in a mass. five or ten thousand at a time , books were dull and even a little tiresome . Nowadays I do buy one occasionally , but only if it is a book that I want to read and can?t borrow , and I never buy rubbish .

64. According to the passage, ________is one of the necessary conditions to run a bookshop.

A. an educated shop-ownerB. a good position at a street corner

C. a regular journey out of the shop D. the force of large chain-stores

65. The author should not like to be back as a bookseller for life because________.

A. he hated his job of selling books B. selling books was only a part-time job

C. the books in the shop gave him a dislike

D. he was unable to be honest about the books he sold

66. The books preferred by the author should be those ________ .

A. stories making readers sleeplessB. valuable ones bought on sale

C. peculiar ones with great expectation D. geography ones from the eighteenth century

67. The author will only buy new books ________.

A. if he feels dull and tiredB. after he gives up his job as a bookseller

C. which are interesting but hard to borrow D. when he throws away old ones

3

We are all interested in equality, but while some people try to protect the school and examination system in the name of equality, other, still in the name of equality, want only to destroy it.

Any society which is interested in equality of opportunity and standards of achievement must regularly test its pupils. The standards may be changed—no examination is perfect—but to have to tests or examinations would mean the end of equality and of standards. There are groups of people who oppose this view and who do not believe either in examinations or in any controls in school or on teachers. This would mean that everything would depend on luck since every pupil would depend on the efficiency, the values and the purpose of each teacher.

Without examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to them—bright child from an ill—respected school can show certificates to prove he or she is suitable for a job, while the lake of certificate indicates the unsuitability of a dull child attending a well—respected school. This defend of excellence and opportunity would disappear if examinations were taken away, and the bright child form a poor family would be a prisoner of his or her school?s reputation, unable to compete for employment with the child from the favoured school.

The opponents of the examination system suggest that examinations are an evil force because they show differences between pupils. According to these people, there must be no special, different, academic class. They have even suggested that there should be no form of difference in sport or any other area: all jobs or posts should be filled by unsystematic selection. The selection would be made by people who themselves are probably selected by some computer.

82. The word “favouritism” in paragraph 3 is used to describe the phenomenon that________.

A. bright children also need certificates go get satisfying jobs.

B. children from well—respected schools tend to have good jobs

C. poor children with certificates are favoured in job markets

D. children attending ordinary schools achieve great success

83. What would happen if examinations were taken away according to the author?

A. Schools for bright children would lose their reputation.

B. There would be more opportunities and excellence.

C. Children from poor families would be able to change their schools.

D. Children?s job opportunity would be affected by their school reputation.

84. The opponents of the examination system will agree that _________.

A. jobs should not be assigned by systematic selection

B. computers should be selected to take over many jobs

C. special classed are necessary to keep the school standards

D. schools with academic subjects should be done away with

85. The passage mainly focuses on ___________.

A. schools and certificates B. examination and equality

C. opportunity and employmentD. standards and reputation

4

A teacher of English as a second language is the 2004 Teacher of the Year in the United States .Kathy Mellor of Rhode Island will spend the next year as an international spokeswoman for education. President Bush and his wife, Laura ,honored her during a ceremony（仪式）at the White House last week.

For the past nineteen years, Kathy Mellor has taught English as a second language at Davisville Middle School in North Kingstown, Rhode Island, in the northeastern United one to three periods per day in classes for English learners .How much instruction the students get depends on their level of skill in listening, speaking, reading and writing. The amount of time they spend in these classes in reduced as their level of English increases.

A teacher describes this as the most successful E.S.L. program in North Kingstown. She also praises Kathy Mellor for providing help to students and their families by forming a local parents group for speakers of other languages .This improved their ability to help their children.

Kathy Mellor earned a master?s degree in education from Rhode Island College. She studied teaching English as a second language.

She was chosen for the national honor of Teacher of the Year from among top teachers in each of the fifty states .As Teacher of the Year, Kathy Mellor will travel around the United States and to other countries .She will talk about the importance of education and the work of teachers.

56．This passage is mainly about________.

A．Teacher of the Year 2004 in the United States B．Ms Mellor?s English teaching instruction

C．Ms Mellor?s teaching skills of learning English D．Praises to Ms Mellor from other teachers

57．What does “E.S.L.” in the passage stand for?

A．English study learners. B．English speaking and listening.

C．English special learners. D．English as a second language.

58．From this passage we can learn that ________.

A．middle school teachers from each state are honored Teachers of the Year

B．middle school teachers in the USA have to get master?s degrees

C．Ms Mellor?s students have no problems in learning English

D．the American government pays much attention to education

5

Have you ever got stuck with unwanted courses or a class schedule that cannot be changed? If so, that?s because you don?t know how to select the perfect schedule. But by following a few simple steps, you can begin any term with the right courses at the most convenient times.

First, you must find the right courses. These are the ones that have the least amount of work, the fewest tests and the kindest professors. Ask your friends about courses in which they received A?s after attending only 70 percent of the classes. Ask around, too, to see which instructors have given the same tests for the last fifteen years. Photocopies of these tests are usually cheap and can be easily found in school. Then, pick up a copy of the master schedule and study it carefully. Find the course titles that mean an easy pass for a painless subject. Look for titles like “Arts and Crafts for Beginners,” and “Rock Music of the 1950s.”

Next, when you have got lists of easy instructors and subjects you can begin to select your

time periods. If you stay up late in order to watch old movies, you may want a daily schedule that begins no sooner than noon. You should schedule only afternoon courses, too, if you?re one of those people who hate to leave a warm bed in the morning. On the other hand, if you are a person who gets out of bed at dawn, you may want to get your classes out of the way as early as possible. That way you have the rest of the day free. Morning classes are also necessary if you are a soap opera(肥皂剧) fan.

Finally, you want your schedule to pass through registration successfully. The main way to do this is to register(注册) early. If a course does happen to be closed because you simply couldn?t register at 7:00 a.m., you may still be able to get in. Talk to the professor and tell him or her that a se(转 载于:wWw.zW2.cn 爱作文 网)rious and hardworking student like yourself would be a shining example to other students. Be sure to carry a list of backup courses to registration, though, just in case one of your chosen classes changes professors or time periods.

By following these suggestions, any student can pick the perfect class schedule. College can thus become an almost pleasant activity.

67．Which of the following statements is true?

A. You can get copies of tests if you are willing to pay the price.

B. “Rock Music of the 1950s”may be an easy course.

C．It is difficult to pick the perfect class schedule.

D．Attendance is required in all classes.

68．You should_____.

A．register for classes in the morning if you get up early

B．have classes late in the morning if you stay up late

C．sign up for afternoon classes if you want to see soap operas

D．choose classes in the evening if you want to watch old films

69．If a course happens to be closed, you should.

A．register at 7:00 a. m.. B．sit in on the class anyway

C．register for a back-up course D．get help from the professor

70．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A．Course Registration Made Easy B．How to Find the Right Courses

C．Classes and After-class Activities D．How to Pick the Perfect Schedule

6

If you are a recent social science graduate who has had to listen to jokes about unemployment from your computer major There are many advantages for the social science major because this high-tech "Information Age" demands people who are flexible (灵活的) and who have good communication skills.

There are many social science majors in large companies who fill important positions. For example , a number of research studies found that social science majors had achieved greater managerial success than those who had technical training or pre-professional courses. Studies show that social science majors are most suited for change, which is the leading feature (特点) of the kind of high speed, high-pressure, high-tech world we now live in.

Social science majors are not only experiencing success in their long-term company jobs, but they are also finding jobs more easily. A study showed that many companies had filled a large percentage of their entry-level positions with social science graduates. The study also showed that the most sought-after quality in a person who was looking for a job was communication skills,