中国传统文化英文词汇550字作文

精选作文:中国传统文化英文词汇550字作文

　　样板戏 model opera

　　地雷战 The Mine Warfare

　　霸王别姬 Farewell to My Concubine

　　群英会 Gathering of Heroes

　　借东风 East Wind

　　将相和 General and Premier Make Up

　　凤阳花鼓 Flower Drum Dance

　　醒世恒言 Lasting Words to Awaken the World

　　梁祝（小提琴协奏曲）Butterfly Love

　　红楼梦 A Dream of Red Mansion/Chamber

　　桃花扇 The Peach Blossom Fan

　　儒林外史 The Scholars

　　京剧 Peking Opera

　　炎黄子孙 Chinese descent

　　五行 five elements

　　观音菩萨 Avalokitesvara

　　菩萨 Boddhisattva

　　清真寺 mosque

　　道士 Taoist

　　和尚 monk

　　尼姑 nun

　　罗汉 arhat

　　财神爷 the God of Wealth

　　阎王爷 King of Hell

　　炉火神 the Fire God

　　佛经 Buddhist scriptures

　　七十二般变化 seventy-two different forms

　　弼马温 the Protector of the Horses

　　八卦炉 Eight Trigrams Furnace

　　金 metal

　　木 wood

　　水 water

　　火 fire

　　土 earth

　　灶王爷 the Kitchen God

中国传统文化(中英文)

中国传统文化

一、“传统节日”单词预热 vocabulary work

烹调 cooking cuisine

鱼肉满架 well stocked with fish and meat

象征意义 symbolic significance

农历 lunar calendar

阳历 solar calendar

端午节 Dragon Boat Festival

元宵节 Lantern Festival

清明节 Pure Brightness Day

重阳节 Double Ninth Day

放逐 be exiled

忠臣 loyal minister

糯米粽子 glutinous rice dumplings wrapped in bamboo leaves

祭祀亡灵 in memory of sb.

龙舟比赛 dragon boat races

中秋节 Mid Autumn Festival

满月 full moon

月饼 moon cake

蜜饯 preserved fruits

豆沙 bean paste

蛋黄 egg yolk

海鲜 seafood

家禽 poultry

饺子 dumplings

八宝饭 eight treasure rice

米羹 rice balls

油条 fried sticks

麻花 fried twisted stick

炒面 Chaomian

叉烧包 steamed bun with roast pork

粥 porridge

芋头 taro

葱油饼 pan-fried cake with sesame seeds and green onion

有关春节的常用词

放鞭炮 let off firecrackers

耍龙灯 play the dragon lantern

耍狮子 play the lion dance

拜年 pay a new-year call

二、有关“介绍”的翻译

?

? 我很高兴向各位介绍中国的主要传统节日。

I am very happy to have the opportunity to talk to you about major traditional

Chinese holidays.

?

? 表示“介绍情况”时，我们可以这样翻译：

1. to share with you brief information 在此，我愿意向朋友们介绍这些方面的情况。

I'd like to share with you brief information in this respect.

2. to brief you on

借此机会，我愿意向各位朋友介绍中国加入世贸组织和参与经济全球化的有关情况。

I would like to avail myself of this opportunity to brief you on China's accession to WTO and participation in economic globalization.

3. to give a brief account of

我简单介绍我厂的情况。

Let me, first of all, give you a brief account of this factory.

在来宾们参观我校之前，请允许我简要介绍一下我校的概况。

Before you start to look around, I would like to give you a brief account of our school. ? ? ? ? ? ?

?

? 4. to tell us how/what 请主席先生介绍一下中国农村扶贫运动的情况。

Will Mr. Chairman tell us how the anti-poverty drive is going on in China?

5. to show you

我想向您介绍一下我们初步拟定的活动日程。

I would like to show you our tentative itinerary.

6. to provide sb. with some information

借此机会，向各位介绍上海经济发展和开展国际经贸交往的一些情况。

I’d like to take this opportunity to provide you with some information about Shanghai’s economic development and its foreign trade.

7. share a piece of my mind ? ? ? ?

三、实考题分析

中国的传统节庆膳食除了在数量和质量上与平时有所不同之外，一些历史悠久、具有象征意义的食物也是节日必不可缺的伴侣。

Traditional holiday meals are different from everyday meals in terms of quantity and quality. In addition, some foods with a long history and symbolic significance are indispensable on these occasions.

例如，我国的端午节是纪念古代诗人屈原的日子。那一天，人们通常要赛龙舟、吃粽子。

For example, on the Dragon Boat Festival, a day set aside in memory of the ancient poet Qu Yuan, people will hold dragon boat races and eat zongzi, a kind of glutinous rice dumplings wrapped in bamboo leaves.

中秋节是观赏满月的日子。圆圆的月亮象征着圆满，象征着家庭团聚。因此，中秋节的特制食品是一种圆形的月饼。

The Mid-autumn Festival is an occasion for viewing the full moon. The round moon is a symbol for completeness, and family reunion. The special food of the day is the yuebing, a round moon cake.

春节是中国的农历新年，除了常见的海鲜、家禽和肉类之外，人们还要按各自的地方习俗烹制传统菜肴，如饺子和年糕。

The Spring Festival is the Chinese lunar New Year’s holiday. In addition to the popular seafood, poultry and meat, people will prepare traditional food, for example, jiaozi, or boiled dumplings, and niangao, or the year cake according to their regional custom.

温总理答记者问精彩语录

一个领导者应该把眼睛盯住前方，把握现在，思考未来。

As a leader, his eyes should be on the way ahead, his energy should be focused on the present at the same time he should be thinking of the future.

天变不足畏，祖宗不足法，人言不足恤。

One should not fear changes under the heaven and one should not blindly follow old conventions and one should not be deterred by complaints of others.

苟利国家生死以，岂因祸福避趋之。

（温总理五年前立下的誓言）

One should uphold his country’s interest with his life, he should not do things just to pursue his personal gains and he should not be evade responsibilities for fear of personal loss.

如果我们的国家有比黄金还要贵重的诚信、有比大海还要宽广的包容、有比爱自己还要宽广的博爱、有比高山还要崇高的道德，那么我们这个国家就是一个具有精神文明和道德力量的国家。

If China can have a level of credibility and integrity that is more precious than gold, if China can be more receptive and inclusive than the ocean, if China can have fraternity rather than love for oneself, and if China can have an ethical standard higher than the mountains, I believe this country will have the moral strength and also will become a country with advanced cultural development.

民之所忧，我之所思；民之所思，我之所行。

What people are concerned about preoccupies my mind, and what preoccupies people’s mind is what I need to address.

为了国家的富强，为了社会的公平正义，为了让人们幸福快乐地过得更好，为了让孩子们上好学，为了使我们的民族在世界赢得应有的尊严，我愿献出我的全部心血和精力。

To ensure this country to become stronger and more prosperous, to build a society of equity and justice, to ensure the people live a happy life, our children can go to school and our nation is duly respected in the international community, I'm willing to dedicate myself wholeheartedly to this cause.

所谓“中国政府灭绝西藏文化”是一派谎言。

Claim of China’s "cultural genocide"

in Tibet nothing but lie.

用人民的钱为人民谋利益。（有关财政体制改革）

use people's money to serve people's needs

我相信13亿人民微笑着面对世界，全世界人民也会微笑着对待中国。（有关北京奥运会）

I have confidence that the smiles of 1.3 billion people in front of the world will be

reciprocated by the smiles of the people from all over the world.

周虽旧邦，其命维新（《诗经》）；如将不尽，与古为新（《诗品》）。（有关解放思想）

Although Zhou was an ancient state, it had a reform mission;

only innovation could ensure the growth and vitality of a nation.

题目: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a Composition entitled The Prevalence of Western Holidays. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:

1.我国某些传统节日受到冷遇，而西方节日却日益升温;

2.形成这种现象的原因;

3.你对这种现象的看法。

[范文]：

The Prevalence of Western Holidays Many young people in China today prefer Western holidays to traditional Chinese festivals. Christmas is now celebrated by the younger generation all over China, and it has become especially popular as a romantic holiday for boyfriends and girlfriends or young married couples. Valentine's Day is also extremely popular, and even Halloween is being celebrated now.

This phenomenon has actually developed quite naturally in recent decades due to our educational system's focus on English study and therefore on English-speaking cultures. To many students, Western

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中国传统文化英语作文

Chinese Traditional Culture

The human race has entered a completely new stage in its history,along with the advance of the society and the increaceingly rapid economic globalization and urbanization, which resulted in the phenomenon that we are accustomed to living a very fast rhythm lifestyle,ignoring the Chinese traditional culture.

It is universally acknowledged that Chinese culture has a history of more than two thousand years, which once had great influence on the world, such as Japan, South Korea and other Asian and European countries. As one of the four ancient civilizations,China creates many splendid cultures,such as the four ancient Chinese inventions,which benefited human society in the history.

Although China risks copying the Western lifestyle’s worst aspects, especially of unhealthy eating and drinking,Which once gave rise to many problems.Fortunately,Chinese begin to realize the importance of Chinese traditional culture.Such examples might be given easily,Chinese traditional culture was added into our CET4 and CET6 ,which help us get hold of it better.

All in all,Chinese traditional culture accompanies our

growth all the time,which has already deeply rooted in our daily lives.As a Chinese,What we ought to do is to transmitte Chinese traditional culture from generation to generation.Only with these efforts adopted can we ensure that Chinese traditional culture will be leaded to a brilliant future.

常见中国传统文化专用词汇英文翻译

常见中国传统文化专用词汇英文翻译 http://.cn 2008年08月07日 17:25 新浪教育

1、中国意念词(Chinesenesses)

八卦 trigram

阴、阳 yin, yang

道 Dao(cf. logo)

江湖(世界) the jianghu World (the traits’ world)

e.g. You can’t control everything in a traits’ world. (人在江湖，身不由己) 道 Daoism(Taoism)

上火 excessive internal heat

儒学 Confucianism

红学(《红楼梦》研究) redology

世外桃源 Shangri-la or Arcadia

开放 kaifang (Chinese openness to the outside world)

大锅饭 getting an equal share regardless of the work done 伤痕文学 scar literature or the literature of the wounded 不搞一刀切 no imposing uniformity on …

合乎国情，顺乎民意 to conform with the national conditions and the will of the people

乱摊派，乱收费 imposition of arbitrary quotas and service charge 铁交椅 iron (lifetime) post’s;

guaranteed leading post 脱贫 to shake off poverty;

anti-poverty

治则兴，乱则衰 Order leads to prosperity and chaos to decline 2 、中华民族的喜庆节日(Chinese Festivial)

国庆节 National Day

中秋节 Mid-Autumn Day/Festival

春节 Spring Festival

元宵节 Lantern Festival

儿童节 Children’s Day

端午节 Dragon Boat Festival

妇女节 Women’s Day

泼水节 Water-Splashing Day

教师节 Teachers’ Day

五四青年节 Youth Day

3、中国独特的传统饮食(Unique Traditional Chinese Foods)

馄饨 wonton

锅贴 guotie (fried jiaozi)

花卷 steamed twisted rolls

套餐 set meal

盒饭 box lunch;

Chinese take-away

米豆腐 rice tofu

魔芋豆腐 konjak tofu

米粉 rice noodles

冰糖葫芦 a stick of sugar-coated haws (or apples,etc.)

火锅 chafing dish

八宝饭 eight-treasure rice pudding

粉丝 glass noodles

豆腐脑 jellied bean curd

4 、中国新兴事物(Newly Sprouted Things)

中国 电信 China Telecom

中国 移动 China Mobile

十五计划 the 10th Five-Year Plan

中国电脑联网 Chinanet

三峡工程 the Three Gorges Project

希望工程 Project Hope

京九铁路 Beijing CKowloon Railway

扶贫工程 Anti-Poverty Project

菜篮子工程 Vegetable Basket Project

温饱工程 Decent-Life Project

安居工程 Economy Housing Project

扫黄 Porn-Purging Campaign

西部大开发 Go-West Campaign

5 、特有的一些汉语词汇

禅宗 Zen Buddhism

禅 dhyana;

dhgaya

混沌 chaos

道 Daosim, the way and its power

四谛 Four Noble Truth

八正道 Eightfold Path

无常 anity

五行说 Theory of Five Elements

无我 anatman

坐禅 metta or transcendental meditation

空 sunyata

虚无 nothingness

双喜 double happiness(中)，a doubled stroke of luck(英)

小品 witty skits

相声 cross-talk

噱头；掉包袱 gimmick, stunt

夜猫子 night people;

night-owls

本命年 this animal year of sb.

处世之道 philosophy of life

姻缘 yinyuan(prefixed fate of marriage)

还愿 redeem a wish (vows)

6 、具有文化特色的现代表述

大陆中国 Mainland China

红宝书 little red book

红色中国 socialist China

四化 Four Modernizations

终生职业 job-for-life

铁饭碗 iron rice bowl

大锅饭 communal pot

关系户 closely-related units

外出打工人员 migrant workers

关系网 personal nets, closely-knitted guild

五讲(讲文明、讲礼貌、讲卫生、讲秩序、讲道德)：the Five Merits focus on decorum, manners, hygiene, disciplines and morals

四美(心灵美、语言美、行为美、环境美)：

the Four Virtues are golden heart, refined language, civilized behavior, and green environment

7 、中国古代独特事物(Unique Ancient Chinese Items)

宣纸 rice paper

衙门 yamen

叩头 kowtow

孔子Confucius

牌楼 pailou；pai-loo

武术 wushu(Chinese Martial Arts)

功夫 kungfu ；kung fu

中庸 the way of medium (cf. Golden Means)

中和 harmony (zhonghe)

孝顺 to show filial obedience

孝子 dutiful son

家长 family head

三纲：君为臣纲，父为子纲，夫为妻纲 three cardinal guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son husband guides wife

五常：仁、义、理、智、信 five constant virtues: benevolence (humanity), righteousness, propriety, wisdom and fidelity

八股文 eight-legged essays

多子多福：The more sons/children, the more blessing/ great happiness 养儿防老：raising sons to support one in one’s old age

8、近一季度见诸报端的中国现代特色词汇翻译

基层监督 grass-roots supervision

基础税率 base tariff level

婚介所 matrimonial agency

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中国传统文化专用词汇英文翻译

常见中国传统文化专用词汇英文翻译

1、中国意念词(Chinesenesses)

八卦 trigram阴、阳 yin, yang道 Dao(cf. logo)

江湖(世界) the jianghu World (the traits’ world)

e.g. You can’t control everything in a traits’ world. (人在江湖，身不由己)

道 Daoism(Taoism)上火 excessive internal heat儒学 Confucianism红学(《红楼梦》研究) redology

世外桃源 Shangri-la or Arcadia开放 kaifang (Chinese openness to the outside world)

大锅饭 getting an equal share regardless of the work done伤痕文学 scar literature or the literature of the wounded 不搞一刀切 no imposing uniformity on …

合乎国情，顺乎民意 to conform with the national conditions and the will of the people

乱摊派，乱收费 imposition of arbitrary quotas and service charge

铁交椅 iron (lifetime) post’s;

guaranteed leading post脱贫 to shake off poverty;

anti-poverty

治则兴，乱则衰 Order leads to prosperity and chaos to decline

2 、中华民族的喜庆节日(Chinese Festivial)

国庆节 National Day中秋节 Mid-Autumn Day/Festival春节 Spring Festival元宵节 Lantern Festival 儿童节 Children’s Day端午节 Dragon Boat Festival妇女节 Women’s Day泼水节 Water-Splashing Day 教师节 Teachers’ Day五四青年节 Youth Day

3、中国独特的传统饮食(Unique Traditional Chinese Foods)

馄饨 wonton锅贴 guotie (fried jiaozi)花卷 steamed twisted rolls套餐 set meal盒饭 box lunch;

Chinese take-away 米豆腐 rice tofu魔芋豆腐 konjak tofu米粉 rice noodles冰糖葫芦 a stick of sugar-coated haws (or apples,etc.) 火锅 chafing dish八宝饭 eight-treasure rice pudding粉丝 glass noodles豆腐脑 jellied bean curd

4 、中国新兴事物(Newly Sprouted Things)

中国 电信 China Telecom中国 移动 China Mobile十五计划 the 10th Five-Year Plan中国电脑联网 Chinanet 三峡工程 the Three Gorges Project希望工程 Project Hope京九铁路 Beijing CKowloon Railway

扶贫工程 Anti-Poverty Project菜篮子工程 Vegetable Basket Project温饱工程 Decent-Life Project

安居工程 Economy Housing Project扫黄 Porn-Purging Campaign西部大开发 Go-West Campaign

5 、特有的一些汉语词汇

禅宗 Zen Buddhism禅 dhyana;

dhgaya混沌 chaos道 Daosim, the way and its power四谛 Four Noble Truth 八正道 Eightfold Path无常 anity五行说 Theory of Five Elements无我 anatman

坐禅 metta or transcendental meditation空 sunyata虚无 nothingness

双喜 double happiness(中)，a doubled stroke of luck(英)小品 witty skits相声 cross-talk

噱头；掉包袱 gimmick, stunt夜猫子 night people;

night-owls本命年 this animal year of sb.

处世之道 philosophy of life姻缘 yinyuan(prefixed fate of marriage)还愿 redeem a wish (vows)

6 、具有文化特色的现代表述

大陆中国 Mainland China红宝书 little red book红色中国 socialist China四化 Four Modernizations 终生职业 job-for-life铁饭碗 iron rice bowl大锅饭 communal pot关系户 closely-related units

外出打工人员 migrant workers关系网 personal nets, closely-knitted guild

五讲(讲文明、讲礼貌、讲卫生、讲秩序、讲道德)：the Five Merits focus on decorum, manners, hygiene, disciplines and morals

四美(心灵美、语言美、行为美、环境美)：

the Four Virtues are golden heart, refined language, civilized behavior, and green environment

7 、中国古代独特事物(Unique Ancient Chinese Items)

宣纸 rice paper衙门 yamen叩头 kowtow孔子Confucius牌楼 pailou；pai-loo武术 wushu(Chinese Martial Arts) 功夫 kungfu ；kung fu中庸 the way of medium (cf. Golden Means)中和 harmony (zhonghe)

孝顺 to show filial obedience孝子 dutiful son家长 family head

三纲：君为臣纲，父为子纲，夫为妻纲 three cardinal guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son husband guides wife 五常：仁、义、理、智、信 five constant virtues: benevolence (humanity), righteousness, propriety, wisdom and fidelity

八股文 eight-legged essays 多子多福：The more sons/children, the more blessing/ great happiness 养儿防老：raising sons to support one in one’s old age 8、近一季度见诸报端的中国现代特色词汇翻译 基层监督 grass-roots supervision基础税率 base tariff level婚介所 matrimonial agency婚外恋 extramarital love 婚纱摄影 bride photo黑心棉 shoddy cotton机器阅卷 machine scoring即开型奖券 scratch-open ticket/lottery 集中精力把经济建设搞上去 go all out for economic development价格听证会 public price hearings 甲A球队 Division A Soccer Team家政服务 household management service 加强舆论监督 ensure the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion

假帐 accounting fraud叫板 challenge;

pick a quarrel矫情 use lame arguments

渐进式台独 gradual Taiwan independence借调 temporarily transfer

扩大中等收入者比重 Raise the proportion of the middle-income group.

扩大内需，刺激消费expand domestic demand and consumption

“民族传统”的必背考点

一、对龙图腾他的崇拜在中国大约已绵延了八千多年。中国龙是古人将鱼、蛇、马、牛等动物与云雾、雷电等自然天象集合而成的一种神物。

中国龙的形成与中华民族的多元融合过程同步。在中国人的心目中，龙具有振奋腾飞、开拓变化的寓意和团结凝聚的精神。

Chinese Dragon Dragon totem worship in China has been around for the last 8,000 years. The ancients in China considered the dragon (or loong) a fetish that combines animals including the fish, snake, horse and ox with cloud, thunder, lightning and other natural celestial phenomena. The Chinese dragon was formed in accordance with the multicultural fusion process of the Chinese nation. To the Chinese, the dragon signifies innovation and cohesion.

二、秧歌舞是中国汉族的一种民间传统舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服装，他们的表演动作有力迅速。在农历春节、元宵节等节日期间，人们一旦听到锣鼓声，不管外面天气有多冷，他们都会蜂拥到街上看秧歌舞表演。近年来，中国东北某些城市的老年人自发组织了了秧歌队，队员常年通过跳秧歌舞来保持健康，同事他们也乐在其中。

Yangko is one of tradition folk dance of Han in China.It is usually performed in northern provinces. The dancers usually wear colorful and light costumes, and the performance is powerful and rapid. During some festivals such as Spring Festival, Lantein Festival, if people hear the sound of drum and gong, no matter how cold the weather is , they will come to street and appreciate the Yangko. Recent years, the old people in city of east-northern of China organized the team of Yangko by themselves, the teamers keep their health by dancing Yangko the whole year.

三、长城是人类创造的世界奇迹之一。如果你到了中国却没去过长城，就想到了巴黎没有去看看菲尔铁塔，或者就像到了埃及没有去看金字塔一样。人们常说：“不到长城非好汉。”实际上，长城最初只是一些断断续续的城墙，直到秦朝统一中国后才将其连城长城。然而，今天我们看到的长城——东起山海关，西至嘉峪关——大部分都是在明代修建的。

The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world that created by human beings! If you come to China without climbing the Great Wall, it's just like going Paris without visiting the Eiffel Tower;

or going to Egypt without visiting the Pyramids! Men often say, "He who doest not reach the Great Wall is not a true man."In fact, it began as independent walls for different states when it was first built, and did not become the "Great Wall"

until the Qin Dynasty. However, the wall we see today, starting from Shanhaiguan Pass in the east to Jiayunguan Pass in the west, was mostly built during the Ming Dynasty.

四、饺子是深受中国人民喜爱的传统食品。

相传为古代医圣张仲景发明。饺子的制作是包括：

1） 擀皮、2） 备馅、

3） 包馅水煮三个步骤。其特点是皮薄馅嫩，味道鲜美，形状独特，百食不厌。民间有“好吃不过饺子”的俗语。中国人接亲待客、逢年过节都有包饺子吃的习俗，寓意吉利。对崇尚亲情的中国人来说，“更岁交子”吃饺子，更是欢度除

夕、辞旧迎新必不可少的内容。

Dumplings Dumplings are one of the Chinese people’s favorite traditional dishes. According to an ancient Chinese legend, dumplings were first made by the medical saint---Zhang Zhongjing. There are three steps involved in making dumplings: 1) make dumpling wrappers out of dumpling flour;

2) prepare the dumpling stuffing;

3) make dumplings and boil them. With thin and elastic dough skin, fresh and tender stuffing, delicious taste, and unique shapes, dumplings are worth eating hundreds of times. There’s an old saying that claims, “Nothing could be more delicious than dumplings”. During the Spring Festival and other holidays, or when treating relatives and friends, Chinese people like to follow the auspicious custom of eating dumplings. To Chinese people who show high reverence for family love, having dumplings at the moment the old year is replaced by the new is an essential part of bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new year.

五、针灸是中医学的重要组成部分。按照中医的经络理论，针灸疗法主要是通过疏通经络、调和气血，来达到阴阳归于平衡，使脏腑趋于调和之目的。其特点是“内病外治”。主要疗法是用针刺入病人身体的一定穴位，或用艾火的温热刺激烧灼病人的穴位，以达到刺激经络。治疗病痛的目的。针灸以其独特的优势，流传至今并传播到了世界，与中餐、功夫、中药一起被海外誉为中国的“新四大国粹”。

Acupuncture is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In accordance with the “main and collateral channels” theory in TCM, the purpose of acupuncture is to dredge the channel and regulate qi and blood, so as to keep the body’s yin and yang balanced and achieve reconciliation between the internal organs. It features in traditional Chinese medicine that “internal diseases are to be treated with external therapy”. The main therapy of acupuncture involves using needles to pierce certain acupoints of the patient’s body, or adopting moxibustion to stimulate the patient’s acupoints so as to stimulate the channels and relieve pain. With its unique advantages, acupuncture has been handed down generation after generation and has now spread all over the world. Nowadays, acupuncture, along with Chinese food, kung fu (otherwise known as Chinese martial arts), and traditional Chinese medicine, has been internationally hailed as one of the “four new national treasures.”

六、中国功夫即中国武术，是将技击寓于搏斗和套路运动之中的中国传统体育项目，承载着丰富的中国民族传统文化。其核心思想是儒家的中和养气之说，同时兼容了道家、释家的思想。中国武术源远流长、流派林立、拳种繁多，讲究刚柔并济、内外兼修，蕴含着先哲们对生命和宇宙的参悟。后世所称十八般武艺，主要指：徒手拳艺，如太极拳、形意拳、八卦掌等；器械功夫，如刀枪剑戟、斧钺钩叉等。

Chinese Kung Fu Chinese kung fu, or Chinese martial arts, carries traditional Chinese culture in abundance. It is a traditional Chinese sport which applies the art of attack and defence in combat and the motions engaged with a series of skill and tricks. The core idea of Chinese king fu is derived from the Confucian theory of both “the mean and harmony” and “cultivating qi” (otherwise known as nourishing one’s spirit). Meanwhile, it also includes thoughts of Taoism and Buddhism. Chinese kung fu has a long history, with multi-various sects and many different boxing styles, and emphasizes coupling hardness with softness and internal and external training. It contains the ancient great thinkers’ pondering of life and the universe. The skills in wielding the 18 kinds of weapons named by the later generations mainly involve the skills of bare-handed boxing, such as shadow boxing (Taijiquan), form and will boxing (Xingyiquan), eight trigram palm (Baguazhang), and the skills of kung fu weaponry, such as the skill of using swords, spears, two-edged swords and halberds, axes, tomahawks, kooks, prongs and so on.

七、汉字是从原始人用以记事的简单图画，经过不断演变发展最终成为一种兼具音、形、意韵的独特文字。现存中国古代最早成熟的文字是甲骨文，被认为是现代汉字的初形。此后，汉字又经历了金文、隶书、楷书、草书、行书等不同的阶段。汉字结构“外圆内方“， 源于古人”天圆地方“的观念。汉字有五种基本笔画，即：横、竖、撇、捺、折。

Chinese characters were initially meant to be simple pictures used to help people remember things. After a long period of development, it finally became a unique character system that embodies phonetic sound, image, idea, and rhyme at the same time. The writing system, which was extremely advanced in ancient times, began with inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells, and these are regarded as the original forms of Chinese characters. Afterwards, Chinese characters went through numerous calligraphic styles: bronze inscriptions, official script, regular script, cursive script, running script, etc. Chinese characters are usually round outside and square inside, which is rooted in ancient Chinese beliefs of an orbicular sky and a rectangular Earth. The five basic strokes of Chinese characters are “---“ (the horizontal stroke) “│” (the vertical stroke), “／”( the left-falling

stroke), “＼” (the right-falling stroke), and “乙” (the turning stroke).

八、中国人使用筷子就餐的方式在世界上独树一帜。有史记载用筷的历史已有三千多年。筷子古时称为箸，它看似简单，但却同时具有夹、拨、挑、扒、拌、撮、戳、撕等多种功能。中国民间视筷子为吉祥之物，如婚俗中将筷子隐喻为快生贵子的祝福等。与使用刀叉以及手抓的 方式不同，成双结对的筷子含有“和为贵“的意蕴。西方人赞誉筷子是古老的东方文明。

Chinese Chopsticks The Chinese way of eating with chopsticks is unique in the world. The recorded history of chopsticks started more than three thousand years ago. Chopsticks were named zhu in ancient Chinese. They look deceptively simple to use, but possess multi-various functions, such as clamping, turning over, lifting up, raking, stirring, scooping, poking, tearing, and so on. Chopsticks were taken as an auspicious mascot by ordinary people in ancient China. For example, the partial tone of chopsticks is often used by people as a metaphor at weddings to indicate a blessing or benediction for the couple to have a baby soon. Unlike using a knife and fork or one’s own hands, a pair of chopsticks also implies the meaning of “Harmony is what matters”. Chopsticks are highly praised by Westerners as a hallmark of ancient oriental civilization.

九、印章就是图章。中国历代官、私所用的印章有印信、朱记、合同、符、契等等不同的称谓，而帝王所用的印章古时称玺、印、宝、章等。据史料记载，印章在战国时代已普遍使用。印章的制作是将篆隶等字体、图像用阴、阳的形式雕刻而成，形状以圆、方为主。印章用朱色 钤盖，除日常应用外，又多用于书画题识，逐渐成为中国特有的艺术形式之一。

Chinese Seal A seal can also be defined as a stamp. Both the Chinese official and private seal of various dynasties have different titles, such as stamp, zhu note, contract, fu, lease and others. The seals used by the emperors of ancient China were called xi, yin, bao, etc. According to historical records, seals were widely used during the Warring States Period (475BC-221BC). The making of a seal is to engrave fonts, such as seal characters and official script and so on;

or images in the form of intaglio and embossment into the seal, basically shaped as round or square. Covered with a vermilion overlay, the Chinese seal is not only used in daily life, but it is also used to represent signatures on paintings and calligraphies. It is gradually becoming one of China’s unique artworks.

十、天干地支是中国历法中用以记录和命名年岁的方法。十天干为：甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、已、庚、辛、壬、癸；十二地支为：子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戊、亥。古人观测朔望月，发现月亮圆缺12次大体上是一年的天数，而两个朔望月约是60天。古人以十天干与十二地支的顺序依次相配，记录不同年份，60年为一个轮回。干支纪年法从古沿用至今。按干支纪年法，2011年便是辛卯年。

Chinese Era The Chinese era is the symbol that the Chinese calendar uses for recording and naming years. The ten Heavenly Stems are: jia, yi, bing, ding, wu, ji, geng, xin, ren, gui. The twelve Earthly Branches are: zi.chou, yin, mou, chen, si, wu, wei, shen, you, xu, hai. After observing the lunar month, the ancients found that the moon always wazes and wanes roughly 12 times a year, and two lunar months account for about 60 days, so the order of the ten Heavenly Stems and the order of the twelve Earthly Branches are properly matched in turn. In terms of recording date, 60 years is considered to be a full time cycle. The Chinese era chronology was first invented in ancient times and is still in use now. according to the chronology of the “ten Heavenly Stems,” 2011 is the year of “the seventh of the ten Heavenly Stems” and “ the fifth of the twelve Earthly Branches”.

十一、京剧被誉为“东方歌剧”， 是地道的中国国粹。它起源于中国多种古老的地方戏剧，特别是南方的“徽班”。到了19世纪末，京剧形成并成为中国最大的戏曲剧种。京剧是综合性表演艺术，集唱（歌唱）、念（念白）、做（表演）、打（武）、舞（舞蹈）为一体，通过程式化的表演手段，叙述故事，刻画人物。角色主要分生（男性）、旦（女性）、净（男性）、丑（男性女性皆有）四大行当。

Chinese Beijing Opera praised as “Oriental Opera”, Beijing Opera is a genuine national quintessence of China. It originated from many kinds of ancient local operas, especially huiban in southern China. At the end of the 19th Century, Beijing Opera evolved and took shape, becoming the greatest kind of opera in China. Beijing Opera is a blend of performing arts---song, speech, performance, acrobatix fighting and dance. Beijing Opera portrays and narrates the plot and characters through stylized acting. The main types of roles in Beijing Opera are sheng(male), dan (young female), jing (painted face, male), and chou( clown, male or female).

十二、道教是中国土生土长长的宗教。创始人是春秋末期的哲学家、思想家老子。道教以老子所著的《道德经》为主要经典。道教主张“重人贵生”。崇尚清静无为，修身养性。“道可道，非常道。名可名，非常名。无名天地之始；有名万物之母。故常无，欲以观其妙；常有，欲以观其徼”便是老子的至理名言。

Chinese Taoism Taoism first originated in China. The founder of Taoism is Laozi, a philosopher and thinker who lived in the late Spring and Autumn Period (770BC-476BC). Tao Te Ching whose authorship has been attributed to Laozi, is considered to be the main Taoist classic. Taoism advocates the value of a human being’s life, recommends the discarding of all desires and worries from one’s mind, and encourages the cultivation of moral character and the nourishment of human nature. The following is an example of Laozi’s golden saying: The way that can be told of is not an unvarying way;

The names that can be named are not unvarying names. It was from the nameless that Heaven and Earth sprang;

The named is but the mother that rears the ten thousand creatures, each after its kind. Truly, only he that rids himself forever of desire can see the secret essences;

He that has never rid himself of desire can see only the outcomes.

十三、中国成语是汉语中意义完整的表示一般概念的固定词组或短语。“成语”中的“成”既是约定俗成。成语是比词大而语法功能又相当于词的语言单位。绝大多数的中国成语由四个汉字组成，例如：自强不息、青出于蓝、厚积薄发。成语主要从民间谚语、古代文学作品、诗歌、寓言、典故、名言警句等方面提炼而成，是汉语语言中精炼而又富有生命力的一部分。

Chinese Idioms Chinese idioms refer to comprehensive and integrated fixed phrases and expressions. Idioms are established and accepted by constant usage and common practice. An idiom is a language unit that is larger than a word, but has the same grammatical function as a word. Most Chinese idioms consist of four characters. For example, ziqiangbuxi ( make unremitting efforts to improve oneself), qingchuyulan(bluer than indigo), and houjibofa (success comes with time and effort). Idioms are extrated from folk proverbs, ancient works of literature, poems, fables, allusions, and well-known sayings. Idioms are a part of the Chinese language that are concise and have great vitality.

十四、中国是丝绸的故乡。栽桑、养蚕、缫丝、织绸是中国古代人民的伟大发明。商周时期丝绸的生产技术就已发展到相当高的水平。西汉时张骞通西域，把中原与波斯湾、地中海紧密联系起来，开辟了中外交流贸易的新纪元。从此中国的丝绸以其卓越的品质、精美的花色和丰富的文化内涵闻名于世，成为中国文化的象征。东方文明的使者。

China is the home of silk. Mulberry planting, sericulture, silk reeling and thickening are all great inventions of the ancient Chinese. As early as the Shang and Zhou Dynasties (1600BC-256BC), the Chinese people’s silk-weaving techniques had reached an extremely high level. During the Western Han Dynasty (206BC-25AD), Zhang Qian, an outstanding diplomat, travelled around central Asia and connected China with the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean, opening up a new era of Sino-foreign trade, exchange and communication. From then on, China’s silk became well known for its extraordinary quality, exquisite design and color, and abundant culture connotations. Hitherto, Chinese silk has been accepted as a symbol of Chinese culture and the emissary of oriental civilization.

十五、中国园林是把人造的山水、植物、建筑等与自然地貌有机结合的环境艺术，是我国古代建筑艺术的珍宝。其建造原则是“妙极自然，宛自天开”。游赏中国古典园林，能充分领略“假自然之景，创山水真趣”的园林意境。在世界三大园林体系中，中国园林历史悠久、内涵丰富，被誉为世界造园史上的渊源之一。

The Chinese classical garden is a precious treasure of our ancient Chinese architecture. It is a kind of environment art, which systematically combines artificial mountains and rivers, plants and buildings with the natural landscape. The construction standard of a Chinese classical garden is “artificial as it is, the garden must look ingenious and natural.” When you go sightseeing in a Chinese classical garden, you should be able to appreciate its artistic concept which “makes use of the natural landscape to create the real fun of mountains and rivers for viewers.” Of the world’s three major garden systems, the Chinese classical garden is hailed as one of the origins of the world’s garden due to its long history and abundant connotations.

十六、笔墨纸砚是中国古代文人书房当中必备的宝贝，被称为“文房四宝”。用笔墨书写绘画在中国可追溯到五千年前。秦时已用不同硬度的毛和竹管制笔；汉代以人工制墨替代了天然墨；有了纸张以后，简牍锦帛逐失其用；砚台则随笔墨的使用而发展。

“文房四宝”到宋朝以后特指湖笔、徽墨、宣纸、端砚。可以说文房四宝书写了整个中华文明。

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